Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple

Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple

Jinan Fuxue Confucian temple is located at 248 Minghu Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province. It is adjacent to Furong street in the South and Daming Lake in the north.

The Fuxue Confucian temple in Jinan was founded during the reign of Xining of Song Dynasty (1068-1077). It collapsed at the end of Yuan Dynasty and was rebuilt in 1369. In the Qing Dynasty, the Confucian temple was renovated many times, but the scale and architectural layout of the Confucian temple in the Ming Dynasty were basically maintained. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Confucian temples were occupied by primary schools and factories, and many buildings were destroyed. It became a cultural relic protection unit in Shandong Province in 1992 and began to be overhauled in 2005. The remaining ancient buildings were restored and the demolished parts were rebuilt. The restored Confucian temple will restore the function of offering sacrifices to Confucius and become the core part of Jinan historical and cultural reserve.

Since its trial opening in 2010, the Confucian temple has successfully held such public cultural activities as "New Year's prayer meeting", "harmonious China - reading of Chinese classic culture on both sides of the Taiwan Strait", "Confucian temple lecture hall", "exhibition of fine works of famous Korean oil painters" and "coming of age" and "writing ceremony". The Fuxue Confucian temple in Jinan has gradually become the front to carry forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture and the Confucian Culture Communication Center widely recognized by the society.

Historical evolution

The Fuxue Confucian temple in Jinan was founded in the reign of song Xining (1068-1077) and located on the Bank of Daming Lake. It has been destroyed and rebuilt several times in history. In the Jin Dynasty, the Fuxue Confucian temple was seriously damaged by the war and collapsed at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

It was rebuilt in 1369, and expanded in 1483. After several generations of renovation, the layout of the building was perfect by the end of Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the Confucian temple was continuously repaired, but it basically maintained the scale and architectural layout of the Ming Dynasty Confucian temple, which made the Fuxue Confucian temple cover an area of Minghu road to the north, Gongyuan waigen street to the west, Nanmen to the South and qushuiting street to the East.

The Fuxue Confucian temple in Jinan was the center of Jinan culture and education in the past dynasties. However, after the abolition of the imperial examination in the period of the Republic of China, the Fuxue Confucian temple gradually declined. Due to years of war, the Fuxue Confucian temple in Jinan had been destroyed before liberation. After liberation, Dacheng hall was turned into an auditorium, and later the Fuxue Confucian temple became the school building of Daminghu Road Primary School.

Since September 10, 2005, the Fuxue Confucian temple in Jinan has been completed on September 28, 2010. According to historical records, the Fuxue Confucian temple in Jinan was originally a huge group of buildings, with a total length of 247 meters and a width of 64-66 meters. The whole complex is symmetrically spread out on a central axis.

Architectural features

The main buildings are Dacheng gate, Lingxing gate, panchi, Dacheng hall, Minglun hall and Zunjing Pavilion. From the south to the north, the Confucian temple is composed of the south gate, the moderate Pavilion, the Lingxing gate, the big and small panchi, the pingmen gate, the halberd gate (commonly known as Dacheng gate), the Dacheng hall, the East and West veranda, the Minglun hall, and the Zunjing Pavilion. On the inner side of the south gate are two "standard Pavilions" which are divided into the East and the West. The shape of the pavilions is square and round. The implication is that "no rules, no square and round". It warns the Confucian students to have a rigorous attitude in their study. However, the whole Fuxue Confucian temple in Jinan is not like the Confucian temples in other places. It is curvilinear in the direction of due south and due north, which is rare in Confucian temples. It may be related to the geographical environment when the Confucian temple was first built at that time.

Jinan Confucian temple has a great feature is its pan pool, not only a big pan pool, but also a small pan pool, which is relatively rare in the Confucian temple. In addition, most of the panchi in Confucian temples in other places are just symbols, and some can only put some stagnant water in at most. Panchi here not only has water, but also has flowing spring water, which is extremely rare, if not unique, in China. This fully shows that Jinan has developed water system in history, reflecting its characteristics as a spring city.

The spring water of panchi comes from Furong street in the south, flows into the big and small panchi through the open channel, then flows into qushuiting through Yudai River, and then flows into Daming Lake. This time, they cooperated with the maintenance project to excavate and restore the previous waterway. In this way, visitors to the Confucian temple can not only get the influence of Confucian culture, but also experience the characteristics of Jinan spring culture.

Main buildings

Dacheng Hall

Dacheng hall, with nine bays, is the largest single eaves veranda building in the province. The hall is nine rooms wide, 34.5 meters wide from east to west, four rooms deep, 13.9 meters deep from north to south, and 13.86 meters high, covering an area of 480 square meters. The roof of the single eaves veranda is covered with yellow glazed tube tiles. The wooden frame is a beam lifting structure. The columns are divided, side corners and raised, retaining the architectural characteristics of the Song Dynasty. Under the eaves, there are Dougong, two collections of pingshenke in the Ming Dynasty, and one in each of the other rooms. Dougong and base plate are painted in color. In the hall, the method of reducing columns is adopted. The ceiling is set at the top of the hall. The elevation is different. The ceiling of the open room and the secondary room is lower, and the ceiling of the tip room and the end room is higher. The hall is surrounded by eaves walls on the East, West and north sides, and the front eaves on the south side are in the middle. There are six plastered water caltrop doors in each room, and only water caltrop windows at both ends. Confucius and his four statues are worshipped in the center of the hall, and several tablets inscribed by the Qing emperor are hung on the top, all of which were destroyed during the cultural revolution. In 2005, a remnant plaque written by Emperor Shizong of Qing Dynasty was accidentally found. In September 2009, a new 2.72-meter-high statue of Confucius was officially completed. After that, the statues of Si Pei and 12 philosophers will be re placed, and the statues of Confucius disciples will be placed in the East and West veranda on the south side of Dacheng hall.

Dacheng hall was originally located on a wide platform. With the change of time, the building has been damaged. The ridge beast was smashed in the cultural revolution, and the base of the hall has long been level with the ground, which is no longer the same as before. During the reconstruction, the engineers adopted the method of "lifting from the scaffold", that is, to demolish all the main hall, mark the components carefully, raise the foundation, and then use the original object as much as possible to reconstruct. After reconstruction, the Dacheng hall has been raised by 1.5 meters.

Screen wall

Yingbi is located outside the Confucian temple, facing dachengmen to the north. It is 9.85 meters long, 5 meters high and 0.95 meters thick. It is made of brick and has a "one" shape with glazed tile top. In the center of the north is a circular brick carving decorative pattern, which is a relic of the Qing Dynasty. For decades, it was not demolished because it was used as a wall.

Dachengmen

Dacheng facade is five rooms wide, 10.8 meters wide on the left and right, one room deep, and 6.33 meters deep in front and back. Single eaves Xie peak, covered with yellow glazed tiles. The outer eaves of the Dougong, Ming Dynasty flat body division two, next between a, and 45 degrees oblique out of the Gong; side is no flat body division, are colorful heavy ang Dougong. And painted. Each room is built with brick and stone, and the floor is paved with square bricks inside the door.

Lattice star gate

Lingxing gate is a four column and three skyrocketing carved stone square with red gate between the columns. The front and back of the column are clamped by stone drums and supported by stone pillar. The original Lingxing gate has been destroyed, and the base site has no existence. The Department of cultural relics has reconstructed it based on historical data.

Zhongju Pavilion and Zhonggui Pavilion

Zhongju Pavilion and Zhonggui pavilion are on the East and west sides of Lingxing gate. Zhongju Pavilion is square, Zhonggui Pavilion is round, and yellow glazed tile has a sharp top. The words come from the book of rites, yuzao, and the book of rites, KAOGONGJI.

Panchi and Panchiao

Panchi is a few meters north of lingxingmen. It is nearly semicircular with a curved surface facing south and a chord length of 37.4 meters on the north bank. The pool is surrounded by white stone Watchboard and pillar. Pan bridge spans north and south from the middle of the pool. It is a Qingshi arch bridge, 19 meters long and 2.88 meters wide, with five holes in total. The hole in the middle of the bridge is the largest, and the diameter on both sides decreases symmetrically. In the process of reconstruction, the construction workers also found the ruins of panchi in Ming Dynasty to the north of pingmen and restored them, which made a rare "double panchi" landscape in Fuxue Confucian temple.

Zhongyingfang, yuxiufang

Zhongyingfang and yuxiufang are respectively located in the north of panchi and the inner side of the East and West courtyard walls of the Confucian temple. Zhongyingfang is in the East and yuxiufang is in the West. The two archways are of the same shape, with four pillars and three rooms. The wooden archways on the third floor are covered with yellow glazed tiles. At the end of 2007, in the process of maintenance, the site of Er Fang was found, which partially extended beyond the original primary school wall, confirming the scale of the ancient Confucian temple.

Screen door

As the third gate of the Confucian temple, pingmen is a five room six column archway. The fifth floor on the top of the square, from the Ming Dynasty to the two sides, is arranged in a three-step pattern, with a single eaves on the top of the hall, covered with yellow glazed tiles and decorated with kissing animals. Under the eaves, it is supported by a cloud head Dougong, and the patterns of "rising sun, cloud crane" and "golden dragon playing with pearls" are painted on the forehead. The front and back of the square column are supported by inclined columns, and the column foundation is held by stone drums. In 1952, the above ground part of the archway was moved to the South Gate of Daming Lake Park. It was rebuilt on the original site in 2007.

Changing house, sacrifice house

On the East and west sides of pingmen are dressing houses and sacrifice houses. Every year before offering sacrifices to Confucius, the chief sacrificial officer must bathe and change clothes in the dressing house, and fast for three days. The building of the changing house is original. In 2006, it was put down for maintenance. The former building has been demolished and rebuilt in 2006 according to historical records.

jimen

The halberd gate is the main entrance to the courtyard in front of Dacheng hall. It is five rooms wide, with a top rest and covered with yellow glazed tiles. Both sides of the halberd gate were originally connected with the veranda, forming a closed courtyard with Dacheng hall. During the renovation, the low veranda on both sides were raised and separated from the halberd gate for fire protection.

East West Corridor

The East and West verandahs are long rows of verandahs in front of Dacheng hall. They are opposite to each other and form a closed courtyard with Dacheng gate and Dacheng hall. The verandahs are dedicated to Confucius disciples. Original Gallery building

Chinese PinYin : Ji Nan Fu Xue Wen Miao