Xiongjiazhong Site Museum

The chariot and horse array of Chu king is the largest, best preserved and most complete cemetery of Chu state in China. It is also an outstanding representative of the highest level of Chu culture in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Qiao Yu, a famous ci writer, called it "terracotta warriors and horses in the north and Xiong family grave in the South".

The chariots and horses array of the king of Chu is located in the northwest of Jinzhou City, 45 kilometers away from the ruins of Ji Nancheng, the former capital of Chu. In August 2006, with the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, archaeologists began to explore and excavate for many times. 132 burial tombs have been found. At present, more than 50 tombs have been excavated, and more than 3000 pieces of jade, crystal, agate and other exquisite cultural relics have been unearthed. Picture from http://bbs.nantaihu.com/read-htm-tid-91027659.html

Xiongjiazhong Site Museum

Xiongjiazhong site museum is located in the northwest of Ji Nancheng site, the former capital of Chu. It is 45 kilometers away from the ancient city of Jingzhou, and is located in Chuandian Town, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City. It is the largest, best preserved and most complete cemetery of Chu in China. It is also an outstanding representative of the highest level of Chu culture in the spring and autumn and Warring States periods. The site is a high-level large-scale cemetery of Chu state in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The grand scale of the main tomb, the prominent identity of the tomb owner, the luxurious chariot and horse lineup, the spacious sacrificial scenes, and the complete layout system are all very rare. In the Chinese cultural and archaeological circles, there is the saying that "there are terracotta warriors and horses in the north and Xiong family tomb in the South", which shows the value of Xiong family tomb.

Since the 1970s, the cemetery has been constantly damaged by nature and man-made (including the destruction of production and construction, the impact of soil erosion, the threat of tomb robbery, etc.), in order to effectively protect this precious historical and cultural heritage, from 1979 to 2001, the archaeologists of Jingzhou Museum carried out three large-scale scientific archaeological investigations and Exploration on the cemetery.

In 1981, the Chu Tomb of xiongjiazhong was designated as a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level.

Development history

In 1979, 1995 and 2001, the cultural relics department of Jingzhou City carried out three large-scale explorations on the tomb.

On November 29, 2005, the State Administration of cultural relics officially approved the rescue archaeological excavation of the chariot pit and part of the sacrificial tombs in xiongjiazhong cemetery. But the excavation time of the main tomb remains to be determined.

In August 2006, Jingzhou archaeologists began to excavate the cemetery in a planned way. In nearly half a year, 282 tombs were explored, covering an area of 28200 square meters.

On December 10, 2008, at the Symposium on xiongjiazhong in Jingzhou, experts unanimously concluded that the owner of xiongjiazhong was a king of Chu.

By 2012, 92 burial tombs have been found in the south of the main tomb, more than 30 have been excavated, and more than 1000 pieces of jade, crystal, agate and other exquisite cultural relics have been unearthed. In addition, there are a few bronzes and pottery. A 131.4-meter-long and 12 meter wide large pit and more than 30 small pits were excavated to the west of the main tomb and the Yi tomb.

On September 12, 2012, the xiongjiazhong site museum, built on the basis of the Chu Tomb of xiongjiazhong, opened on October 1.

Collection

overview

There are 41 sacrificial tombs, 6 sacrificial pits, 6 horse pits and 5 small tombs in xiongjiazhong site museum

Chemacheng and dachemakeng have revealed a total of 164 horses in 43 cars, among which three belong to the "emperor Liucheng" and unearthed more than 2200 sets of various exquisite cultural relics mainly made of jade. Its large-scale main tomb, luxurious chariot pit, distinguished tomb owner and spacious sacrificial scene are comparable to those of the terracotta warriors and horses of the first emperor of Shaanxi. According to the current policy of cultural protection, the emperor's mausoleum is not excavated actively. Therefore, the main tomb and attached tomb have not been moved. Judging from the excavation results of the existing chariot and horse pits and burial tombs, the degree of luxury is amazing.

chariot pit

To the west of the main tomb and the accompanying tomb is the chariot pit, about 134 meters long and 23 meters wide. Among them, No. 1 chemacheng is 132.6 meters long from north to South and 12 meters wide from east to west. In addition to the main car pit, there are more than 30 car pits of different sizes, forming a complete travel vehicle array.

Among them, the No.1 chariot and horse array, more than 130 meters long, is the largest chariot and horse pit found in the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period archaeology. There are 43 chariots and 164 horses buried. The chariots can be divided into ceremonial chariots, combat chariots, baggage chariots and spare parts chariots. They are in good condition. The chariots are composed of wheels, shafts, shafts, weights and weights. The two horses lie on both sides of the shaft with their backs to the side and their heads to the West. In the mouth of the horse, there is a bronze title, the head is covered with gold foil, and the neck is decorated with jade strings, jade pendants and jade ornaments. There are three carriages of the "emperor driving six" level unearthed from the No. 1 chariot and horse array of xiongjiazhong cemetery.

Burial pits for martyrs

On the south side of the main tomb and on the north side of the accompanying tomb, there are more than 100 neatly planned and equally sized funeral tombs. Among them, more than 130 have been found, and the number of people killed exceeds the level of "general doctor". From the excavated burial pits for martyrs, they are all small tombs with rectangular earth pits and vertical cavities. The pit mouth is 4-5m long, 3-4m wide and about 4.5m deep. Among the 11 tombs excavated, human bones and burial utensils are not well preserved. The burial utensils only have traces of gray coffins, one for each coffin. This means that more than 130 people died. There are four rows in each row of the tombs. Before row 16, the cultural relics excavated from the tombs are mainly jade, crystal, agate, pottery and so on, which indicates that the buried objects are concubines, singers, dancers and so on; after row 16, the cultural relics excavated are mainly bronze daggers, hooks, knives and other weapons, which indicates that the buried objects are bodyguards and so on.

The funerary objects are all from the coffin, mainly jade ornaments, which are shaped like Bi, Huang, Huan, Zhu, Guan and long. There are also a small number of small bronze wares, such as hooks, knives and bells. These martyrs in xiongjiazhong cemetery may be self martyred or slain martyred. The pits are arranged in order according to different levels and genders, which is the result of careful planning and burial at the same time. There are a coffin and a coffin in the excavated funeral pits, and there are different burial objects, which shows that the people who died in the funeral have a certain status.

Sacrificial pit

In the West and south of the main tomb, there are about 100 square or circular sacrificial pits and a large number of ground architectural relics.

Site structure

Xiongjiazhong site museum is located in the west hill of Zhangchang village, Chuandian Town, Jingzhou District, covering an area of about 150000 square meters. Xiongjiazhong Chu tomb is the largest, highest standard and most complete Chu senior noble cemetery known in Jingchu. It is also the largest ancient tomb of the same age in China approved by the State Administration of cultural relics. The xiongjiazhong site is mainly composed of the main tomb, the accompanying tomb, the sacrificial tomb, the chariot pit and the sacrificial pit.

Main tomb

The main coffin chamber of xiongjiazhong is of high standard. It is a nearly square wooden coffin tomb with a "a" shaped vertical pit with a sloping passage. The opening of the chamber is 67 meters long from east to west and 70 meters wide from north to south. The pit is more than 15 meters deep. The bottom of the pit is 27 meters long and 25 meters wide. The outer chamber area is about 400 square meters and the surface area of the coffin is 248 square meters. It can be called "No.1 in the world". So far, the area of the tombs of princes and high-grade nobles in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty has not exceeded that of the xiongjia tomb and the landlord tomb. For example, the owner of the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng, which was deeply influenced by the state of Chu, was the king of a country. The outer chamber was a multi chamber structure, with an area of 140.5 square meters, about one third of the area of the outer chamber of the main Tomb of Xiong family. Xiongjiazhong's main tomb has a large scale of soil sealing, which is second to none so far. In the 1950s, the main tomb was more than 100 meters in diameter and nearly 20 meters high. The height of the existing mound is about 4 meters, which is the highest level of nobility tombs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. According to the research, it is the tomb of the king of Chu.

Accompany grave

The accompanying tomb, 36 meters long and 30 meters wide, is located in the north of the main tomb, next to the main tomb. Peizhong is 100 meters long and 1 meter high.

Cultural relics protection

Jingzhou Municipal Party committee and government confirmed and approved by the State Administration of cultural relics, the provincial Party committee and the provincial government. The xiongjiazhong cemetery implements the working idea of "on-site excavation, on-site protection and on-site construction". The construction project of xiongjiazhong cemetery Site Museum has been included in the important cultural support project and the first batch of planning and construction projects of Western Hubei eco-cultural tourism circle. It is a key construction project of Jingzhou national heritage protection area. It was founded in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, on November 25, 2011. Shan Jixiang, director of the State Administration of cultural relics of China, Wang Guosheng, governor of Hubei Province, and other officials unveiled it. Later, it was approved as the National Archaeological Site Park.

Address: Qianxin Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province

Longitude: 112.01814651489

Latitude: 30.610990267029

Chinese PinYin : Xiong Jia Zhong Yi Zhi Bo Wu Guan