Suzakumon

The rosefinch gate is the South Gate of the imperial city of Tang Dynasty. It is named because the rosefinch in the four statues represents the south. Under the door is Zhuque street in the center of the city. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, emperors often held celebrations here. In the third year of Zhenguan (629), Xuanzang left Chang'an and went out of Liangzhou in order to obtain the Sutra. He went west alone along the Silk Road through Yumenguan pass. He went through all kinds of difficulties and dangers on his way. Finally, after four years and crossing several ten countries, he arrived at nalandao temple in Tianzhu (today's India). In 645, Xuanzang returned to Chang'an and brought back 657 Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures. Fang Xuanling, the Prime Minister of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, welcomed Xuanzang. The ceremony was held at ZhuQueMen. At that time, the magnificent rosefinch gate was the main gate of the Imperial City, that is, the South Gate of the emperor's entrance and exit.

Suzakumon

Rosefinch gate was once the South Gate of Chang'an Imperial City in Sui and Tang Dynasties. It was named because the rosefinch in the four elephants represented the south. Under the gate is Zhuque street, the central axis of Chang'an City in Sui and Tang Dynasties, which was called "Tianmen Street" in Tang Dynasty.

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, emperors often held celebrations here.

In 589 ad, Yang Guang, king of the Sui and Jin Dynasties, and Yang Su, Minister of the Sui and Jin Dynasties, captured Chen Shubao, empress Chen, and destroyed the state of Chen, ending the division between the north and the south in the northern and Southern Dynasties and realizing the unification of the world. On the day when ban Shi returned to the imperial court, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty Yang Jian "personally controlled ZhuQueMen Lao to return to the imperial court. Because of the celebration and reward, he lined up a line of cloth and silk from outside the gate, which reached Nanguo and was awarded by this time, which cost more than three million pieces.". ZhuQueMen witnessed the unification of the world, and thus opened the prelude of prosperity in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

In the third year of Zhenguan (629), Xuanzang left Chang'an and went out of Liangzhou in order to obtain the Sutra. He went west alone along the Silk Road through Yumenguan pass. He went through all kinds of difficulties and dangers on his way. Finally, after four years and crossing several ten countries, he arrived at nalandao temple in Tianzhu (today's India). In 645, Xuanzang returned to Chang'an and brought back 657 Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures. Fang Xuanling, the Prime Minister of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, welcomed Xuanzang. The welcoming ceremony was held at the Zhuque gate, the main gate of the imperial city of the Tang Dynasty.

In 2001, Shaanxi Bureau of cultural relics renovated the city wall and surveyed the Zhuque gate as five gateways,

Like Danfeng gate and Mingde gate, it is the highest level five gate road.

Today's Zhuque gate of the Ming city wall is located in the west of Yongning gate. Nanguangji street is inside the gate, and Zhuque street is still prosperous outside the gate. When the city wall was repaired in 1985, the ZhuQueMen site of Sui and Tang Dynasties was found, so the ZhuQueMen site was reopened on the west side of the site.

The style remains the same

Old but fresh "South Gate"

On the south wall of Xi'an today, there are six gates from west to East, and the rosefinch gate is located in the west of the south gate. Standing on the Zhuque gate, looking down, inside the gate is dabaoji lane, connecting nanguangji street; outside the gate is the wide Zhuque street, with rolling traffic and crowded people. The antique buildings inside the gate are also full of Tang Dynasty flavor, but the high-rise buildings outside are full of modern flavor, as if the dialogue between history and today.

The Xuanwumen site, also named after the above ancient beasts, now has only a stone base and a mound of earth covered with weeds in the trees, while the rosefinch gate stands tall, adding a bit of ancient flavor to the heavy ancient city wall.

Rosefinch is one of the four images in traditional culture, and one of the so-called "four spirits of heaven" in Sanfu Huangtu. Since the Yin and Shang Dynasties, it has been the god beast representing the Yan Emperor and the southern Qisu. After the rise of the theory of five elements, its symbolic meaning has been more bingding and summer.

Many people think it is a phoenix or a kind of Phoenix, but in fact, rosefinch is very different from Phoenix, and rosefinch, as one of the four spirits in the sky and the four stars, is more noble than Phoenix, one of the four spirits in the book of rites.

Although the name of the rosefinch gate is full of mysterious meaning in ancient times, it is a new thing on the city wall. ZhuQueMen gate of Chang'an City in Tang Dynasty is the South Gate of the imperial city. It was built in the early Sui Dynasty and was closed at the end of Tang Dynasty when Chang'an city was rebuilt. During the war in the late Tang Dynasty, Han Jian, who was appointed as the governor of the national army, rebuilt Chang'an City, abandoned the palace city and Waiguo City, and only retained the imperial city. For the sake of security, he closed some gates of the Imperial City, and the rosefinch gate was also closed. Since then, the rosefinch gate has never been opened again until more than one thousand years later, in 1986, the rosefinch gate was reopened. The rosefinch gate has become one of the most important gates on the south city wall.

Unique location

Located in the central axis and straight to "Tianjie"

Some people say that Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, has the most rigorous layout in the world. From the map of 108 square of Chang'an City in Tang Dynasty, we can clearly see that ZhuQueMen is the main gate of the south wall of the Imperial City, Mingde gate is the main gate of the whole south wall of Chang'an City, and the ZhuQueMen Street (also known as ZhuQueMen Street) between them is the central axis of Chang'an City, and it is also the dividing line between Wannian county and the east-west division of Chang'an County. The name of Zhuque street is just because of Zhuque gate.

The site of ZhuQueMen has been covered by the city wall. In 1963, the excavation team of Xi'an Tang City, Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, detected the site of Tangmen cave 50 meters east of the present ZhuQueMen. The width of ZhuQueMen is about 40 meters, and the west of the site has been destroyed. Zhang Yonglu said: "according to the conjecture of Chengtian gate and Mingde gate, the Zhuque gate should have five openings. Most of the city gates in Tang Dynasty had three openings, and the Zhuque gate had five openings, which also reflected its importance. At that time, the building volume of the towers was very large, much larger than the arrow tower on the wall of Xi'an. As the South Gate of the Imperial City, there must be a tall and magnificent gate tower on the rosefinch gate. " Among the gates of Chang'an City in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Zhuque gate, the South Gate of Waiguo city and the South Gate of Daming Palace are five gate gates.

ZhuQueMen is called ZhuQueMen street when it reaches Mingde gate in the south, and chengtianmen street when it reaches chengtianmen in the north. Han Yu has a famous poem: "the light rain in Tianjie is as crisp as crisp, the color of grass is far away but not near." It has always been controversial about what "Tianjie" in the poem refers to. Some people say that Tianjie should be the abbreviation of ZhuQueMen street, while others think it is the abbreviation of chengtianmen street. Professor Zhang Yonglu thinks that chengtianmen street is also called "Tianjie" because it leads directly to the Taiji palace where the feudal emperors lived and dealt with the imperial affairs; and ZhuQueMen street is also called "Tianmen Street" because it leads to the gate of the imperial palace. Therefore, the Tianjie in Han Yu's poems should refer to chengtianmen street, which is called "Tianjie". Ordinary people can't enter, but government officials can. Han Yu's poems brought the common people into the Tianjie of Tang Dynasty. The light rain in spring moistens everything, which is not only the scene of Tianjie, but also the scene of Chang'an. In addition to Han Yu's poems, Du Mu also has a sentence that "the streets are as cool as water at night". It can be seen that officials can stay here when they are on duty.

Witness history

How much glory and romance has it witnessed

Although today's rosefinch gate is only a brand new opening opened in the 1980s, it is famous in history. Hiragi, today's Nara, is the first capital built by Japan to imitate Chang'an of Tang Dynasty. It is the rosefinch gate, which serves as the main gate of hiragi palace.

The glory of history

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, emperors often held celebrations here.

In 589 ad, Yang Guang, who was still king of Jin Dynasty, and Yang Su, Minister of Jin Dynasty, led 500000 troops to attack Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), captured Chen Shubao, the empress of Chen Dynasty, destroyed the state of Chen, ended the division between the north and the south in the northern and Southern Dynasties, and realized the unification of the world. On the day when ban Shi returned to the imperial court, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty Yang Jian "personally controlled ZhuQueMen Lao to return to the imperial court. Because of the celebration and reward, he lined up a line of cloth and silk from outside the gate, which reached Nanguo and was awarded by this time, which cost more than three million pieces.". ZhuQueMen witnessed the unification of the world, and thus opened the prelude of prosperity in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The pace of history never stops, and the weather of the prosperous Tang Dynasty unfolds one by one. From the Sui Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, when the dynasties changed, ZhuQueMen still stood tall. It took master Xuanzang 18 years to go to India to learn Buddhist scriptures. After experiencing all the vicissitudes, master Xuanzang finally returned to the Tang Dynasty. Fang Xuanling, the Prime Minister of Tang Taizong school, came to meet him. When the people in Chang'an heard that master Xuanzang had retrieved the Sutra, they all excitedly passed on the news. The road more than 20 miles outside the Zhuque gate was full of welcoming people. It is said that the Buddhist scriptures and statues brought back by the master are displayed at the south end of Zhuque street. Please visit. From ZhuQueMen to Hongfu temple, where Xuanzang lived, there were dozens of Li long lines, burning incense and scattering flowers, and cheering. Xuanzang's return from his journey to the West has become a great event in Chang'an city. Later, when the mage moved to Ci'en Temple, one hundred thousand people in Chang'an stood on both sides of Zhuque street holding fragrant flowers and precious candles to welcome the mage, which was a good talk. ZhuQueMen once again witnessed the most important moment in Chinese history.

Of course, the story about ZhuQueMen is not over yet. At the end of Tang Dynasty, ZhuQueMen was destroyed in the war. Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty once ordered that the Zhuque gate be rebuilt. Wang Jiuhu, a businessman in the capital, heard that there was a huge difference in the money collected. Every common people had to levy two additional taxes. He got into the carriage, took 100000 Guan of money to the government, and asked the government to exempt the people from tax. It was a good talk for a while.

Open again

The gate of a thousand years of dust has opened again

From being closed in 904 ad to being reopened in 1986, the rosefinch gate has been covered with dust for more than 1000 years. It is quietly wrapped in the city wall, recalling the prosperity of the past. As it was reopened, it witnessed the rapid changes of the ancient city of Xi'an,

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Que Men