Heilongjiang Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve

Heilongjiang Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve

Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve, located in Jidong County, Heilongjiang Province, is a forest ecosystem nature reserve. The total area of the reserve is 26570 square kilometers, the core area is 11053 square meters, the buffer area is 5659.6 square meters, and the experimental area is 9857.4 square meters.

The nature reserve was established in 1989 and was promoted to National Nature Reserve in February 2006.

Historical evolution

In 1989, the reserve was established as a county-level Tricholoma matsutake nature reserve;

In April 2002, it was promoted to provincial nature reserve;

In February 2006, it was promoted to a national nature reserve.

geographical environment

position

Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve is located in Jidong County, Heilongjiang Province. Its geographical coordinates are 130 ° 58 ′ 11 ″ - 131 ° 18 ′ 50 ″ e, 44 ° 52 ′ 03 ″ - 45 ° 05 ′ 28 ″ n.

Geology and geomorphology

Fenghuangshan National Forest Park has 89 peaks above 1000 meters above sea level, and the main peak is 1675 meters above sea level.

climate

Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve is located in Changbai Mountain, which has moderate and moist climate. It is changeable in a year. The climate is opposite across the mountain, and the temperature difference between the top and the foot of the mountain is wide. The annual average temperature is 2-3 ℃. It is cold in winter and the snowfall can reach 2000 mm; it is short and hot in summer. The annual average precipitation is about 800mm.

Range area

The total area of Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve is 26570 square meters, the core area is 11053 square meters, the buffer area is 5659.6 square meters, and the experimental area is 9857.4 square meters.

It starts from daobeiling in the East, passes through the top of five groups of hills, crosses Balingshan reservoir, turns south along the ridge of West Mountain of wupai village, passes 524.1m peak to 593m peak; in the south, from 593m peak to southwest along the national boundary, passes three stones to 681.4m peak, and then reaches the original 64 linban ridge of Sishan forest farm, with a total length of 45km; in the west, it turns northwest, passes 654m peak, turns northeast along Jinchanggou River, and finally reaches the original 64 linban ridge of Sishan forest farm It passes through the 491.8-meter peak and reaches Laotai mountain in the northeast along the ridge; it starts from Laotai mountain in the north, passes through lilianhe mountain in the northeast to Pingyang small reservoir, and flows along the river to daobeiling as the north boundary.

Protection target

object

Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province is a forest ecosystem nature reserve. The main protected objects are temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem and rare animal and plant species, mainly natural Pinus Xingkai, Tricholoma matsutake, Taxus cuspidata and other rare plants and rare wild animals.

Botany

There are more than 900 species of higher plants in the nature reserve, including Changbai flora and North China flora. Below 400 meters above sea level, there are mainly representative species of North China flora, such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis, Quercus, Pterocarya stenoptera, Ailanthus altissima, weeping willow, and a large area of Pinus tabulaeformis forest. The representative plants of Changbai flora, such as Pinus koraiensis, Acer negundo, Panax ginseng, pseudosequoia, Catalpa bungei, Carex quadriflorus, grow in the area above 400 meters above sea level. In addition, there are some plants that only exist in this transitional zone, such as Magnolia sieboldii, Acer leaf grass, yulinghua, yiyanghuo, Haloxylon, etc. The vegetation type belongs to the transitional zone between temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, including Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Juglans mandshurica forest, deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, Quercus mongolica forest, Quercus Quercus forest, Quercus acutissima forest, Pterocarya stenoptera forest, and larch and Korean pine plantation.

National protected plants include ginseng, Juglans mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Taxus cuspidata, etc.

animal

The vegetation in the reserve is in the original state. According to the investigation of international cooperation among China, the United States and Russia, there are 5-6 Amur tigers in Russia bordering on the reserve. Since the establishment of the reserve in 1989, Amur tigers have been active frequently, and their activity footprints can be seen every year. At the end of December 2004, 2-3 family wild Amur tigers were found in the reserve preying on wild boars.

There are more than 170 kinds of wild animals in the reserve. The main species are otter, roe deer, red fox, raccoon dog, weasel, Hynobius davidianus, Rana rugosa, Rana chensinensis, lizard, viper, etc.

There are 19 kinds of animals under state protection, such as kite, kestrel, white tailed sea eagle, grey backed Falcon and white headed crane.

① Common Bunting

Falconiformes, Falconidae, also known as leopard. The male is 52 cm long and the female is 57 cm long. Its body is dark brown, its head is light brown, and its tail has a number of indistinct black transverse spots; its wings each have a large white fast spot; its legs are brown or yellowish brown. It has a black beak and feeds on small mammals. The breeding period is from May to June, with 2 to 3 eggs per nest.

② Grey backed Falcon

Falconiformes, Falconidae. It's also called dove eagle. The body length is 28-33 mm, the upper body is blue gray, and each feather has black dry lines. There is a brown collar on the back neck with black spots; there are brown coarse lines on the chest, abdomen and flanks. The beak is gray blue and the tip is black.

Grey backed Falcon inhabits in mountain valleys, open fields, deserts, grasslands and thickets. It hunts pigeons and other birds in the air, and also eats lizards, frogs and insects. The eggs are brick red and covered with dark reddish brown spots.

scenic spot

Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve integrates resources protection, scientific research, eco-tourism and sustainable utilization. Its special geographical location, topography and forest resources create a unique natural landscape. Xiaolutai mountain, huxiantang mountain, Jianshanzi mountain, baling mountain and other peaks are undulating and scattered. The Jinchanggou River, daxianancha River and other rivers are surrounded by mountains, passing through the mountains and valleys and converging into the Balingshan reservoir. Some sections and stone walls are in various shapes.

The alpine wetland is located at the top of Fenghuang mountain, with a long distance of 500-600 hectares and an altitude of more than 1600 meters. It is known as the "kidney of mountains"; the "carpet" woven by bryophytes throughout the millennium is highly elastic and rich in water conservation.

On the east side of Fenghuang, there are dozens of hectares of alpine Yansong, crisscross and magnificent.

Alpine Rhododendron is a special Rhododendron, which is located between the communities of Pinus elliottii and accompanied by mosses

Gaoshan stone sea is located on one side of Gaoshan garden. It is hundreds of meters around, with bare bare stones and small towers built by stones.

High mountain paddy field is located between Fenghuang Mountain and Laoyeling mountain. A large pond field is full of plants similar to rice seedlings. People call it "high mountain paddy field".

High mountain birch widely distributed around the top of the Phoenix, such as plum, snake, a variety of forms, charm natural.

Rhodiola sachalinensis growing in the surface soil above 1600 meters above sea level has the effects of anti fatigue, anti radiation and anti-aging.it is a precious medicinal material in high mountains.

According to experts, there are more than 1400 species of plants and 309 species of vertebrates in the area. There are 52 species of national key protected animals and plants, including 12 species of national first and second class wild plants and 40 species of wild animals, which are the most abundant and well preserved areas in Heilongjiang Province.

Protection area management

scientific research

In 2012, the school of life sciences of Beijing Normal University cooperated with the nature reserve to install field infrared cameras for the Northeast Tiger monitoring project, and photographed deer, black bear, wild boar, Siberian roe deer and other wild animals.

Administration

① Strengthen the executive power to ensure the implementation of the protection plan of important ecological function areas. To ensure that the ecological service function of the important ecological function protection areas within the jurisdiction will not decline, and the environmental quality will improve year by year. We should actively promote biodiversity conservation. We will gradually establish a multi sectoral joint conference system for biodiversity conservation, and promote the construction of ecological corridors and basic research platforms for biodiversity conservation.

② Accelerate the research on the protection policies and norms of important ecological function areas, gradually strengthen the guiding function of ecological policies, norms and planning, promote ecological protection and development in an institutionalized and standardized way, and include ecological protection and development in the scope of the government's core functions. In accordance with the principle that prohibition means support and limitation means supplement, it is necessary to accelerate the formulation of policy research and transfer payment methods of ecological compensation mechanism for key ecological function areas within the jurisdiction.

③ We should make full use of all kinds of media to publicize the important role and significance of the construction of important ecological function areas, improve the people's awareness of ecological environment protection, popularize the concept of ecological civilization, and promote public participation.

Status value

The establishment of Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve plays an important role in promoting the recovery of Amur tiger population in China and establishing the migration channel between China and Russia.

Fenghuangshan National Nature Reserve has the characteristics of rarity, vulnerability, typicality and diversity. It plays an important role in the temperate forest ecological type Nature Reserve in northern China. It is one of the areas with great potential and value in the ecological environment construction of Heilongjiang Province.

Address: Jidong County, Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province

Longitude: 131.192425

Latitude: 45.06536

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Feng Huang Shan Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu