Songjiang Tangjing building

Chu á ng is the oldest existing building in Shanghai. It is located in Zhongshan primary school, Songjiang District, Shanghai.

The building was built in 859 ad (in the 13th year of Tang Dynasty). It is made of limestone. It was overhauled in 1962. It is 21 grade and 9.3 meters high. The eight sides of the building are engraved with the parallel preface of the Sutra of Buddha's top and the inscription of Jianzhuang. Other levels, such as the bracket, waist, canopy and other parts, are exquisitely carved, including sea water pattern, precious lotus, cirrus, Rex, heavenly king, Bodhisattva, donor, Pan Long, crouching lion, etc.

The whole building is tall and beautiful, with exquisite carving, refined lines, full of human, animal and flowers, which is of great Tang art style. In 1988, the Tangjing building in Songjiang was declared as "national key cultural relics protection unit" by the State Council.

Songjiang Tangjing building

Songjiang Tang Scripture building, with the full name of "fo Ding Zunsheng Tuoluo Scripture building", is a product of Buddhism Tantrism. It was built in the 13th year of Tang Dazhong (859) and is located in Zhongshan primary school, No. 43, Xisi lane, Songjiang District, Shanghai.

The total height of Songjiang Tangjing building is 9.3 meters, grade 21, made of limestone. It is built on the octagonal ground with side bricks and slopes. All levels are stacked in the form of bracket, waist, column, canopy and waist eaves, and most of each section is octagonal.

The Tang Sutras in Songjiang are carved with sea water pattern, Panlong, cirrus, crouching lion, entwined lotus, Yanglian, Bodhisattva, GouLan, lion head with ring, Lianzhu, Tianwang, Panlong, and the Buddha worship of the princess. The tenth level building is octagonal in shape, which is engraved with the Sutra of Buddha's top and the inscription.

Songjiang Tang Scripture building has clear carving level, symmetrical proportion, mutual echo, delicate and vivid lines, natural and vivid dynamic characters and facial expressions, which shows the artistic style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

On January 13, 1988, the Songjiang Tangjing building was announced by the State Council of the people's Republic of China as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

Songjiang Tangjing building was first built in 859, the 13th year of Dazhong in Tang Dynasty. According to Songjiang Fu Zhi written by Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty, "the stone building is in front of Huating county. It is said that there is Yongquan in the place, and the cloud is the sea eye. It was built in the 13th year of Dazhong."

From the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, the Tang Scripture building in Songjiang became more and more weathered and inclined, so it was gradually adopted to surround stones, build walls and even pile up mounds to prevent the collapse of the scripture building.

Before the liberation of Shanghai, nearly half of the Tangjing building in Songjiang was buried in the soil, only 11 levels were exposed on the ground, the building was damaged and denuded, and all levels were inclined.

In 1962, the Shanghai Municipal Department of cultural relics cleaned up the soil layer of 3 meters within 100 square meters of the mound and the surrounding area of the Songjiang Tang Scripture building. It was found that there were still 10 levels below the base of the building inside the mound. A 3-meter-high wall was built beside the base, and then the mound was made of stones and soil outside the wall. In October of the same year, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Cultural Administration officially approved the restoration of the Jing building.

At the end of April 1963, the restoration project of Songjiang Tangjing building started. Experts from the Research Office of Shanghai Museum provide technical guidance, and the cultural relics workshop is responsible for the specific repair.

In May 1963, the parts of Songjiang Tangjing building began to glue.

In October 1963, the restoration and installation of Songjiang Tangjing building was completed.

In November 1964, the restoration project of Songjiang Tangjing building was completed. The Jingchuang was lifted vertically, but the point remained unchanged.

Architectural features

structure

Songjiang Tang Scripture building is the most complete and tall one of the Tang Scripture buildings in China, with a total height of 9.3 meters. It has 21 levels. It is built on the octagonal ground with side bricks and slopes. All levels are stacked in the form of bracket, waist, column, canopy and waist eaves. Most of each section is octagonal.

The first level, for the sea pattern seat, carved waves.

In the second level, the round Panlong is wrapped around the waist and carved into the caves. Due to severe weathering, some of them are incomplete and have no basis.

The third level, lotus petal cirrus pedestal, is divided into upper and lower slope and middle side, carved cirrus, Foshan and temple, single petal Yang lotus.

The fourth level, squatting lion relief, eight waist, a lion on each side, front feet stand upright, chest protruding, face are incomplete.

The fifth level, Tang grass pattern Yang rosette, upper slope engraved flowers and plants tangled peony, lower slope engraved lotus petals.

In the sixth level, the Bodhisattva's waist is covered with relief carvings. Each of the eight sides is engraved with a ruyi head type door. Inside the door, there are half or full Bodhisattva statues.

The seventh level, folding astringent, no carving.

The eighth level, GouLan block, each corner of the vertical pillar, two columns engraved with goupian pattern of stone plate.

The Ninth level, the lower part of the building, 76 cm in diameter and 46 cm in height, is engraved with the surname of the donor.

The tenth level, the upper part of the building, with a diameter of 76 cm and a height of 177 cm, is engraved with the Buddhist scriptures of Zunsheng and tuoroni on the top of the Buddha, with 10 lines on each side. The sixth line on the second side is engraved with the Scriptures, which is the translation of the Salmonella Buddha of Zhou Bin state in Tang Dynasty. The sixth line on the eighth side is the inscription of the building.

The 11th level, lion head canopy, octagonal, with lion head on each corner, mouth with Yingluo.

The 12th level, Lianzhu, double hemispheres, lotus and Ruyi patterns.

Level 13, cirrus bracket, tilt plate, engrave cirrus.

The fourteenth level, the four heavenly kings relief, Southeast, northwest, carved on all sides of the heavenly king.

The 15th level, octagonal waist eaves, wing angle tilted, corner end carved Ruyi pattern.

Level 16, Panlong column.

The 17th level, Yang lotus bracket, carved lotus petals in full bloom.

Section 18, base, overlap up and down.

In the 19th block, the relief of "the picture of worshiping Buddha" is carved with 16 Buddha statues, Bodhisattvas and donors.

The 20th level, octagonal zanjian cover, divided into upper and lower layers, with warping angle.

Grade 21, prismatic flat cover, plain surface, no carving.

characteristic

Songjiang Tang Scripture building has clear carving level, symmetrical proportion, mutual echo, delicate and vivid lines, natural and vivid dynamic characters and facial expressions, which shows the artistic style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Cultural relics

The Tang Sutras in Songjiang are carved with sea water pattern, Panlong, cirrus, crouching lion, entwined lotus, Yanglian, Bodhisattva, GouLan, lion head with ring, Lianzhu, Tianwang, Panlong, and the Buddha worship of the princess. Tang style peony with Yinwen lines and triple blooming lotus petals are carved in detail. There are lotus brackets and balustrade blocks. There are watchposts at each corner and balustrades between them. There are 16 lotus flowers on the groove.

The relief sculpture of the emperor's Buddha at the top of the Tang Dynasty building in Songjiang is the essence of sculpture. The relief is surrounded by 16 figures and Buddha statues. Among them, 9 people in 2 groups of Buddha and attendants are on the front, 5 people in the princess and female officials are on the side, and 1 woman official leads the way with a flag. The princess goes to worship Buddha with the support of two female officials, and some Buddhist practitioners are telling Buddhist stories to believers.

The Tang scriptures of Songjiang are octagonal in shape, which are engraved with the Sutra of Buddha's top and the inscription. According to Gu Jingyan's record of cultural relics, it was built on August 28.

History and culture

origin

Chu á ng is a kind of stone carving architecture of ancient Buddhism, which was introduced into China in the early Tang Dynasty with the Buddhism Tantric school. At first, it was just an octagonal or hexagonal stone column with a mantra or Scripture engraved on it, which was called the body of the building; it had a base under it and a top on it, which was simple in structure and style. After the middle of Tang Dynasty, the number of Sutras in the pure land Buddhist temple increased, the form also changed, and the carving became more and more gorgeous and fine. Songjiang Tang Scripture building is one of the largest existing ones in China.

Songjiang Tang Scripture building was initiated by Buddhist believers in Songjiang in the 13th year of Tang Dazhong (859). The body of the building is engraved with "Buddha's top Zunsheng's Dharma Sutra", which is used to pass the dead souls of their deceased relatives and to help the living get rid of disasters and diseases. Later, the government officials "set it up in the thoroughfare" (emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty destroyed Buddhism in Huichang, destroyed temples and other Buddhist buildings. More than 10 years later, people in Songjiang were afraid that the scripture buildings would be affected when the Buddhist temples were destroyed again, so they did not build the Scripture buildings in the temples, but built them in the thoroughfare). More than 150 people participated in the donation, including 13 officials and more than 30 women. The donated items included skirts, quilts, curtains, yellow shirts, silk, Luoshui and Jingzhu. These reasons are explained in the inscription on the building, and the list of donors and donations are also engraved under it in detail.

Arts and culture

Liuyun in Tang Dynasty is one of the twelve sceneries in Songjiang. There is a poem saying: Liuyun sets off the Jingchuang in Tang Dynasty, and the beautiful sun reflects the shape of palace. Graceful and quiet, beautiful scenery.

In Song Dynasty, Xu Shang wrote a poem named Shichuang in Huating Baiyong: "standing for thousands of years, it is said that it is due to Haiyan. Penglai water three shallow, once did not see the inclination

Legends and anecdotes

Zhenhaiyan

There is a sea eye in the place where Songjiang Tang Scripture building is built. Water often spills over the ground and cannot be blocked by mud and stone. The flood will spread to the surrounding dwellings and yamen. If measures are not taken immediately, the whole city will be flooded. Huating county magistrate invited celebrities from all walks of life in the county to discuss the method of blocking the sea eye. The abbot of Chaoguo Temple put forward that only by reading the scriptures on the sea eye of the town of tuorongzhuang, can the disaster be eliminated. The county magistrate should issue a notice immediately, and the county magistrate should pay attention to it

Chinese PinYin : Song Jiang Tang Jing Zhuang