Wusheng Palace

Wusheng Palace

Wusheng palace, also known as Guandi temple, Guanmiao is a temple for worshiping Guan Yu, the Duke of Guan. This entry describes four parts: wusheng palace in Enshi, Hubei Province, wusheng palace in Manchuan, Shaanxi Province, wusheng palace in Pingxiang, Guangxi Province, and wusheng palace in Nanxian, Hunan Province. However, the latter part is a place name, not a temple.

Wusheng palace in Enshi City, Hubei Province is located at No. 104, Chengcheng street, Enshi City, covering an area of 3960 square meters and a construction area of 1057 square meters. It is a brick and stone wall structure Palace temple. In October 2002, the people's Government of Hubei Province approved and announced it as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. In 2003, Enshi Municipal government raised funds for maintenance. On December 1 of the same year, Enshi Prefecture was opened to the outside world on the occasion of its 20th anniversary.

Wusheng palace in Enshi, Hubei

geographical position

Wusheng palace in Enshi, Hubei Province, is located on the platform of huluping outside the South Gate of the city. It is tall and magnificent by virtue of the terrain. Walking on the streets of urban and rural areas, through the antique wooden houses, you can see the ancient and simple, Cangsang gable of wusheng palace; on the slope of the east side of the temple, you can see the magnificent arc-shaped fire sealing gable, with high and low scattered.

In front of wusheng palace is the confluence of Qingjiang River, Bagong River and Gaoqiao river. In the southeast, it faces Lianzhu tower across Qingjiang River. From a distance, you can see the great turn of Qingjiang River, the main peak of Wufeng mountain, Qingjiang cliff of Longshou mountain and national highway 209.

Wusheng Palace

Construction scale

Wusheng palace faces south, solemn, exquisite and majestic. The white wall contrasts with Shimen cave in the middle.

Stone gate: 1.6 meters wide, 2.5 meters high, carved above the stone gate "wusheng Palace" three word Temple forehead, horse head wall vertical and horizontal scattered, back tile hook drop color gray, wall top line angle beautiful, head angle towering. On both sides of the stone gate, there is a couplet in Enshi wusheng Palace: "master is holy, the greatest and the strongest, and he is born of righteousness; a gentleman is brave and fearless, and he is the foundation of human beings.".

Wusheng Palace: the plan is a rectangular "courtyard style" with narrow east-west and long South-North. Along the north-south axis, there are theater (entrance at the bottom), courtyard, Baoxia and main hall.

Theater building: 8.3 meters wide and 8.3 meters deep, with one ear room on each side, 2.7 meters wide and 4.3 meters deep; under the theater building, there was a pair of stone horses, but now there is only a pair of stone horse squatting columnar Panshi.

The theater is divided into a stage and a back room. The back room is the place where make-up is waiting to be performed. There is a couplet in front of the theater, which says: "looking at the past and learning from the present, a few feet of place can be home, country and the world; people of all ages can be virtuous, stupid and immortal". It was written in 2003 when it was repaired. Standing on the stage, you can imagine that the whole building is decorated with lights, cigarettes, gongs and drums, full of high-profile friends, and the audience is full of actors.

Courtyard: 13.7 meters wide and 12.3 meters deep. Baoxia is 13.6 meters wide and 3.57 meters deep. Baoxia is connected with the main hall, and its foundation is 1.1 meters higher than the courtyard. On both sides of the courtyard, there are stone steps to Baoxia. On both sides, there are wooden two-story buildings. The building is 17.7 meters deep, 3.4 meters wide and 2.1 meters high from the ground. The ground and courtyard at the bottom of the theater are inlaid with stone slabs. There is a patio on both sides of the building, 8.3 meters deep and 4.1 meters wide.

Main hall and Baoxia: the water from the inner eaves of the top is drained out of the palace through the sewer in the wall to the patio and drainage ditch. There are two doors turning from the patio to the outside, and seven steps are formed in the form of "two in one" to the viewing building, which is connected with the theater building.

The main hall of wusheng Palace: three rooms wide and three rooms deep, 13.6 meters wide and 14.5 meters deep. The wooden columns and Fang are tall and majestic. The ground is the same as Baoxia, which is paved with three kinds of clay. The stone piers and short columns under Baoxia and the theater tower are 1.8 meters high.

It is rare to see that there are no similar sculptures in the hall. The main hall was originally dedicated to the statue of Guandi and the statue of Guanping and Zhoucang. A wooden plaque was originally hung between the wooden beams on the front of the main hall and the Baoxia building. When it was repaired in 2003, a plaque couplet was written. One of the plaque couplets in the Baoxia building reads: "loyalty, righteousness, benevolence and bravery, the three religions are fully converted to Zhengzhen, and the heart of wisdom is like the sun hanging in the sky; Jiuzhou Pavilion is built to worship Mo Lingzhao, and the God is like water in the earth"; two of the plaque couplets in the main hall read: "the ambition is in the spring and Autumn period, the historian proposes to say that it is a mistake, and the people of Wu and Wei dynasties are regarded as heavenly things; the later generations reverence is the spirit of heaven." The emperor dares to talk about the great justice of the spring and Autumn period or the Minister of the Han Dynasty; the other one is "when the divine power is far away, the people of Beisi want to learn from the people of Beisi, and they kowtow their heads; when you enter this mountain, you should carefully feel your heart if you want to leave this mountain.".

There is a door at the back of the hall. It is said that there was a small Guanyin Temple in Pingba.

Palace history

rise

Wusheng palace was built in the first year of Yongli (the fourth year of Shunzhi, 1647) of the Southern Ming Dynasty. It was built by he Tengjiao, the general of the Southern Ming Dynasty. According to the inscription of Guansheng Temple written by he Tengjiao in Enshi county annals, art and Literature (Tongzhi edition of the Qing Dynasty), " Yu Kai was loyal to zhuxun town and was ordered to supervise the division Wei Huai, the Deputy General of the camp, was suitable to build a temple in Shizhou. The Jiugong temple was completed. He inquired about Jue Suoyao and captured the chieftain in his early years. The soldiers of the camp bravely exterminated this food and prayed for Jue Ling in order to fight for help and respect the appearance of the new temple. They had no good land since Yuan'an. Now they are in Yelang Nanguo temple, Kaiyuan Temple and Wensi temple In the middle of Linshui, tiegou and Zhijiang River, the shape is... "

He Tengjiao (1592-1649) was a minister of Nanming Dynasty, named Yuncong. He was born in lipingwei (now Liping) of Guizhou Province. He was the magistrate of Nanyang County in Chongzhen. He moved to youjindu Yushi and governor Huguang in order to suppress the peasant uprising. He was the governor of Huguang in the first year of Hongguang (1645). He contacted Li Zicheng's old peasant uprising army with the imperial Qing army in Longwu. In the first year of Yongli (1647), the Qing army fell into Hunan. He retreated to Guangxi. In the next year, he took advantage of Jin Shenghuan and Li Chengdong's opportunity to fight against the Qing Dynasty to recover most of Hunan. Later, he was defeated and captured in Xiangtan.

Tablet Inscription

The stone tablet in the inscription of Guansheng temple does not exist. It is said that the stone tablet is strange. In September 1917, Zheng Yongxi, the magistrate of Enshi County, wrote the strange stele of he Dushi in Guanmiao in the archaeological records of Shizhou According to this stele, it still exists today. The calligraphy is outstanding and vigorous. It is quite conceivable to see the governor himself, who has given people many miraculous eyes. According to Huang Shichong's postscript in Xufu Zhi, "the stele at the gate of Chaoyang Gate in the south of Shi Nanfu city is as bright as a mirror. It can see the landscape characters several miles away. In the fifth year of Guangxu, Shi Zhishi was given a different name. When you ask the author of the stele, you can't name it. One day you look at it, and Shi Yixun is like a person's words Yue goudan ordered the commander in chief to restore Jiang, Yu, Chu, Shu and Yun Gui, Guangxi's military grain and rates. He was the prince of Zhu state, the commander in chief of the military department of the grand division, Wei Huai and Zhou Yongfu, the deputy commander in chief of the loyal camp, Xu Guang, fan Siwen, Wang Ren and Zhao Tiren, the guerrillas fan Qilin, Cheng Shouchan, Shang Denglong, Liu Xiyuan, Guo Wenchang, Wang futu, Wang Guotai, Zhang cunxiao, Qin Jide and Ma Ying Qi, Yan, min, and Rui are in the same position. " He Gong's writing is unique in that he cherishes the stone, but he is lucky to be survived by the stone. Chu Gong's writing is as indelible as the sun and the moon. Therefore, heaven specially creates this stone, and Shousi Wener is known as the habit of writing on gold and stone. All the inscriptions in Shi's temples are well read, and the micro stone is fixed in the past. People who attach great importance to this stone have nothing to do with people.

textual research

To sum up, and according to the notes in Cihai: the temple of Wu is opposite to the Confucian temple. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the temple worshipping Guan Yu was called the temple of Wu. In the 35th year of the 22nd year of Wanli (1595), due to the request of the Taoist temple to pass the Yuan Dynasty, the temple was called Yinglie According to the records of "worshipping wusheng Temple" and the textual research on the location of Kaiyuan Temple, wusheng palace and daguange, wusheng palace was built in September 1647, the first year of Yongli in the Southern Ming Dynasty. The statement that "Guan temple, also known as daguange of wusheng palace, was built in the Tang Dynasty, named Kaiyuan Temple, and rebuilt by he Tengjiao in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty" is attached.

Renovation and transformation

The 24 ancient steles of Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty inlaid in the back wall of the courtyard, the wall of the watchtower on the right side and the wall on both sides of the hall are important relics of stele inscriptions, which are rare in number and rich in content. In December 2003, the inscriptions of wusheng palace were transcribed. The inscriptions mainly record the history of the articles of association, sacrificial rites, temple property and maintenance of the Sanying gang of Shinan Association, which is of great historical research value.

In 1736, the first year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, Shi Nan Association, a military organization of association level, was set up in Shi Nan Fu. Wusheng palace was not only a special place for the army to worship Guan Yu and other military related activities, but also a temple for Shi Nan Fu's defense sacrifice. Therefore, there are more or the most important inscriptions on the articles of association of the three camps of Shi Nan Association, including seven pieces in the ninth year of Jiaqing (1814), the nineteenth year of Daoguang (1839), the twenty sixth year of Daoguang (1846), the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), the seventh year of tongzhi (1870), the tenth year of tongzhi (1878), and the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888) As time goes by and the situation changes, the detailed regulations of Yizhu were revised.

In the 19th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1839), a tablet also recorded the fact that "it was found that Chen Da en Chang was responsible for the death of the soldiers in the right Camp of Nanxie, and his relatives claimed the aid and set up a tablet to warn the police.".

In 1740, the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and in 1885, the two steles also recorded that wusheng palace bought land and real estate, hired tenants and collected rent, and its income was used as the capital for sacrificing incense lanterns. Qianlong of Qing Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Wu Sheng Gong