Baozili

Baozili

Fort (local read B ǔ) Zili, is commonly known as Zhangjiakou fort. Zhangjiakou castle is the earliest castle in Zhangjiakou City, the "origin" and "root" of Zhangjiakou City. According to historical records, Baozili was built in Xuande period of Ming Dynasty, which has a history of nearly 600 years. According to the general survey of Qiaoxi District of Zhangjiakou City, there are more than 700 cultural relics and historic sites in buzili, including 93 valuable key courtyards. It is one of the most complete Ming and Qing architectural castles preserved in large and medium-sized cities in China. It can be called the northern folk house museum, known as the "Ming and Qing architectural museum". However, despite this, Baozili, which has important historical and cultural values, has always been unknown to outsiders. It was not until 2008 that Baozili was rated as a provincial insurance unit. In recent years, the process of protection and development has been accelerated. In 2013, it was successfully approved as the seventh batch of national cultural relics protection units.

Tourism characteristics

Like many cities in China (such as "Yangcheng" Guangzhou and "Niucheng" Xingtai), Zhangjiakou has also been given a special historical symbol in its long history, which is "Wucheng" Zhangjiakou.

Zhangjiakou fort is the fortress of Xuanfu town (Xuanhua) of the Great Wall defense line. It has always played an important role in the Ming Dynasty to prevent the invasion of the Mongolian army. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it has never been lost in three hundred years of wars, so it is known as "Wucheng" and is the most famous in Northern Xinjiang! (today, Zhangjiakou still has Wucheng street, one of the famous commercial pedestrian streets in China, with a history of more than 500 years.)

architectural composition

Zhangjiakou is the "Wucheng" castle, the architectural layout is not the same as the general castle. In the small castle, there were three garrison barracks, military granary and grassland built at that time. The existing Yuhuang Pavilion, Wenchang Pavilion and a large number of dwellings were built in the middle and late Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, and the Yuhuang pavilion has obvious defensive function.

The evolution of history is enough to show that Zhangjiakou fort in Ming and Qing Dynasties is a part of the defense system of the Great Wall, and Zhangjiakou fort is a real Wucheng.

Wucheng does not necessarily mean smoke and war, but more importantly, it is a deterrent. In the hundreds of years after the completion of Zhangjiakou Buwu City, although it was occasionally disturbed, it was never lost. The reason is not difficult to understand. To put it simply, it is to prepare for nothing. Wucheng protected the landscape and safeguarded the peace. Wucheng is famous in history and has made great achievements for thousands of years. As Chen fengheng, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, praised in his poem, "if you want to win the map, Zhangcheng is the first to block Yuanchong.".

Historical evolution

History: according to historical records, Zhang Wen, the commander, presided over the construction of Zhangjiakou fort. There is something strange in the four li of the fort. The city is three feet high and two feet high. There are city gates on both sides of the southeast. The east gate is called Yongzhen, and the south gate is called Chengen. " To the north of the fort, there are Taiping mountains in the East and West, facing each other like a huge mouth, so it is named "Zhangjiakou". Zhangjiakou fort is the fortress of Xuanfu town (Xuanhua) of the Great Wall defense line. It has always played an important role in preventing the invasion of the Mongolian army. It has never been lost in the war. Therefore, it is known as the "Wucheng" in Northern Xinjiang. During the years of Longqing and Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, the situation changed greatly. The war between the Ming government and the andabu of Mongolia was transformed into war, and the "tea horse mutual market" was realized. The function of Zhangjiakou Fort also changed correspondingly, from a simple military castle to a border city with trade function. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, with the growth of the national bourgeoisie, the economy and trade of Zhangjiakou Fort developed rapidly. After the opening of the Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway in 1909, Zhangjiakou became a freight hub leading to the northwest, and Wucheng commercial street was formed in the east gate of Zhangjiakou fort. This commercial street is still the most prosperous place in Zhangjiakou. After the revolution of 1911, Zhangjiakou became an open commercial port. In 1918, the commercial trade of Zhangjiakou reached its peak. According to Zhang Ku Tong Shang, there are more than 1600 trade names in Zhangjiakou with Mongolia, with an annual trade volume of 150 million taels of silver. Zhangjiakou is known as "the second commercial port in North China". Zhangjiakou fort has become a gathering place for Chinese and foreign merchants. In 1923, there were 42 banks in Zhangjiakou. Most of the investors and managers of the business houses, note houses and banks in zhangjiakoubu are Shanxi merchants. The Qiao family, the famous Qiao family in Qixian County, opened a Hongmao ticket office in erdaoxiang, Baozili. Qixian's Qu family also opened tea shops in Zhangjiakou, as well as three Jinyuan, Baichuan ticket number. Taigu's caojia came to Qiaoxi of Zhangjiakou to do business and opened jinquanyong, jintaiheng, jinquanxing bank and bank. Zhangjiakou fort has become a gathering place for Shanxi merchants to recruit wealth and treasure. Zhangjiakou fort is also a gathering place for foreign merchants. The prosperity of zhangku Avenue has attracted a large number of foreign capital. According to records, in the early years of the Republic of China, there were 44 foreign firms in Zhangjiakou, including Delong, Renji, commerce and Pinghe in the United Kingdom, Lihe and Diyashi in Germany, Maosheng and detai in the United States, Sanhe and Mitsubishi in Japan, and Lixing and Hengfeng in France, Russia and the Netherlands. At that time, it was another gathering place for foreign businessmen besides Tianjin port and Shanghai Ocean farm.

Economic situation

Zhangjiakou fort is also the gathering place of Zhili and local merchants. In the Qing Dynasty, with the full opening of trade with Mongolia and Russia, many businessmen from Zhili and local areas gathered in buzili and laiyuanpu in Zhangjiakou to engage in trade with Mongolia and Russia. There are Shulu (now Xinji), Zhili merchants in Shenzhou, Raoyang and Xinji, Beijing merchants and local merchants in Yuxian, Yangyuan, Huaian and Zhuolu. These businessmen gathered in zhangjiakoubu and its surrounding areas and made contributions to the development of economy and trade.

Chinese and foreign merchants gathered in Zhangjiakou fort, which brought prosperity here. They invested a lot of money to build hundreds of deep homes in Baozili. These quadrangles are large-scale and well preserved. The exquisite wood carving, brick carving and stone carving reflect the intelligence of the working people, the folk customs of the mountain city outside the Great Wall, and also the vivid portrayal of the former prosperous scenery of Baozili, a gathering place of Chinese and foreign merchants. The siheyuan in Baozili has become a highlight of Zhangjiakou tourism. Attracted a large number of tourists to visit.

The gathering of Chinese and foreign businessmen in Zhangjiakou Fort also brought vitality to the cultural construction here. According to historical records, there are more than 50 temples, including thousand Buddha Temple, Guan Yu Temple, grandmother temple, Zhenwu temple and Town God's Temple. Yuhuang Pavilion on the wall of the North City and Wenchang Pavilion in the center of the castle are well preserved. They are good places for scholars to look up and write poems. Things change and the vicissitudes change, but Baozili still basically maintains the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. When you visit Zhangjiakou castle, you will find that the ancient buildings here are original. These dwellings, which are mainly built by Shanxi merchants and foreign businessmen, are as amazing and admirable as the ancient dwellings in Pingyao, Taigu and Qixian of Shanxi. They also have their unique style and charm!

Conservation planning

Planning scope: Wucheng street in the East, xihuozi street in the west, Xiguan Street in the South and Beiguan Street in the north, with a planning area of 25.94 hectares.

Planning principles: overall protection, reasonable preservation, moderate renewal, continuation of context, environmental improvement, function adjustment, municipal improvement and traffic arrangement. Planning structure - "one belt and three axes":

Belt: combined with the Yuhuang Pavilion, city wall ruins and other historical landscape pedestrian belt, to reflect the characteristics of military border defense, urban development, and the theme of famous historical figures, to become the theme landscape place to show the history and culture of Zhangjiakou.

Three axes: the historical landscape axis, taking the axis of Yuhuangge and Gulou as the landscape axis; the characteristic commercial axis, taking the axis of Dongmen street as the characteristic commercial axis, with the help of Wucheng street to develop commerce, forming a distinctive commercial block; the characteristic residential exhibition axis, taking the well preserved residential buildings distributed in Gulou East Street and West Street as the characteristic residential exhibition.

Detailed rules of circle rescue

Protected area

Key protected courtyards: Yuhuangge, Gulou, dingjiangjunfu, luncai academy, Academy, mosque and 22 quadrangles.

Key protected streets and alleys: Yuhuangge street, Gulou East Street, Gulou West Street, Gulou North Street, Qipan street, Dongmen street, chengchengdi street.

Key protection gatehouses: 48 gatehouses well preserved in some folk houses.

Protect five trees: three hundred year old trees, two cypress trees, two Sophora trees and one catalpa.

Protect the details of Landscape: brick carving, shadow wall, wood carving, stone carving and screen, so as to preserve the memory of history and continue the context.

Introduction to tourism

Open tourism landscape:

Tourism theme: "nostalgia in hometown" and "Wucheng style". This is based on the fact that Baozili is the birthplace of Zhangjiakou and a part of the Great Wall culture.

■ sightseeing nodes: Yuhuangge, Gulou, dingjiangjunfu, luncai academy, city wall ruins, Huguo temple, Granny temple, foreign firms and ticket houses, as well as 28 characteristic dwellings; Gulou East Street, Gulou West Street, Gulou South Street, Gulou North Street, jinquanxing lane

Cultural value

Tong Mingkang, deputy director of the State Administration of cultural relics, and Zhang cubic, director of the Provincial Bureau of cultural relics, spoke highly of Baozili. He said that authenticity and integrity are the most important criteria for the evaluation of world cultural heritage, and both of them are available in buzili. Tong Mingkang said that it is not easy for Baozili, an ancient city with hundreds of years of history, to survive to this day.

In the future development of Baozili, we should first do a general survey to find out how many buildings there are, how old they are, and grade them. To study

Chinese PinYin : Bao Zi Li