Xizhou copper pillar

Xizhou copper pillar

Xizhou copper pillar is located in the Xiangxi Folk Custom and scenery Museum of Wang Village, Furong Town, Yongshun County, Hunan Province.

Because this area was called xiaxizhou in ancient times, the bronze pillar was called "Xizhou copper pillar".

It was built in 940, the fifth year of Tianfu in the later Jin Dynasty.

Xizhou copper column is round at the bottom and octagonal at the top. Each square is 15 cm wide and 39 cm in diameter,

Except for the damaged top, the others are well preserved, with more than 2600 characters inscribed on the eight sides of the column.

The special shape and rich inscriptions are of great significance to the study of the ancient culture and nationality of Western Hunan.

On March 4, 1961, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced the bronze pillars in Xizhou as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

Xizhou copper pillar was built in 940, the fifth year of Tianfu in the later Jin Dynasty

It is cast in the first month, finished in July, engraved in August and erected in December.

Where the bronze pillars of Xizhou were first established has not been determined.

In 982, Xizhou copper pillar moved for the first time in the area of yanzhuwan, an ancient Qianan (now huixiping) River beach.

In the first year of Tianxi in the Northern Song Dynasty (1017), Xizhou Tongzhu moved from yanzhuwan to Mingxi city because of the war.

In the second year of Zhihe (1055) of the Northern Song Dynasty, the bronze pillars of Xizhou were taken away by the song army. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), the song army returned the bronze pillars of Xizhou. It stands on the ancient Qian'an tea beach again.

In 1725, Zhou Yide, the commander of Yiling in Hunan Province, pushed down the bronze pillar with the help of the God of heaven.

In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the copper top of the copper pillar in Xizhou was stolen and sank in the middle of the river, and the copper money in the pillar was also stolen and robbed.

In 1885, Zhang zengyang, the governor of Yongshun Prefecture, built a pavilion to protect the bronze pillars in Xizhou.

During the period of the Republic of China, the protection Pavilion of copper pillars in Xizhou was destroyed.

In the spring of 1969, due to the construction of Fengtan Hydropower Station in Yuanling County, Hunan Province, huixiping and Xizhou copper pillars were both in the flooded area. According to the planning of the hydropower station, Xizhou copper pillar belongs to the relocated cultural relics. After the county, state and provincial cultural relics departments reported to the State Council for approval, they agreed to move the copper pillars to congshanbao, Wangcun village, Yongshun County, and build pavilions for protection.

In March 1990, due to the poor safety conditions of the Xizhou copper pillars in Wangcun village, Yongshun County, with the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, in June of the same year, Yongshun County Cultural Relics Management Office moved the Xizhou copper pillars to the "Xiangxi Folk scenery Museum of Wangcun village" at Wangcun River Wharf to display and protect them.

Architectural features

structure

Xizhou copper column is round at the bottom and octagonal at the top. Each square is 15 cm wide and 39 cm in diameter,

The thickness of column wall is about inch

The actual length of the column is 2.98M

In addition to the damage on the top, the others are well preserved, and more than 2600 characters are inscribed on the eight sides of the column.

characteristic

Xizhou copper pillars are pure and glossy in quality. They are not polished for a long time, and regular script is well preserved.

Cultural relics

There are more than 2600 characters of "fuxizhou copper pillar record" on the body of Xizhou copper pillar. There are 25 lines of "Ji Wen", "oath" and title, 56 characters in each line, all in regular script.

The inscriptions on Xizhou copper pillars include two main parts: the first part is the fuxizhou copper pillars written by Li Honggao, a scholar of Machu Tiance, which is composed of prose style "Ji" and seven character rhyme style "song", followed by the title of Jianzao official; the second part is the oath of alliance between Xizhou and Machu regime, including the oath and the title of a 19 person oath maker. After these two parts, there are two lines of small lettered inscriptions recording the time when the copper column was erected. More importantly, its height, weight and shape should be the time when the copper column was erected.

In addition, in the blank space left by these inscriptions because of the flat que or segmentation, there are also some people's title titles. The font is obviously different from the previous two paragraphs. It was added in the Northern Song Dynasty, which has nothing to do with the original inscriptions on copper pillars.

History and culture

Arts and culture

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhou Huichou wrote a poem praising:

Gold has been cast for thousands of years, and we have heard the story of his father.

All the peaks in the eye are appointed to the earth, and a pillar in the mountain holds the sky alone.

In the West stream, the Dragon wakes and the crane sleeps.

The green grass and white sand are relatively late, and the cool wind strikes the poetic immortal.

historical event

In the fourth year of Tianfu in the later Jin Dynasty (939), Peng shichou, the governor of Xizhou, fought with Ma Xifan, the king of Chu, who occupied Hunan at that time. After the defeat, Peng shichou negotiated peace with Ma Xifan in the fifth year of Tianfu (940) of the later Jin Dynasty, and engraved the course of the war and the terms of the peace negotiation on the bronze column.

Legends and anecdotes

In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a Xuetai boat crossed the Huixi River and went ashore to watch the copper pillars. So it started to steal the heart, robbed the top of the pillars, and sailed to the middle of the river. Suddenly, the sky was dark, the sun and the moon were dark, thunderstorms were heavy, thunder and lightning chased the boat, and the top of the boat sank. A large sandbank protruded from the top of the sink and separated the river. Later it was called "Shuangrong". It is said that the top of the copper pillar was buried under the "shuangrongzhou". Later generations revered the bronze pillar as a sacred object. For a long time, it stood obliquely on the beach under the Kowloon hall and slept with the weeds for more than a thousand years.

Publishing books

In April 1994, Peng Wu compiled a textual research on Xizhou copper pillars and their inscriptions.

Interpretation of inscriptions

On the bronze pillars of Xizhou is engraved the policy principle of the king of Chu to the Rebellion: "the ancient people rebel and cut it down, obey and soften it, do not seize its wealth, do not covet its land. The story of the former king is that of the later generations. I'm rebellious and gentle. I dare not learn from the ancients. I'm greedy for money and land, but I don't do it. " After Peng shichou, the chieftain of Xizhou, expressed his wholehearted obedience, the king of Chu immediately decided: "you can be obedient, I have no corvee, I rent in this state, I provide for myself, and the local soldiers will not be sent. There will never be any danger of gold, and we will guarantee the cultivation of mulberry. "

The oath of both sides is a covenant, and the pillar is a letter. Since then, when the Central Plains experienced severe social unrest in the nine dynasties of Houliang, houtang, Houjin, houhan, Houzhou, and song, yuan, Ming, and Qing, the closed and self-defense Peng's rule has always been in a corner, inherited for 28 generations, and the people of Xizhou have enjoyed a relatively stable life without war for more than 800 years. In 1728, the chieftain system of Xizhou was terminated, and the Peng regime ended.

The bronze pillars in Xizhou were only erected as national historical relics, and their role as boundary markers no longer exists.

The establishment of bronze pillars in Xizhou objectively played a positive role in "no disturbance in mulberry cultivation, no burning of houses, no harm in wood cutting and animal husbandry, no obstruction in the way of rivers".

Inscriptions on bronze pillars

Li Honggao, the general of Tiance, the Duke of Jiangnan, the king of Chu Xifan summoned the master of Tiance, the Secretary of the Duke of Jiangnan, the official of Tongyi, the censor, Zuo pushe, the official of imperial history, Shangzhu Kingdom, and the purple goldfish bag, said: "my liezu, Zhaoling king, fell to longpian in the 18th year of Jianwu period of Han Dynasty, and built a bronze pillar in Xiangpu. Its inscription said: the Jin people sweat, the iron horse hoof is strong, the descendants are connected, nine hundred years. It's the one who knew that my ancestors had a long history of qingyinxu, and then prospered in the southern Xia Dynasty in the ninetieth century. This is the beginning of the five rivers, attached to the county division. In ancient times, the emperor wrote virtue, the vassals recorded merit, and the officials called it "cutting". There must be a periodical. The compendium of the compendium will be set up. The title of the compendium will show the gratitude and faith of the emperor. If you dare to carry on the martyrs, it will be my discipline. " Gaocheng taught Ruhao, and wrote about Jue affairs: Gai Wenyao joined the border, Panhu legacy, because the six sons separated and entered the five streams. In ancient times, it was called "Yao Fu". In the middle ages, it was called "Ji Mi" and "Bo Shuai" and "Jing Fu". In the Han and Song Dynasties, officials were set up, and the river and mountain were slightly quiet. In the Tang Dynasty, Yang Sixing was the teacher, so Chen and Jin were opened. When you come to HaoYou, you will go to Luliang. If you want to go, you have to hide.

Peng shichou in Xizhou, a county seal handed down from generation to generation, is a state soldier in charge of the family. He knows kindness and persuasion, so he can live through three or four generations and grow up to thousands of men. If it is not added by moral education, it is not only terrifying, but also innocent to the big country, not abusing the small people. It is more self-conscious, so it is good. If there is no gap, Russia will shake automatically. Every time my king showed Hanhong, he tried to appease him, and gradually became a border trouble. He went deep into the suburbs of Qi, plundered gengsang, invaded Chenli, and Jiangli, and the officials of Xinjiang sued him, and the people of the county lost their peace. If you don't know how to set fire, you will burn yourself.

At that time, the emperor Zhao of Jin Dynasty created Piji, relying on the note of xiongde, with the title of Emperor Wen, and following the order of King Mu of Wu, ordered my king to open Tiance mansion. When heaven and man come to an end, things are in court. Fang Zhen declared that he should be Zhaotai. If you have a humble opinion, you can wait for suihuai. And I'll tell you what to do. Wang Nai, under the command of Jingjiang, Liu Qing led the various ministries and gave them to Pian Shi. The sound of the drum shook the valley. That is to abandon the state insurance, build a stronghold with high, only birds fly, that is, no one comes. Liu Qingqian followed the temple's calculation, carried the magic machine secretly, crossed the ravines and covered the cliffs, and looked down in the face of danger. There is no way to draw water from the spring, and there is no way to transport grain. Because of Gan Jin Jia, do you have time to fight? Peng Shigao lost his faith for his father and accepted money. I, Wang Min, was flexible and accepted surrender. When he returned to the Zhou Dynasty, Meng was awed and awed.

Wang said: "in ancient times, those who betrayed and felled, those who were obedient and gentle, did not seize their wealth and did not covet their land. The story of the former king is that of the later generations. I'm rebellious and gentle. I dare not learn from the ancients. I'm greedy for money and land According to the prelude, Peng shichou was awarded the governor of Xizhou, the Imperial Guard of Jiajiao, the generals and officials of Zhuzi, and the staff of Xianfu. There is a difference in Tin's life, so as to make its land safe. Still awarding the millet

Chinese PinYin : Xi Zhou Tong Zhu