Kalamaili Nature Reserve

Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve

synonym

Kalamaili nature reserve generally refers to Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve

Kalamaili Nature Reserve was established in April 1982 with a total area of 14856.48 square kilometers. Kalamaili, located in the Junggar basin of Xinjiang, is a desert symbolizing death. It looks quiet on the outside. If you don't go into it, you will not find that it is a paradise for wild animals.

Karamaili Nature Reserve was established with the approval of the people's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 1982, with a total area of 1733000 hectares. It mainly protects rare animal resources and their habitats.

Kalamaili nature reserve is the main activity area of ungulates in Xinjiang. Since the establishment of the nature reserve in the 1980s, the number of wild animals such as Mongolian wild donkey and gazelle has increased significantly. Since the first wild horse was released in 2001, it has gradually adapted to the wild life and become a beautiful landscape in Kalamaili nature reserve.

While making great efforts to fix sand and protect the environment, some enterprises with high energy consumption and high pollution directly pile up untreated industrial waste and domestic waste in the desert, destroying large areas of valuable vegetation and bringing about ecological crisis.

brief introduction

Autumn in kalamairi is much more beautiful than you think. In the core of the gurtunbangut desert, the second largest desert in China, life is still growing. In late autumn, the rare vegetation in the desert becomes as yellow as the desert. The footprints of people here are less than those of rabbits.

National Highway 216 runs through Kalamaili nature reserve, with barbed wire fence on both sides to prevent human from sneaking in. To enter the reserve, permission must be obtained from the management department. Recently, the reporter visited this once famous reserve.

Hundreds of millions of years ago, there were vast blue waves, thousands of miles of forests, leisurely birds and fragrant wild flowers. However, with the orogeny at the end of Jurassic, the climate deteriorated, the lake disappeared due to drought and water shortage.

Today, based on the desert and Gobi of Kalamaili, we can see that the terrain is undulating and changeable, forming large and small hills, which are no more than tens of meters high. On both sides of the temporary river channel formed by flood on the depression, shrubs are everywhere, and flowers are blooming in the last warmth of autumn. The eccentric inland desert may be snowing one day.

Under the protection of sparse vegetation, the sand dunes of Kalamaili are fixed, which makes the wild animals here have the hope of survival. When walking in the nature reserve, you can see animal feces and footprints everywhere. If you don't pay attention, you can also see goats and rabbits walking leisurely far away. They don't have much vigilance against strange intruders, they just keep a certain distance from visitors Looking from a distance.

In order to protect this original area, in 1981, the state established "Kalamaili mountain ungulate wildlife reserve" here. Now Kalamaili reserve has been upgraded to the national level. With the establishment of the nature reserve and the change of climate, this once extremely arid place is now mixed with trees and grasslands, and wild flowers everywhere, showing a grassland scenery.

Now, there are hundreds of hoofed animals and rare birds, such as Mongolian wild donkey and many state protected animals, such as gazelle, red deer, argali and wild goat. More birds live and breed here. It can be said that Kalamaili has become a paradise for wild animals. According to statistics, more than 6000 Mongolian wild donkeys live in Kalamaili nature reserve, and the number of gazelle has increased from 1000 to more than 20000.

It is also the only wild horse breeding base in China. In 1986, the descendants of wild horses captured from the Junggar Basin by China, such as Britain and Germany, were brought back. Now, they have adapted to the environment here and avoided the crisis of extinction.

The scientific name of przewalskima is the only wild horse population on the earth, which has been released to Kalamaili hoofed reserve.

geographical position

The reserve is located in Qitai, Jimusaer, Fukang, Fuyun, Qinghe and Fuhai counties of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in the eastern edge of gurbantong ancient desert in Junggar basin, south of Wulungu River, west of BEITASHAN and north of Jiangjun Gobi. In 2005, 2007 and 2008, the scope of Kashan Nature Reserve was adjusted three times. Now the total area of Kashan nature reserve is 14856.48 square kilometers, including 4894.09km2 core area, 5720.58km2 buffer area and 3620.91km2 experimental area.

natural environment

The eastern part of the reserve is gravel gobi, the central part is Kalamaili mountain, and the western part is desert. The Kalamaili mountain is east-west, 20-40 km wide from north to south, with a general altitude of 1000 meters and a relative elevation difference of less than 500 meters. In the north, there are low mountains and hills with gentle slope, and the relative height difference is only tens of meters. To the south of the mountain is Jiangjun Gobi, and sand dunes are formed in some areas. The western desert of the reserve is a part of Gurbantunggut Desert. There are six large medium velocity sand ridges and a large area of lattice dune chain. A large mud desert, commonly known as "yellow mud Beach", is formed at the junction of mountains, hills, wind erosion platform and desert. The average annual temperature is 2.38 ℃; the average annual precipitation is 159.1 mm, and the evaporation is as high as 2090.4 mm, so the climate is dry.

plant resources

In the South and southwest of the mountain group, Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon ammodendron desert occupy a large proportion. On the semi fixed sand dunes in the west of China, there is grassland desertification of grass pseudosepia brevifolia, and a small amount of Pipa wood is distributed. Grasses mainly include Stipa, Stipa psammophila, Miscanthus, Ceratoides, Artemisia ordosica, etc. On the fixed dunes, quinoa and Artemisia deserts are important vegetation.

Haloxylon ammodendron, Haloxylon ammodendron, etc. are the third class protected plants in China.

Animal resources

The animals in the reserve include Mongolian wild donkey, argali, Oryx, tabby cat, red fox, sand fox, Mustela, hare, and a variety of rodents. There are golden eagles, jade ribbon sea eagles, goshawks, great bustard and little bustard. Reptiles are desert lizard and so on.

The first-class protected animals include Mongolian wild donkey, golden carving, jade belt sea carving, great bustard, little bustard, etc., and the second-class protected animals include grassland spotted cat, argali, hyena, goshawk, longitudinal belly bustard, etc. The extinct animals are wild horse and high nosed antelope.

Mongolian wild donkey: a national first-class protected animal, with about 400 in the reserve. It is a large hoofed, mule like shape, about 2 meters long, about 1.2 meters high, weighing about 260 kg. The neck has the hyena hair, is the brown black, the hyena hair belt is narrow, the hair is short and straight. The tail is thick and long, the tip hair is long, brown yellow.

It inhabits in the open meadow of plateau sub frigid zone and cold frozen semi desert and desert zone with an altitude of 3800-5000m. It feeds on coarse grasses of Gramineae, Cyperaceae and Liliaceae. They mate from July to September every year. They are pregnant for 11 months. Each fetus gives birth to a baby. The baby is sexually mature at 4 years old.

High nosed antelope: a national first-class protected animal. Its snout is obviously extended and swollen. The male has harp like and amber horns, while the female has no horns. Summer hair is generally light yellow; abdomen is white. The winter hair is white, long, thick and soft. It has a nose that's obviously inflated. The tail is short.

It inhabits in desert and semi desert areas. Good sex, gregarious. It feeds on saline shrubs and grasses. They mate in winter and give birth to 1-3 pups per litter. They are born between May and June.

environment disruption

Zhundong area is located in the Junggar Basin in the north of Xinjiang. It is known as the largest integrated coalfield in China. It is about 220 km long from east to west. At present, the accumulated proved reserves are 213.6 billion tons. At present, several domestic power leading enterprises and dozens of domestic coal industry key enterprises are gathered here to engage in the development of coal power and coal chemical industry.

A few years ago, the core part of the coalfield belonged to Xinjiang Kalamaili mountain ungulates nature reserve, which is the most important desert ecosystem and desert ungulates wildlife reserve in Northwest China. At the same time, it also undertakes the important task of restraining the eastward expansion of Gurbantonggut desert, the second largest desert in Xinjiang.

Address: karamaili mountain, jimusar County, Changji Prefecture

Longitude: 89.090431213379

Latitude: 44.870582580566

Tel: 0994-6912613

Chinese PinYin : Ka La Mai Li Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu