Jiading Confucian Temple

The Confucius Temple in Jiading, Shanghai, is located at the south head of fahua tower in the city. It was built in 1219 A.D. in the 12th year of Jiading, Song Dynasty to "regulate Chonghong in other cities". Before liberation, the Confucius Temple suffered from the disaster of war. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of cultural administration twice allocated funds to repair the old buildings. Although the existing building is only 67% of the original, it is still one of the relatively complete Confucian temples in China, and is known as the first in Wuzhong.

The Confucius Temple in Jiading is now the site of Jiading Museum. In front of the gate of Confucius Temple, there are three archways, Yanggao, Yucai and Xingxian. In front of the archway, 72 stone lions are carved on the pillar head of the stone column. The carving is exquisite and the lion's posture is different. Dacheng hall, the main building in the temple, ranks the fourth in China. It was originally built in the first year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty and rebuilt in the first year of Zhishun in the Yuan Dynasty. It is magnificent and magnificent. In front of the hall, there are ancient cypresses planted more than 600 years ago. There are also calligraphy inscriptions of Five Dynasties from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty in the temple. The inscriptions of Huang Tingjian, Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming and Dong Qichang in the corridor beside Danghu academy are especially precious.

Jiading Confucian Temple

Shanghai Jiading Confucius Temple, also known as Xuegong, is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Located at 183 South Street, the south head of fahua tower in Jiading City, it was built in 1219 A.D. in the 12th year of Jiading in Song Dynasty. It is known as the No.1 in Wuzhong. Before liberation, Confucius Temple suffered from the disaster of war. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of cultural administration twice allocated funds to repair the old buildings. Although the existing building is only 67% of the original, it is still one of the relatively complete Confucian temples in China, known as "the first in Wuzhong".

Basic introduction

Jiading Confucius Temple, located in the South Street of Jiading town, Jiading District, was first built in 1219 A.D. in the 12th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is known as "the temple of King Wenxuan" and "the first in Wuzhong".

The Confucius Temple in Jiading was first built in 1219, the 12th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty. In more than 700 years, it has been renovated, rebuilt and added more than 70 times. Now it covers an area of 17 mu, and the temple system includes: Dacheng hall with 5 pillars, platform in front, East and West veranda with 12 pillars, Dacheng gate with 3 pillars and 5 pillars, East and west corner gate with 1 pillar, panchi temple with 1 pillar, stone bridge with 3 pillars, Lingxing gate with 3 pillars; Yanggao, Xingxian and Yucai stone pillar archways with 1 pillar, stone railings with more than 10 meters connecting the archway and stone railings with 72 stone lions on the pillar head, Minghuan temple with 3 pillars, Land Temple with 1 pillar, and ritual gate with 3 pillars There are three couplets in Xiangxian temple and one in Zhongxiao CI. The educational system includes: 5 Ying in Minglun hall, 3 Ying in qianxuan hall and 3 Ying in limen hall.

In the beginning, there were only the main hall and Huacheng hall. In the ninth year of Chunhu reign (1249 A.D.), three archways of "Yanggao", "Xingxian" and "Yucai" were built in front of huangpanchi and shiqiaomen. After 14 years, the hall was rebuilt and named Dacheng hall. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was transformed into the Ming Lun hall.

The Confucius Temple in Jiading is now the Chinese imperial examination Museum. There are five exhibition halls, which respectively introduce the history of the emergence of the imperial examination system, the whole process of the imperial examination, and the examination papers of many top scholars. In the Confucius Temple, there are many famous scholars who became famous after scientific research. Almost all the celebrities since Sui and Tang Dynasties mentioned them. There are many precious historical materials in them. It introduces many stories of scholars, as well as pictures, books, test papers and so on.

Confucius statue place

The hall of Confucius Temple is the place where the statue of Confucius is placed, and there are also the instruments used in the sacrifice of saints, many of which are musical instruments, such as chimes, chimes, guqin, Sheng and Xiao, etc. Around the wall near the beam of the house, there are some stories about Confucius' teaching and the relationship between Confucius and his disciples. There are also statues of Confucius and 72 disciples in the hall.

There is an academy in Confucius Temple, mingshanhu academy, and an examination room imitating Gongyuan examination room. There are some wax statues in it, which vividly show the state of examination taking at that time.

Architectural style description

Finally, there are three stone column archways in front of the gate, two "Xingxian" and "Yucai" in the East and West, which were respectively built in 1249 (the ninth year of song chunku) and 1353 (the thirteenth year of Yuan Zhizheng). The three arch bridges in front of the gate are very similar to those in the Forbidden City, three of which are side by side. On both sides of the gate are inscriptions of Confucius Temple renovation or donated by others, many of which are engraved by successive Jiading county magistrates. The most recent stele was erected by the head of Jiading County in 1991.

The "Yanggao" archway in the middle of the passage is about 9 meters high and has double eaves. It was built in the 14th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1586). Along the archway, there are stone pillars, on which 72 stone lions with different postures are perched, symbolizing the 72 sages of Confucius. The buildings on the same axis as the "Yanggao" archway include Lingxing gate, panchi bridge, Dacheng gate and Dacheng hall. Dacheng hall is the main hall of offering sacrifices to Confucius, with five rooms wide and five rooms deep. It has double eaves, Xieshan and Chongji stone railings. Minglun hall in the east of Dacheng hall is spacious and grand, which is the place of "preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts" in the old times. Although Dacheng hall and Minglun hall were rebuilt in the early Qing Dynasty, they still retain the architectural style of Ming Dynasty. Now there is an "examination room" in the Confucius Temple to introduce the ancient imperial examination system to visitors. In the Ming Dynasty, Taoli garden was opened to the east of the Confucius Temple, and the requirements for the garden construction began. Lu Jufang, wenlaiju, Zhongfang Pavilion and other pavilions were built. They were located in the front half of the Confucius Temple, guichengjiangmen (now the South Gate of Jiading town). Liuguang Temple, which was built in the Tiansheng period of the Northern Song Dynasty, was not conducive to the examination because scholars thought it was an obstacle to the fengshui of the Confucius Temple. So in the Tianshun years, you County ordered to dig earth to build a mountain to block the temple, so it was named Yingkui mountain. Then a large pool was dug to lead the five waterways near the Confucius Temple to the front of the temple. Yingkui mountain is located in the pool, surrounded by green water, known as the "Five Dragons holding beads". This is huilongtan, which has a history of 400 years. The scenery of huilongtan reflects the Confucius Temple, so Jiading Confucius Temple has the beauty of landscape pavilions, which has become a major feature of Jiading.

In front of the gate of the Confucius Temple is a corridor, with Xingxian, Yucai and Yanggao square in the East and the west, with three rooms and four columns. The "Yanggao" archway in the middle of the passage is about 9 meters high and has double eaves. It was built in the 14th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1586).

There are 72 stone lions carved on the top of the pillar. It is a symbol of Confucius. The buildings on the same axis as the "Yanggao" archway include Lingxing gate, panchi bridge, Dacheng gate and Dacheng hall.

The Lingxing gate is a stone pillar with carp carving on the lintel. The entrance is a semicircular panchi, which spans three stone arch bridges. In the middle of the dachengmen gate, there are three stone tablets and stone seats. There are also inscriptions on the walls, recording the deeds of building temples and setting up school fields. There are 12 rooms in the East and West verandas, which used to be the ancestral halls of Minghuan, Mingxian and Xiangxian. Now they are the exhibition rooms of Jiading cultural relics and art works.

Dacheng hall is the main hall of offering sacrifices to Confucius. It has two eaves on the top of the mountain. It is five rooms wide and five rooms deep. It has double eaves on the top of the mountain. It has stone railings on Chongji. It has wood grain painting on purlin and Fang. Although the Ming Lun hall in the east of Dacheng hall was rebuilt in the early Qing Dynasty, it still retains the architectural style of Ming Dynasty. In front of Minglun hall, there is a ceremonial gate and a courtyard. The hall is five rooms wide and three rooms protruding from the Baoxia. It is surrounded by flower walls on both sides to form a small courtyard with osmanthus trees planted on each side. In the east of Minglun hall is Danghu academy, with two entrances in the front and back. It is a ancestral building. Now there is an "examination room" in the Confucius Temple to introduce the ancient imperial examination system to visitors.

There are huilongtan and Yingkui mountain outside the gate. Pines and cypresses, trees and flowers are planted in the temple, which constitute the scenic spots. People in Ming Dynasty listed them as "eight sceneries of Xiangxiang": huilongtan shadow, Yingkui mountain scenery, Dianting Qiaobai, Xiaoxu Shumei, Zhangshi Ninghui, shuangtonglanzhao, Qizhen Hongliang and Jukui dome Pavilion.

Historical evolution

Gao Yansun, the first magistrate of Jiading County, was founded in 1219, the 12th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty. On the left side of the temple, Confucianism was built, and the amount was Huacheng hall. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the scale was small. In the first year of Chunyou (1241), a statue of Confucius was placed in the temple, a pan pool was chiseled, and Xianfang was built. In 1244, he studied Confucianism and changed it into Minglun hall. In the first year of Xianchun (1265), the temple was rebuilt and renamed Dacheng hall. In the second year of Tianli (1329), it was moved to the southeast of Dacheng hall. In the 13th year of Zhizheng (1353), Lingxing gate was built.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the Confucius Temple began to take shape and entered the expansion stage. In the fourth year of Tianshun (1460), the Dacheng hall, two verandas, dachengmen and Minglun hall were rebuilt. Because there is Liuguang temple in the south of the temple, the local scholars thought it was an obstacle to fengshui, and built earth mountain in front of the temple.

Zunjing pavilion was built in the 10th year of Chenghua (1474) of Ming Dynasty, and earth mountain was rebuilt in the 4th year of Zhengde (1509), named Yingkui mountain, and surrounded by water. In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), Chang temple was rebuilt into Qisheng temple. In 1603, the halls were overhauled and five rivers were dredged, including yenujing, tangjiabin, Xinqu, and Nanbei yangshubin. They converged around Yingkui mountain, implying the meaning of "Five Dragons snatching pearls", and named huilongtan.

In the Qing Dynasty, the scale of the Confucius Temple has been determined, and the halls and rooms have been rebuilt several times. In the Xianfeng Period, the Xiaodaohui uprising and the Taiping Army's eastward expedition led to wars, and the Confucius temple buildings were also damaged. In the Tongzhi and Guangxu periods, the Dacheng Hall, Liangwen, Dacheng gate, Lingxing gate, Minghuan temple, Xiangxian temple, Chongsheng temple, etc. were repaired one after another. Reconstruction of Yanggao, Xingxian, Yucai Fang, Kuixing Pavilion in huilongtan.

After Jiading County was transferred to Shanghai in 1958, it was approved by the Municipal People's Committee to repair the Confucius Temple in Jiading. Qiao Shuqi, an engineer of the Municipal Civil Architecture Design Institute, was responsible for the repair design.

In 1959, a stele gallery was built on the back wall of the East veranda on the west side of the courtyard.

In November 1961, Sanfang, lingxingmen, dachengmen, temples on both sides, dongxiwei, dachengmen were restored

Chinese PinYin : Jia Ding Kong Miao