Historical evolution
In 1391, Zhu Chun, the king of Shu, made a comprehensive renovation and integration of Wuhou Temple and Han zhaolie temple. The former Wuhou Temple on the west side of Han zhaolie temple was abolished. The statue of Zhuge Liang was moved to the east side of Liu Bei in Han zhaolie temple, and the statues of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were arranged in the West. The officials of Sichuan also accompanied Liu Chen, the king of Beidi, Zhuge Zhan, the son of Zhuge Liang, and Fu Jin, who died fighting at the gate.
In 1671, under the advocacy of CAI Yurong, governor of Sichuan and lake, song Kefa presided over the restoration of Wuhou Temple with the joint contributions of song Kefa, governor of Sichuan, Luo Sen, governor of Sichuan, Zhang Hanhui, governor of Sichuan and Jin Yu, governor of Sichuan.
In 1672, the restoration of Wuhou Temple was completed
.
In 1695, the governor of Sichuan, Yu Yangzhi, replaced some rotten beams, columns and rafters of Wuhou Temple and repaired the collapsed walls in time.
In 1784, the Sanyi Temple of Wuhou Temple was destroyed by fire caused by burning incense.
In 1787, the Sanyi Temple of Wuhou Temple was rebuilt
.
In 1788, Li Shijie, governor of Sichuan Province, ordered Cheng Yu, magistrate of Huayang County, and Huang MI, Chengdu County, to cultivate the temple of marquis Wu.
In 1825, Liu Yuan presided over the renovation of the temple of marquis Wu, removing the statues of Fazheng, Xujing and Liuba in the two verandas (now known as the two verandas of culture and martial arts), as well as the statues of Libiao and Zhanghu in the history. In addition, a stone tablet with a brief description of the characters' deeds was added in front of each statue of wenchenwujiang. The text was refined according to Chen Shou's records in the annals of the Three Kingdoms.
In the 15th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1835), the temple of marquis Wu was repaired by the governor of Sichuan, E Shan.
In 1842, the Sanyi Temple of Wuhou Temple was completely repaired
.
In 1922, Liu Chengxun, the temporary commander-in-chief of Sichuan army, under the persuasion of Chengdu elders, raised money to repair the ancestral temple, and added inscriptions and postscripts to the plaque of "emperor zhaolie Temple of Han Dynasty" on the gate of the temple that Liu Yuan replaced, which became "Liu Chengxun, the 48 generation grandson of emperor zhaolie Temple of Han Dynasty", boasting that Liu Bei was later
.
After 1949, the Chinese government took over the Wuhou Temple from the abbot daoren and made it a historical site open to the public and charged tickets.
In the 1950s, Wuhou Temple was merged with the southern suburb park (the cemetery built in the Republic of China to commemorate Liu Xiang, the general of Sichuan army in the Anti Japanese War).
In the 1970s, Wuhou Temple was separated from the southern suburb park, and each became a cultural tourism landscape for the public to visit.
In 1984, the Wuhou Temple Museum in Chengdu was established on the original site of Wuhou Temple.
In 1997, the area of Wuhou Temple increased.
In 1998, Sanyi Temple of Wuhou Temple was relocated from Tidu street to Wuhou Temple
.
In 2003, in order to protect and make good use of the cultural heritage of the Three Kingdoms, the Chengdu municipal government decided to merge Wuhou Temple with Nanjiao park
.
In 2008, the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake caused partial damage to the ancient buildings of Wuhou Temple
.
Architectural features
Wuhou Temple originally refers to the temple dedicated to Zhuge Liang beside Liu Bei's Hui mausoleum. After continuous renovation and integration in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it eventually became a complex composed of Han zhaolie temple, Wuhou Temple, Hui mausoleum and Sanyi temple. It belongs to the cultural heritage protection area of Chengdu Wuhou Temple Museum. It is the first integration of historical and cultural relics of the Three Kingdoms in Chengdu in history
.
Wuhou Temple covers an area of 150000 square meters (230 mu). It is composed of three parts: cultural heritage protection area (Han zhaolie temple, Wuhou Temple, Huiling, Sanyi Temple), cultural experience area (Western District, former southern suburb park) and Jinli folk custom area. It has the honor of "holy land of the Three Kingdoms"
.
Main buildings
Zhaolie Temple of Han Dynasty
The zhaolie Temple of Han Dynasty has a hard mountain roof, which is divided into two rooms by the center pillar. The gate is open in the middle, with four gold characters "Han zhaolie Temple" engraved on a large vermilion plaque. On the left and right sides of the gate, there is a stone lion of Ming Dynasty. It is located outside the central axis of the gate, and there is a Zhaobi, with banyan trees on both sides of the Zhaobi
.
Wen Chen Wu Jiang Gallery
In the East-West corridor in front of the hall of Liu Bei, there are 28 statues of Shu Han literati and generals. The East corridor is called wenchenlang, and it is headed by Pang Tong, who is called Fengchao. There are 14 people (Pang Tong, Jian Yong, Lu Kai, Fu Yi, Fei Yi, Dong He, Deng Zhi, Chen Zhen, Jiang Wan, Dong Yun, Qin MI, Yang Hong, Ma Liang, Cheng Ji). The west corridor is a military general corridor, headed by Zhao Yun, who has both wisdom and courage, and has 14 people (Zhao Yun, sun Qian, Zhang Yi, Ma Chao, Wang Ping, Jiang Wei, Huang Zhong, Liao Hua, Xiang Chong, Fu Jin, Ma Zhong, Zhang Yi, Zhang Nan, Feng Xi). The costumes of the figures are mainly borrowed from the operas of the Qing Dynasty. In front of each statue stands a stone tablet describing his life story
.
Liu Beidian
Liu Bei hall is located in the north of the first courtyard. It forms a complete quadrangle building with the corridors of military officers and generals in the East and West and the two doors in the south. Liubei hall is a traditional single eaves Xieshan style building with seven rooms in width and four frames in depth. The bow on the front eaves is carved with the auspicious animal pattern painted with gold, which is exquisitely made. There is a plaque on the top of the gate, which is written by Wu Ying, governor of Sichuan Province during the reign of Emperor Kangxi. It means "the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the good minister, the model of the ages"
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The statue of Liu Bei in the middle of the main hall is the tallest one in the whole temple. The statue is 3 meters high, covered with gold, with nine crowns and two hands. Around the waiters, a hand of national jade seal, a hand of Shangfang sword. Liu Bei's posthumous title "emperor zhaolie of Han Dynasty" is written on the memorial tablet in front of the statue, which fully reflects the hierarchical concept of respect and inferiority. Both sides of the main hall are close to the East and west side halls. The east side hall is the statue of Guan Yu, his sons Guan Ping, Guan Xing and their ministers Zhao Lei and Zhou Cang; the west side hall is the statue of Zhang Fei, his sons Zhang Bao and sun Zhang Zun. Except Zhou Cang is a character of romance, the rest are real in history
.
ZhuGeliang Hall
Zhugeliang hall is a very traditional temple building, which is surrounded by six groups of buildings, including hall, East chamber, west chamber, bell tower, Drum Tower and Kongming hall, with a total construction area of 1588 square meters
. The hall is spacious and open, with 5 rooms in width and 2 frames in depth. It has a rectangular plane and a beam type wooden structure. Its area is only half of that of Liubei hall. In front of the hall, there are stone steps, plain stone railings and carved animals on the pillar; in front of the hall, there are 8 eaves pillars with carved bows. Cobweb lattice doors are set between the pillars to distinguish the inside and outside; the terrain is slightly higher, which adds a sense of solemnity to the hall
. The roof is a single eaves Xieshan style roof, the cornice is tilted, the middle pile is flame pearl, Erlong Xizhu, and the waist flower is decorated with Maitreya Buddha. In the Ming Dynasty, the phoenix pattern four legged incense burner was placed in front of the hall. A pair of money holding boys were cast on the top of the burner mouth, which was vivid. The two corners of the hall are the bell tower and the drum tower
.
Zhuge Liang statue in a shrine, hanging "Jingyuan hall" plaque, express Zhuge Liang life sentiment. The statue was made in 1672, the 11th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. Zhuge Liang, with a feather fan in his hand, a silk scarf on his head and a crane cloak on his body, has a refined manner, which is quite famous for his generation. On both sides of the statue, there is a bookboy, a Book of war and a sword. On both sides of the statue are statues of Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan and grandson Zhuge Shang
.
Sanyi Temple
Sanyi temple, originally known as Sanyi temple, was built by Sichuan governor Zheng Jiaolin in the early years of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. The buildings and plaques are mainly the remains of Daoguang period (1821-1850). Its building is a mixed structure, covering an area of 569 square meters, with four buildings and five halls, which is of great scale. After the gradual collapse, only a small number of buildings are still in good condition
Chinese PinYin : Han Zhao Lie Miao
