Anping Bridge

Anping Bridge

Anping bridge, formerly known as Wuli bridge, Xiqiao bridge and Anhai bridge, is a bridge connecting Jinjiang City and Nan'an City in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is the longest beam type stone bridge in the middle ancient times in the world and the longest existing harbor big stone bridge in China. It is a masterpiece of ancient bridge architecture and enjoys the reputation of "no bridge in the world is long this bridge".

Anping bridge was first built in 1138 in Shaoxing of Southern Song Dynasty, and was completed and put into use in 1152 in Shaoxing of Southern Song Dynasty. It was rebuilt many times in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In January 1928, Anping bridge was destroyed, and it was rebuilt. In February 1981, Anping bridge was completely renovated. In May 1985, Anping bridge was renovated and completed. At the end of 2007, Anping bridge was rebuilt On July 24, 2009, the emergency reinforcement project of Anping bridge was accepted and put into use.

Anping bridge is located in the bay between Anhai Town of Jinjiang City and Shuitou Town of Nan'an City, which is the hub of water and land transportation between Jinjiang and Nan'an. The geographical coordinates are 24 ° 30 '- 25 ° 56 N and 117 ° 25' - 119 ° 05 e. the bridge starts from Xing'an road in the East, crosses Anhai Bay in the East and ends at Shuitou street in the west, with a total length of 2255m.

Construction process

ancient

In the eighth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1138 AD), the Anping bridge, a stone bridge across the sea, was built under the leadership of the ancestral sect of monks and donated by Huang Hu and Seng Zhilin, but it was not completed because of the huge project. In the 21st year of Shaoxing (1151 AD), Zhao Ling, the prefect of Quanzhou, took charge of the construction of the Anping bridge and Huang Yi continued to build it;

 

In the 22nd year of Shaoxing (1152 AD), the Anping bridge was completed and put into use.

 

In the second year of Yongle (1404) of Ming Dynasty, Liren Huangwei repaired the Anping bridge; in the third year of Tianshun (1459), he swore that minankou would raise funds to repair the Anping bridge, which was the first large-scale maintenance since its completion; in the years of Chenghua and Wanli, the Anping Bridge was rebuilt twice.

 

In the autumn of the third year of Emperor Yongzheng (1725), the mountain torrents soared, and several sections of the Anping bridge were destroyed, and wooden boards were used to build the bridge In 1793, Shi Kaitai and Huang Shiyao rebuilt the Anping bridge; in 1807, Huang Yuanrong advocated the construction of the Anping bridge, with Xu Rulan in the pavilion; in 1808, Huang Yuanli and Shi Jihui continued the construction of the Anping bridge.

 

modern

In 1866, the pavilion was rebuilt in Anping bridge.

 

In 1883, Lin Ruigang, Cai Qichang and others advocated the construction of Anping bridge, and Chen Kai wrote a stele.

 

In June 1901, the Anping bridge was destroyed again. Chen Suoju and others presided over the reconstruction of the Anping bridge.

 

In January of 1928, when the Anping bridge was destroyed, the villagers in the Philippines enthusiastically raised money and entrusted Cai Daoji to Anhai sanyihang to rebuild the Anping bridge.

 

In 1935, the Anping bridge was rebuilt.

 

modern

In 1949, when the Chinese Kuomintang army was defeated, it demolished the bridge slabs of Anping bridge. Later, Wu xiutan donated 176 Changshan trees and replaced them with wooden bridges.

 

In 1957, most of the port roads under the Anping bridge were silted, and some of the bridge decks were only a few feet above the ground.

 

In 1959, there were four typhoons and rainstorms in succession, which caused mountain torrents with a large number of floating objects to fill the holes of Anping bridge, resulting in the collapse of 7 to 9 Bridge Slabs to the west of Xinxing palace. At the end of the year, the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of culture of the people's Republic of China agreed to reinforce and repair the anpingqiao bridge with a special fund of ten thousand yuan. However, due to the large size of the project, there was no technical or labor solution, so the wooden bridge had to be temporarily built for passage.

 

On March 1, 1962, the Ministry of culture of the people's Republic of China, according to the requirements of Fujian Provincial Bureau of cultural relics, sent Luo Zhewen, a researcher of ancient architecture of Fujian Provincial Bureau of cultural relics, and an engineer of the Ministry of communications of the people's Republic of China to Fujian. After investigation and discussion, the preliminary plan for rush repair and restoration of Anping bridge was worked out Fujian Provincial Bureau of culture submitted the "request for instructions on rush repair scheme of Anping bridge" to Fujian Provincial People's Committee, Ministry of culture of the people's Republic of China, cultural relics administration bureau of the Ministry of culture, and Ministry of communications.

 

At the beginning of July 1963, a strong typhoon landed in southern Shanxi and brought heavy rain. The mountain flood at the upper reaches of Zhongting harbor carried a lot of drifts. The wall blocked the Zhongting waterway, and two holes of Anping bridge were washed down. In December, the Fujian Provincial People's Commission approved a grant of 68000 yuan to repair nine piers from pier 7 to pier 16 of xigugang bridge section, which were the most seriously damaged.

 

On June 30, 1964, the repair of Anping bridge was completed. It was found that there were more piers and more holes. No. 10 and No. 11 piers were built in the original position. Therefore, the historical appearance of the section between No. 8 pier and No. 12 pier of Anping bridge was changed.

 

In November 1965, a serious accident of collapsing a pier hole of Anping bridge occurred under the impact of a great tide. After that, a temporary wooden bridge was built for passage.

 

On the morning of July 3, 1973, the section of Anping bridge near Zhongting was washed down by a typhoon. The eight holes of the pier and abutment were 45.5 meters long. The traffic on the bridge deck was completely interrupted. The Anping bridge was not rebuilt in time. The traffic was ferried by several wooden boats built spontaneously by the people of Anhai, which temporarily solved the problem of people's traffic between the two banks.

 

On October 19, 1978, the administration of cultural relics of the people's Republic of China agreed to allocate 70000 yuan to subsidize the repair of Zhongting port, four piers and bridge decks of Anping bridge, the construction of slope protection and the renovation of the surrounding environment of Zhongting. It took half a year to rebuild Anping Bridge.

 

On August 21, 1980, in order to effectively protect the Anping bridge, we strengthened the leadership in the overall maintenance of the bridge. It was decided to establish an "anpingqiao restoration committee" with Duan Yingli, member of the Standing Committee of the prefectural Party committee and Deputy Commissioner of the administrative department as its director.

 

In February 1981, in accordance with the principle of "repairing the old as soon as possible", the Anping bridge was completely renovated according to its original state.

 

In May 1985, the renovation of Anping bridge was completed. A total of 236 damaged piers were repaired, 2252 bridge slabs were hoisted, 726 stone guards were installed, and 18 stone lions were assembled. At the same time, the Shuixin Pavilion and Wanggao building in the east of the bridge, the Haichao nunnery and pailou in the west of the bridge, as well as the rain Pavilion and small stone pagoda in the bridge and other ancillary cultural relics were restored, which reproduced the original appearance of the Song Bridge and restored the piers, On May 7, the Fujian Provincial Department of culture and the Fujian Provincial Cultural Relics Administration Committee organized a meeting on the completion and acceptance of the maintenance of the Anping bridge.

 

In 2007, Quanzhou Municipal government allocated funds for comprehensive reinforcement and maintenance of Anping bridge, and the emergency reinforcement project of Anping bridge began at the end of the year.

 

In early 2008, the emergency reinforcement project of Anping bridge was completed. 29 broken bridge slabs were replaced, 3 piers were strengthened and 35 bridge railings were repaired.

 

On July 24, 2009, Quanzhou administration of cultural relics organized the acceptance of the emergency reinforcement project of Anping bridge.

 

Bridge location

Anping bridge is located in the west of Jinjiang City, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, and the east of Nan'an City. It starts from Xing'an road in the East, crosses anhaitou Bay in the upper, and ends at the intersection of Shuitou street and Binhai Road in the West.

 

Architectural design

building structure

The piers of Anping bridge are made of crisscross granite strips and stones. There are three different forms: rectangular, unilateral ship and bilateral ship. One end of unilateral ship is pointed, and the other end is square, which is set in the place of gentle port road. The two ends of bilateral ship pier are pointed, which is convenient for drainage. It is set in the main port road with rapid and wide flow. A rest Pavilion is built on the bridge, with Shuixin Pavilion at the east end and Haichao nunnery at the west end. Around the middle Pavilion in the middle of the bridge, there are historical bridge inscriptions. In front of the pavilion stands a general who protects the bridge, wears helmets, wears armor, and holds a sword. The sculpture image is majestic. It is a stone carving art of Song Dynasty. In the middle of the three pavilions, there are two rain pavilions. On both sides of the bridge, there are stone guardrails, and the column heads are carved with images of lions and toads There are symmetrical square stone towers and round towers. There is a white tower at the entrance of the bridge, which is hexagonal in plane and hollow.

 

Design parameters

The total length of Anping bridge is 2070 meters, the deck width is 3 to 3.8 meters, and there are 361 piers in total. The bridge deck is paved with 4 to 8 large stone slabs, 5 to 11 meters long, 0.6 to 1 meter wide and 0.5 to 1 meter thick, weighing 4 to 5 tons and the largest 25 tons; five rest pavilions are built on the bridge, and the central Pavilion is 10 meters wide. There are 16 ancient bridge inscriptions preserved around, and two bridge protection generals stand in front of the pavilion

Chinese PinYin : An Ping Qiao