China abacus Museum

China abacus Museum

China abacus Museum, opened on December 6, 2004, was approved by the general office of the State Council at the end of December 2007. The museum is located in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, on the Bank of Haohe river. It is jointly built by Nantong Municipal People's government and China Abacus Association. It is the largest abacus Museum in the world.

The Museum covers an area of 30 mu, with a construction area of 6000 square meters. It has more than 10000 pieces of abacus cultural relics and historical materials. It is the largest abacus Museum in the world.

The main building of the museum is novel, unique and well arranged. It is divided into three parts: Bogu Jianjin Museum (exhibition hall), Kaixin Qizhi Garden (children's abacus mental arithmetic school) and riverside custom area (landscape). It integrates the functions of exhibition, research, teaching, communication, tourism, etc. The Haohe river around the city is known as the "emerald necklace around a girl's neck", among which the abacus Museum of China has become the most dazzling pearl.

Composition of the library

Nantong abacus museum was built and opened in December 2004. It is composed of three parts: abacus exhibition hall, academic lecture hall and children's abacus mental arithmetic training base. It integrates the functions of exhibition, research, teaching, communication and tourism.

Related cultural relics

There are more than 4000 volumes of historical materials and classics in the library, many of which are rare books in the history of abacus. There are more than 2000 abacus tools in different shapes in China, Japan, India, Russia, Malaysia and other countries in different historical periods.

Library functions

Platform for exhibition and education: when you step up to the exhibition hall, the exquisite exhibits, simple colors and rich cultural atmosphere make you feel the long history and profound details of abacus in the evolution of time and space, the blend of history and future, understand the status and role of abacus in social and economic development, marvel at the beauty of abacus products, and see the impact of abacus on the world The great contribution of world civilization. There are abacus history hall, abacus boutique hall and red sandalwood abacus hall in the museum. Abacus history Hall shows the long history and profound details of Chinese abacus through its exquisite exhibits and simple colors; abacus boutique hall displays ancient and modern abacus of different sizes, shapes and textures, which makes the audience feel the beauty of Chinese abacus boutiques and the profound abacus culture; the giant red sandalwood abacus with simple shape and unique structure in the red sandalwood abacus hall is made of integrated abacus The combination of craftsmanship and red sandalwood shows the brilliance of Chinese traditional culture to the world.

Nantong children's abacus mental arithmetic school, adjacent to the exhibition hall, is a base for learning and scientific research. It has spacious and bright classrooms, advanced multimedia teaching system, and a competition hall for 200 people. It is also the training base for children's abacus mental arithmetic of China Abacus Association.

A place for tourism and Leisure: in the museum area, you can walk along the "riverside trail" and enjoy the beautiful scenery on both sides of Haohe River; you can also rest in the "Yinyue Lake" and enjoy the leisure of fishing after the rain; you can also sit in the "Xinyi Pavilion" and enjoy the essence of life with a cup of tea.

At the end of October 2008, the National Tourism Administration issued a document approving the abacus Museum of China to be promoted to the national AAAA scenic spot, adding a beautiful scenery to the huanhaohe scenic spot in Nantong.

architectural composition

（1） Shi Hai Lan Yao Hall shows the development process of Chinese abacus from the five stages of germination, formation, development, maturity and popularization of abacus, so that the audience can feel the long history and profound details of Chinese abacus in the evolution of time and space.

（2） Special topic selection Hall

1. Trade and industry exhibition area: it shows the important role of abacus in promoting economic development and social progress.

2. Sea crossing exhibition area: it reproduces the process of spreading Chinese abacus to all over the world and its influence on world culture.

3. Carry on the past and open up the future exhibition area: it shows that the party and state leaders attach great importance to the abacus cause after the founding of new China, and the establishment of China Abacus Association has promoted the vigorous development of abacus cause.

4. The historical review and Prospect of Abacus Education in China.

（3） Abacus boutique Hall - a collection of all kinds of abacus boutiques at all times and in all over the world, let us feel the profound abacus culture.

（4） Red sandalwood abacus hall is a giant red sandalwood abacus with simple shape and unique structure. It integrates abacus making and red sandalwood craft, and shows the brilliance and brilliance of Chinese traditional culture to the world.

The origin of abacus

Abacus is a great creation of the ancient working people in China. However, due to the lack of historical data, there are different opinions on when it originated. According to the existing historical data of abacus, we can draw the following conclusions

1、 It originated in Shang and Zhou dynasties. Abacus is a counting element with beads, arranged in a certain way to represent numbers, and then calculated according to the five liter decimal principle. At least 3000 years ago, the Shang Dynasty in China had a complete 10 system. The earliest round bead found for calculation is the pottery pill of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, the germination of abacus can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou dynasties more than 3000 years ago.

2、 It began in Qin and Han Dynasties. The earliest word "abacus" appeared in the book of Shu Shu Ji Yi written by Xu Yue in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The book records a total of 14 kinds of algorithms and tools before the Han Dynasty in China, namely, Jisuan, Taiyi, Liangyi, Sancai, Wuxing, Bagua, Jiugong, Yunyuan, Liaozhi, Chengshu, Baotou, Guisuan, zhusuan and Suan. It is a record of "abacus" method, the original is: "abacus: control with four, longitude and latitude three just." This "abacus" is called "swimming abacus", which is different from the abacus used, but its calculation principle is five liter decimal system, so it can be regarded as the predecessor of modern abacus.

Ziyu abacus

3、 It was formed in the Tang and Song dynasties. When did the abacus that we use today begin to appear? According to the existing historical data, the abacus had been used in Song Dynasty at the latest.

Historical data 1: Julu counts beads. In 1108, the second year of song Huizong's grand view, the old city of Julu County in Hebei Province was annihilated by the flood of the Yellow River. In July 1921, the former Beiping National Museum of history sent personnel to excavate the former site of Sanming temple in Julu. They found more than 200 wooden tables, bowls, pots, inkstones, go pieces and abacus plates in the ground floor of Wang and Dong's former residence. Among them, one abacus bead was excavated. The bead is wooden, flat and round, similar in size to the abacus bead commonly used today, but only slightly flat. This abacus bead is now unearthed by the Beijing Museum of history Collection.

Historical data 2: Qingming River map. The picture of the river at Qingming Festival is a famous work of Zhang Zeduan, a great painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. This painting vividly reproduces the real life, production, commercial trade, market towns and rural areas of the people in Bianjing city of Tokyo at that time. Near the end of the picture, which is the far left end of the picture, there is an abacus on the counter of a pharmacy called "Zhao Taicheng's family".

Although Qingming Riverside painting originated in Song Dynasty, the abacus in this painting must have appeared long before the painting was completed. Fifty three years before the Northern Song Dynasty was a period of Five Dynasties and ten states with frequent wars. Under the circumstances of social unrest and people's livelihood, what kind of development of science and technology could we talk about? Therefore, it can be inferred that the abacus in Qingming Shanghe Tu appeared before the end of Tang Dynasty.

Abacus story

Mao Zedong skillfully uses abacus Proverbs

On April 19, 1958, Chairman Mao Zedong summoned Zhu Lian, Vice Minister of the Ministry of health, in "Xiaodao", Guangzhou. In the conversation, Zhu chain said: "in terms of traditional Chinese medicine work, it used to be fixed plate beads. It's basically different. It's abacus beads." Zhu's words were very interesting. Chairman Mao was curious: "what are the fixed and abacus beads?" Zhu chain said: "fixed plate bead is you dial it also does not move, abacus bead is not dial does not move, a dial on the move. The work of the Ministry of health is very heavy, but some of it seems to be very passive. " Chairman Mao laughed. He drew an abacus with his right hand and said, "by the way, the Ministry of health is a bit passive in its work. They are not confident enough to eliminate the four evils Abacus beads do not move, a move. Good. Let's all dial. "

Zhou Enlai doesn't throw away his abacus

From 5:30 pm to 9:10 pm on October 14, 1972, Premier Zhou met with Dr. and Mrs. Li Zhengdao, a Chinese American physicist, in the West Hall of the Great Hall of the people. During the conversation, Premier Zhou asked Dr. Li about computers in the United States. Dr. Li first answered the questions and then said, "our ancestors in China created the best computers very early, that is, the abacus that is still in use throughout the country." Premier Zhou had a long feeling for Dr. Li's answer, and told the central comrades present that the abacus is regarded as a classic saying by the abacus circles: "tell the following, don't throw away the abacus. It's the most dangerous for monkeys to eat peaches." His instruction of "don't throw away the abacus" has become a great power to encourage and encourage Chinese abacus industry to actively explore and develop abacus business.

Chen Yunxing's ambition

At about 10:00 a.m. one day in November 1976, Comrade Chen Yun came to visit the exhibition in Yuquan Park, Hangzhou. When he came to the hall beside Yuquan fish pond, he saw an accountant working on an abacus. He went over and kindly asked the accountant to let him have a try. Comrade Chen Yun sat down, stirred the abacus with great interest, and began to tap the abacus

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Guo Zhu Suan Bo Wu Guan