Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing is one of the "three main halls of the East". It is the largest existing wooden structure hall in China, commonly known as Jinluan hall. Located on the north-south axis of the Forbidden City in Beijing, it was built in 1420, which is called Fengtian hall. In 1562, it was renamed Huangji hall. In 1645, it was renamed today. After its completion, it was burned and rebuilt many times. Today, the hall was rebuilt in 1695.
the Hall of Supreme Harmony
Taihe hall, commonly known as Jinluan hall, is a palace building in the Forbidden City of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the three main halls in the East. It is the largest existing wooden structure hall in China. It is located in the prominent position of the North-South main axis of the Forbidden City (Forbidden City) in Beijing.
Ming Yongle eighteen years (1420) imitation of the Palace Museum in Nanjing Fengtian hall built, known as Fengtian hall. In 1562, it was renamed Huangji hall. In 1645, it was renamed today.
After the completion of Taihe hall, it was burned and rebuilt many times. Today, it is the shape of Taihe hall rebuilt in 1695. It has a double eaves on the top and three white marble steps on the bottom. It is painted with gold dragons and seals. There are as many as 11 immortals and animals on the roof and 11 bays, all of which are of the highest shape. It is 64 meters long and 37 meters wide, with a construction area of 2377.00 square meters, a height of 26.92 meters and a height of 35.05 meters. It is one of the largest existing wooden frame buildings in China. The plaque of "Jianji suiyou" on Taihe hall is the imperial pen of Emperor Qianlong, and the existing plaque is a replica. The original was replaced when Yuan Shikai became emperor and has been lost.
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Historical evolution
the ming dynasty
In 1416 (the fourteenth year of Yongle), Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty issued an imperial edict to move the capital to Beijing, and ordered to build a Beijing Palace just like the Imperial Palace in Nanjing. In 1420 (the 18th year of Yongle), Beijing Palace was completed. The next year, a fire broke out and the first three halls were destroyed.
In 1440 (the fifth year of Zhengtong), the former three halls and Qianqing palace were rebuilt.
In 1459 (the third year of Tianshun), Xiyuan was built. In 1557 (the 36th year of Jiajing's reign), the Forbidden City was ablaze. The front three halls, Fengtian gate, Wenwu tower and Meridian Gate were all burned down. It was not until 1561 that the reconstruction was completed.
In 1597 (the 25th year of Wanli), a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, destroying the former three halls and the latter three palaces. The reconstruction project was not completed until 1627 (the seventh year of Tianqi).
In 1644 (the 17th year of Chongzhen), Li Zicheng's army captured Beijing and the Ming Dynasty perished. Before Li Zicheng retreated to Shaanxi, he burned the Forbidden City. Only the Wuying hall, Jianji hall, Yinghua hall, Nanxun hall, surrounding turrets and Huangji gate were not burned. The rest of the buildings were destroyed. In the same year, Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty came to Beijing. After that, it took 14 years to basically restore the middle road.
Qing Dynasty
In 1683 (the 22nd year of Kangxi's reign), the reconstruction of the Forbidden City began, and the rest of the destroyed buildings were basically completed in the 34th year of Kangxi's reign.
In 1735 (the 13th year of Yongzheng), Emperor Gaozong (Emperor Qianlong) of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne. In the following 60 years, the Forbidden City was built and rebuilt on a large scale.
In 1813 (the 18th year of Jiaqing), the Protestant Lin Qing led the rebel army to attack the Forbidden City.
In 1900, the Allied forces of eight countries captured Beijing.
In 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out and the Qing emperor abdicated. But according to the special conditions signed with the Republic of China, he still lived in the Forbidden City.
modern
After years of polishing, the hall of Supreme Harmony is gradually dilapidated. Some of the components have rotted, which can not support the hall. Moreover, the color paintings on the beams are seriously faded.
Therefore, the "closed" overhaul began in 2006.
After two years of overhaul, until mid July 2008, Taihe hall reappeared in the eyes of tourists. After the overhaul, Taihe hall is resplendent and magnificent.
Architectural form
Scale parameter
The hall of Supreme Harmony is the largest and highest level building in the Forbidden City. It has 11 rooms in width and five rooms in depth, 64 meters in length and 37 meters in width, with a building area of 2377.00 square meters and a height of 26.92m. It is the largest building in the Forbidden City, the highest grade and the largest volume. There is a broad platform in front of the hall, known as Danbi, commonly known as the platform.
Platform layout
On the platform of Taihe hall, there are a sundial, a Jialiang, a pair of copper tortoise and a pair of copper crane, and 18 bronze tripods. Tortoise and crane are symbols of longevity. Sundial is an ancient timer, and Jialiang is an ancient standard measuring instrument. Both of them are symbols of imperial power. His highness is an 8.13m-high three-story white marble base surrounded by railings. Under the railings, there is a stone tap for drainage, which can present the spectacle of thousands of dragons spitting water in rainy season.
Its architectural regulation is high, and its decoration technique is fine, which can be ranked first in ancient Chinese architecture.
Ridge layout
On the top of the hall of Supreme Harmony is the top of the hall of double eaves, which has the highest architectural form. There are big kisses at both ends of the roof, which are 3.40M high and about 4300k in weight. On the ridges of ancient Chinese buildings, there are zhenwa. These zhenwa beasts are arranged according to strict regulations, and the number varies according to the level of architecture. The most decoration is the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City (a total of 10), which is very important in Chinese palace architecture It's unique in history. It shows the supreme importance. The first ornament is a man riding an impatiens. It is said that he was the king of Qi in the Southern Dynasty, and later became an immortal. After the fairies are ten small animals: dragon, Phoenix, lion, Tianma, seahorse, fish, *, and so on. In other ancient buildings, up to nine animals are generally used. There is a strict hierarchy here. Only the hall of Supreme Harmony can be complete in ten aspects. There are seven Zhonghe hall, nine Baohe hall and nine Qianqing palace. The number of zhenwa beasts in other halls decreases by level. There are only nine on Tiananmen Square.
Historical function
Nowadays, many people think that the hall of Supreme Harmony is usually used for going to court, but it is not. In fact, Taihe hall is a place for holding important ceremonies, which is rarely used. The places where the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties went to court were mainly in Taihe gate, Qianqing gate (to listen to the government for the imperial gate), Qianqing Palace (where the emperor summoned the ministers when there was something important or important), and Yangxin Hall (to listen to the government by hanging the curtain in the late Qing Dynasty), which was not the Taihe hall as usual. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, 24 emperors held grand ceremonies in the hall of Supreme Harmony, such as the emperor's accession to the throne, the emperor's wedding, the Queen's appointment, and the general's expedition. In addition, on the three major festivals of longevity, new year's day, and winter solstice every year, the emperor was congratulated by civil and military officials and gave banquets to princes and ministers.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination of new Jinshi was held in the hall of Taihe. From 1789, it was held in the hall of Baohe instead. Chuanlu was still held in the hall of Taihe. In fact, the place where the emperor went to court was not in the hall of supreme harmony. Throughout the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the emperor generally went to court in the gate of Supreme Harmony and the gate of Qianqing, which was called the imperial gate. When there was something urgent or important, the emperor summoned ministers in the palace of Qianqing. In the late Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi hung the curtain to listen to the government, so the place of going to court became the hall of nourishing the heart.
Palace furnishings
The throne of the Emperor
In the Ming Dynasty of Taihe hall, there is a Jiulong gold lacquer throne. On both sides of the throne, there are six columns with a diameter of 1.00 m pasted with gold Yunlong pattern. The gold foil is pasted in two colors, which makes the pattern prominent. There are four pairs of furnishings on both sides of the throne: Baoxiang, luduan, Xianhe and Xiangting. Baoxiang symbolizes the stability of the country and the consolidation of political power; luduan is a legendary auspicious animal; crane symbolizes longevity; Xiangting implies the stability of the country. In the middle of the ceiling above the throne is an algal well shaped like an umbrella. In the middle of the caisson, there is a giant dragon lying on its back, with its head down and a pearl in its mouth.
The Palace Museum has the most exquisite workmanship, the most luxurious decoration, the highest level, and the most exquisite carving. The painted gold lacquer cloud dragon throne in Taihe hall is set on the high platform of the seven steps in the center of the hall, with seven painted gold lacquer screens carved with cloud dragon pattern at the rear. It was made during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522-1566). It is 172.5 cm high, 158.5 cm wide and 79 cm deep.
There are 13 golden dragons winding around the chair ring, the largest of which is the Dragon standing in the middle of the chair back with its head held high. Under the chair, there is not the usual chair legs, but a Xumi base. The place where the waist is tied is carved with double dragons playing with pearls and painted with gold paint. It is surrounded by a treasure bottle carrying an elephant, a symbol of peace and prosperity, a symbol of luduan, a symbol of longevity, a symbol of crane, and a censer and incense tube for burning incense. The six pillars near the throne and the Dragon paintings on the beams and fangs in the hall are all pasted with gold.
The dragon holding pearl caisson above the throne is also covered with gold paint, which shows the magnificent atmosphere of "Jinluan Palace", and shows how noble the people sitting on the throne are.
Interior decoration
The decoration of Taihe hall is very gorgeous. The eaves are decorated with dense Dougong, and the interior and exterior beams are decorated with the highest level of Hexi painting. The upper part of the door and window is inlaid with rhombic pattern, the lower part is embossed with cloud dragon pattern, and the joint is set with gilt copper leaf engraved with dragon pattern.
The floor of the hall is paved with gold bricks (so it is also called Jinluan Hall) (the gold bricks are named because they need a lot of money when they are made). The floor of Taihe hall is paved with 4718 large gold bricks of two feet square. But BRICs don't work
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the Hall of Supreme Harmony
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