Jinyang ancient city site

Jinyang ancient city site

The ancient city site of Jinyang is an important capital site in China. The State Administration of cultural relics and Shanxi Provincial Bureau of cultural relics focus on the protection and exhibition of large-scale urban sites. The site covers an area of about 20 square kilometers. The site is mainly cultivated land, high in the West and low in the East. It is a site from the spring and Autumn period to the Five Dynasties.

The site is divided into ancient city site and temple tomb site. Taking the ancient city site of Jinyang as the center, there are many temple buildings around according to the mountain situation. At the same time, tombs are widely distributed in the gentle slope at the foot of the west mountain, with a total area of 200 square kilometers.

Historical evolution

The site of Jinyang ancient city covers an area of about 20 square kilometers. The site is mainly cultivated land, high in the West and low in the East. It is a site from the spring and Autumn period to the Five Dynasties.

The site is divided into ancient city site and temple tomb site. Taking the ancient city site of Jinyang as the center, there are many temple buildings around according to the mountain situation. At the same time, tombs are widely distributed in the gentle slope at the foot of the west mountain, with a total area of 200 square kilometers.

Jinyang ancient city was founded in the middle and late spring and Autumn period (497 BC). It was the capital of Zhao state in the Warring States period, the auxiliary capital of Northern Qi Dynasty, the capital of northern Han Dynasty, and Beijing in the Tang Dynasty. City sites include Xicheng, Dongcheng, Zhongcheng, Taiyuan, Jinyang palace, Daming Palace, Cangcheng, Luocheng, etc. Jinyang ancient city is closely related to a series of important events in history, such as the division of Jin Dynasty, the garrison of Western Han Dynasty, the overlord of Eastern Wei Dynasty, the biedu of Northern Qi Dynasty, the Zhaoji of prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the war of Five Dynasties. In 979, the Song Dynasty destroyed the northern Han Dynasty and burned Jinyang with a torch. Then it was irrigated with Fenshui, and the ancient city was razed to the ground.

Experience

In 1955, archaeologists found more than 30 stone sculptures with unique shapes near the ancient town Ying Village; in 1962, archaeologists found several ancient city walls and three small city sites in the ancient town of Jinyang. One is the Luocheng site near Luocheng village, which is said to have been built in the northern Han Dynasty; the second is the relics of the Tang Dynasty unearthed from the northwest ancient city wall of Jinyuan town; the third is the ancient city site around nanchengjiao village and guchengying village, which is said to be Daming city.

The existing "nanchengjiao" village is L-shaped, built according to the southwest corner of the ancient city. The remnant of the south wall is 626.4 meters long, and the west wall is about 2700 meters long. According to the data and the location of the "east corner", the ancient city is about 4500 meters long. According to the texture, color and ramming method of rammed earth, it is considered to be the city wall site of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Sui and Tang Dynasties are the glorious times of the ancient city of Jinyang, which was one of the three capitals in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Research value

In the western part of Jinyang ancient city, there are Tianlongshan grottoes, Mengshan Buddha, Shengshou temple, Tongzi temple, Kaihua temple, etc. Jinyang ancient city has its special position and abundant underground burial in history, which endows it with great archaeological research value.

the Spring and Autumn period

The history of China has entered the spring and Autumn period, and a new political change is bound to take place in Shanxi, which is permeated with Chinese civilization. Therefore, in the mind of Zhao Yang (also known as Zhao Jianzi), an outstanding statesman, it is a natural strategic decision to choose a piece of geomantic omen and build a solid city to plan for the world. The day Zhao Yang decided to build the address of Jinyang city must have been a sunny day.

Standing under the canopy of his chariot, he recognized the unique strategic position of Tianlong mountain and Longshan mountain as well as Fenshui as a strategist. As a member of the Zhao family, Dong Anyu was immediately ordered by his master and vowed to build a base for his master in this place close to mountains and rivers, which could help him fight for the world. Dong an Yuzhen is a resourceful and resourceful official under Zhao Yang. He mobilized craftsmen and labor, first used the traditional rammed earth plate construction method, rammed the excavated loess layer by layer, built a strong and solid city wall with a height of four Zhang and a circumference of four Li. He also made copper columns, erected the porch columns of the palace, and then made the wooden frame keel of the palace wall with good wood, and plastered the mud on the outside. At that time, it was undoubtedly the most innovative advanced construction technology.

In 497 BC, Dong Anyu finally completed the most important career in his life. Under his command, a newly built city stands majestically on the Bank of Fenshui under Tianlong mountain and Longshan mountain. After the completion of Jinyang City, Zhao Yang appointed another counsellor Yin duo to be the first local official in charge of the city. In order to make the city a political, economic and cultural center of Zhao Yang Group and a base of military struggle, Yin duo first reduced the taxes of the people, then built warehouses in the city and accumulated grain and grass.

At that time, the wheel of the Zhou Dynasty had been rolling on the land of China for hundreds of years and was on the decline. In the Late Jin Dynasty, especially after the establishment of the separation of powers by the six ministers, the leaders of the six Ministers must adopt more advanced behaviors than the slavery society to speed up the political reform. They pay more attention to how to annex land, and through this kind of annexation, expand their political power and eventually replace Jin. As a result, just as the emperor of Zhou at that time was no longer able to unify all the vassal states, the state of Jin could no longer control the six powerful ministers such as Zhi, Zhao, Wei, Han, fan and Zhongxing. The political outcome of the struggle between the six Qing Dynasties was that the fan and Zhongxing families were destroyed first, and the Zhi family was also destroyed by the Zhao, Han and Wei families. The official offices of Jin State exist in name but die in reality. Zhao, Han and Wei began to carve up Jin State. In China, the pattern of seven heroes of Warring States began to form.

In 1988, many experts from the provincial and municipal cultural relics and Archaeology departments successfully excavated the tomb of Zhao Yang, the first minister of the state of Jin, on the site of the expansion of the thermal power plant 5 kilometers northwest of the Jinyang city site. The magnificent and eye-catching chariot pit and thousands of burial treasures prove the glorious history of Jinyang city in those years. Historians agree that the separation of the three Jin Dynasties is a landmark in Chinese history to determine the collapse of slavery society and the beginning of feudal society. The establishment of this road sign was completed inside and outside Jinyang city. Along this road sign, history entered the Warring States period from the spring and Autumn period.

Some historians have summed up another role of Jinyang city in the process of Chinese History: Jinyang first, then Han and Tang Dynasties. It is the profound cultural foundation of Jinyang city that supports the prosperity of Han and Tang Dynasties. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang and his maid Bo gave birth to his son Liu Heng. Liu Heng was cautious and gentle among the princes and left a good impression among the ministers. Recommended by many senior officials such as Xiao He, Liu Bang was appointed king of the dynasty at the age of 7. The political and economic center of Daijun is Jinyang city. After leaving the Imperial Palace, Liu Heng's mother and son were influenced by Jinyang culture. Human beings create their own culture, and advanced culture will bring up outstanding human talents. After Liu Bang's death, Zhou Bo and Chen Ping killed zhulv forces and unanimously decided to welcome the king back to Chang'an to recover Liu's kingdom. After he ascended the throne, Liu Heng was called Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty. Because he lived in Jinyang since childhood and understood the sufferings of the people, Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty despised Yao and Fu, abolished torture, and let the people recuperate, becoming a generation of emperor model of moralizing the people. After the death of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, his son Liu Qi inherited the throne and was known as emperor Jing of Han Dynasty in history. Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty continued to pursue his father's strategy of governing the country, which made the Han Dynasty rich and strong, and laid a solid material foundation for Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the son of emperor Jing, to open up territory, to attack Xiongnu seven times, to wipe out the northern border trouble thoroughly, and to dominate the world.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, when Li Yuanzhen, an ambassador from Taiyuan and Hedong, was in charge of Jinyang, he and his son Li Shimin conspired to overthrow the Sui Dynasty. As an important Minister of the Sui Yang emperor, Li Yuan finally became a grave digger of the Sui Dynasty and established the Tang Empire. The ancient city of Jinyang became the place of Longxing in the Tang Dynasty. After Li Shimin founded the flourishing age of Zhenguan, in order to play an important strategic role of Jinyang, he ordered the expansion of Jinyang city. After the expansion, Jinyang city is expanded into the East and the west, and the two cities are connected with the middle city across the Fenhe River, which is rare in China. Its political status is almost equal to that of Chang'an in Kyoto and Luoyang in the East. It is historically known as the north capital of Tang Dynasty.

Han and Tang, because of these two prosperous dynasties, became a unique word in Chinese characters. In these two words, many advanced cultural elements in the process of Chinese feudal society were condensed, and the earliest condensation place was the ancient city of Jinyang. Unfortunately, after the ups and downs of 1476, the city was buried in the ground in 979, the fourth year of the Northern Song Dynasty, when Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, called it a man-made disaster. Zhao Guangyi can order to destroy the tangible city with merciless water and fire, but he can't destroy the intangible culture. As the source of Jinyang culture, the ancient city of Jinyang is still alive and continuous after its disappearance. Its imprint can be found at any time in the process of Chinese civilization.

The former is more than 2500 years ago, and the latter is more than 1000 years ago. However, the cornerstone of this ancient city still lies in the ground, and its context is long-lasting. Therefore, when we walk on the ruins of the ancient city of Jinyang, although we can't pass through the underground palaces and streets, the memory of history will still make every tourist have endless reverie. And the future excavation, who can expect how many, we do not expect

Chinese PinYin : Jin Yang Gu Cheng Yi Zhi