Guoyu Village

Guoyu Village

Guoyu village, Beiliu Town, Yangcheng County,

Located 300 meters south of the imperial prime minister's residence in AAAAA tourist attraction, it is a "famous historical and cultural village of China" and a castle like village at the foot of Taihang Mountain. The city is a unique architectural complex of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is praised as "the treasure of Chinese folk houses" by Luo Zhewen, the leader of ancient architecture. It is also known as "the first city in rural China".

Guoyu village is also the former residence of Zhang Pengyun, governor of Shuntian in Ming Dynasty, Zhang Ersu, Minister of criminal justice in Qing Dynasty, and the new residence of the rich merchant Wang in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. It is also the place where Chen Tingjing, a Bachelor of wenyuange in Qing Dynasty, grew up. There are 15 Jinshi and 18 Juren in past dynasties. Folk proverb "Guoyu three Zhuang up and down, scholar two thousand five.".

Guoyu village has a long history. Guoyu village was first built in the early Tang Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Guoyu was called Li. In the Qing Dynasty, it was also called Zhen. In 1917, guoyuli was changed into Guoyu village.

Guoyu village has a large scale and complete structure. The ancient buildings of the village cover an area of 180000 square meters. There are city walls, city buildings, official mansions, residential houses, temples, ancestral halls, shops and workshops, garden gardens, gatehouses and shadow walls, water wells, ruins and so on. The present Guoyu city site was built in 1638 to defend against the peasant uprising forces such as Gao Yingxiang, Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong and so on. The city is narrow from east to west, and long from north to south. It is 400 meters from north to south, 300 meters from east to west, 12 meters high, 5.3 meters wide, and 1400 meters around the city. The castle has three gates, one east water gate and ten enemy towers. On the wall of Guoyu, there are more than 600 caves with three layers, which have both residential and defensive functions. Therefore, the wall of Guoyu is also known as "honeycomb wall".

Most of the buildings in Guoyu are built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The existing traditional courtyards remain unchanged in architectural pattern, form, materials and technology. The overall design and construction are all made by local craftsmen, which is the true embodiment of the local architectural cultural tradition.

brief introduction

Guoyu city is located in Guoyu village, 21 kilometers east of Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province. Guoyu village was named as "famous historical and cultural village of Shanxi Province" by Shanxi Provincial People's Government in 2003, listed as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council in June 2006, and named as China's famous historical and cultural village by the state in June 2007.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the village had a prosperous literary style and a large number of talented people, including 18 Juren and 15 Jinshi. In addition, with the development of Commerce and trade, the construction of residential buildings became prosperous. There are still more than 1100 well preserved Ming Dynasty houses. Most of the gatehouses in the courtyards are of high-rise brand style, with overlapping brackets, gorgeous style and high grade. Most of the dwellings are quadrangles, which is the typical "four big and eight small" pattern in northern China.

The villagers are simple and honest, and there are still people who can spin floats, looms, mills, carts, plows and harrows in their daily life. Some residents still keep the custom of burning incense to worship Buddha and praying for gods and ancestors. There were more than 20 temples built in the village. The most well preserved one is the Tangdi temple, which is a nine Bay hall. The Yuan Dynasty stage with flying eaves and corners in the temple is more than 20 meters high and magnificent, which is rare in China.

Guoyu city wall for defense is a rare honeycomb city wall in China. It was built in the 11th year of Chongzhen reign of Ming Dynasty. It is 20 meters high, 5 meters wide and more than 1400 meters long. Located in the center of the city, Yulou is 15 meters long, 7.5 meters wide and 30 meters high, with seven floors. It was built in the 13th year of Chongzhen reign of the Ming Dynasty. It is also a military defense building. There is a fort on the city wall, and there is a tunnel inside the city leading to the outside of the city.

At the end of last century, Mr. Luo Zhewen, a famous Chinese cultural relic expert, wrote an inscription for Guoyu: "the treasure of Chinese folk houses, Guoyu village, a high battlement city.".

In this mountain village of 500 or 600 households, there were 18 Juren and 15 Jinshi in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the Confucian concept of etiquette was embodied in the architecture of the village and residence, which has profound cultural heritage and high historical and cultural value. Guoyu village is also a well-known well-off village with a total industrial and agricultural output value of more than 70 million yuan.

Guoyu ancient city is a castle built in the early Tang Dynasty at the foot of Taihang Mountain. The castle is surrounded by mountains and rivers, the walls are magnificent, and the battlements stand at the head of the city. With towering buildings, strict ancient temples, luxurious official houses and elegant dwellings, Yulou is a unique ancient architectural complex in rural China. There are 40 houses in the Ming Dynasty; the honeycomb wall built in the 11th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty is 20 meters high, 5 meters wide and 1400 meters long; the Tangdi temple built in the Yuan Dynasty still has a 20 meter high cantilevered stage and a rare nine Bay hall. Famous experts and scholars all over the country have highly appraised the existing ancient buildings in Guoyu village.

The prosperity of Guoyu in the past was created by the outstanding ancients. Guoyu has always been cultivated and studied. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 15 Jinshi, 18 Juren and more than 50 Gongsheng in Guoyu village. Guoyu was known as "official servant, governor, Imperial Academy, Taiwan Province, supervisor and order keeper".

In a mountain village with hundreds of families, there were so many prominent figures that we can see the prosperity of Humanities at that time. They have built their own homes that can express their identity, status, wealth and value. Up to now, there are 40 well preserved courtyards and 1100 houses, most of which can be connected. There are a large number of tall gate buildings, two-story houses with wooden structure, and all kinds of brick carvings, wood carvings, shadow walls, plaques, couplets, street shops, alleys, and tablet inscriptions are all over the city.

history

Guoyu City: according to the inscriptions, Guoyu village was ravaged by bandits several times in the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632) of the Ming Dynasty, and villagers were slaughtered. In 1638, in order to defend the peasant uprising army, the village gentry built Guoyu city. Construction started on the 17th day of the first lunar month and was completed in October. The city is 12 meters high, 5.3 meters wide, 1400 meters around and 179000 square meters inside. There are 450 battlements, 3 East, North and West gates, 1 East water gate, 10 enemy towers, 18 Wopu, and wooden pavilions at the corner. In order to assist the city wall, additional caves were built, which made it easy to live and defend. The kiln has three storeys and 628 eyes in total, so it is called honeycomb city. These caves have the function of storing weapons, grain, medicinal materials and soldiers in wartime. They have the function of preventing fire attack more than ordinary dwellings, which reflects the wisdom of City builders. There are dozens of iron cannons on the wall. Most of the residents in the city were built in the late Ming Dynasty. There is a seven storey Yulou in the center of the city, which is very eye-catching.

After more than 300 years of wind and rain, the walls of Guoyu city were dilapidated. When fan Yueting was the village head in the Republic of China, he carried out large-scale maintenance of the city wall. After the maintenance, the enemy tower was majestic, the pheasant wall was neat, and the city could be accessed by horse. During the land reform, urban kilns were distributed to individual villagers.

Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the villagers have built houses, built public buildings in the village, demolished the bricks and stones of the city walls, and Guoyu city has been seriously damaged. In 1994, the village invested 300000 yuan to repair a section of the city wall on the right side of the east gate and the Kuixing Pavilion and Bodhisattva Pavilion on the city. Guoyu city is now a municipal key cultural relics protection unit.

Guoyu is not only brilliant in ancient times, but also a well-known well-off village in Jincheng City, with a total industrial and agricultural output value of more than 70 million yuan. In the past ten years, more than 600000 trees have been planted by the elderly in canglongling, which has been praised by the province and the city for many times. Guoyu people are determined to tap the historical and cultural heritage created by their ancestors and develop tourism. With its unique ancient buildings and profound cultural heritage, Guoyu ancient village will give visitors special and beautiful enjoyment.

From the middle of Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, there were 18 Juren and 15 Jinshi in Guoyu. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were "officials and ministers, governors and governors, Hanlin, Taiwan Province, supervisors and order keepers" According to the annals of Yangcheng County written by Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty, "although Yangcheng is a small place, it was also a source of humanities." According to statistics, in the history of Yangcheng, there were 123 Jinshi (including 3 Wujinshi), ranking among the top three counties in Shanxi. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 63 Jinshi, ranking first in Shanxi Province, among which 15 were from Guoyu village.

In 1709 A.D., Cai Zhanyu wrote the records of Guoyu town officials inscribed with stone: "since the song and Yuan Dynasties, my hometown has been unknown, from the Ming Dynasty to the present, it is full of Humanities and ranks first in succession. During this period, Qiao Zi's heel was glorious, and the calyx was shining. He either built his teeth to open a mansion, or settled down in Ji Dian; he was in charge of the second autumn Cao, but he washed away his grievances; he went in and out of the Ming Dynasty, but he was honored to stay in the history of Dan; he was admonished by Taiyuan, but the mountains were shaking; he was defeated by waitai, but he made great achievements by xianbang. As far as Yan Gong and Deng Yong were concerned, they had a meeting in Southern Hebei that had not been held for more than 400 years. Wen De Jia Mo, however, went straight to Shao Yi Lu. " At the end of Ming Dynasty, there was Zhang Haogu, a three Jinshi in Guoyu village, and Zhang Pengyun's family was a "grandson brother Kejia".

In 1646 A.D., in Yangcheng County, there was "ten phoenixes crowing together", among which was Zhang Ersu of Guoyu village, who later served as the left servant of the Ministry of punishment. In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658 A.D.) of Qing Dynasty, Chen Tingjing passed the examination of Jinshi.

He has successively served as secretary of the Imperial College, Secretary of the Imperial College, Bachelor of cabinet, Minister of rites and officials, censor of zuodou, Minister of work and punishment, senior scholar of wenyuange and Minister of officials. Chen Tingjing has been an official for more than 50 years. He edited shizuzhang emperor's memoir, taizongwen emperor's memoir, Jiangu collection, huangyubiao, Ming history, Kangxi dictionary, Kangxi CI Pu, Kangxi QUPU, peiwenyunfu and other books. In his later years, he made 50 volumes of Wuting Wenbian. In this way, Guoyu village has made an indelible contribution to the development of Chinese culture. Guoyu Village

Chinese PinYin : Guo Yu Cun