Huaiyuan gate

Huaiyuan gate

Huaiyuan gate is located at the west end of Shenyang Road in Fangcheng, commonly known as daximen. It was built in 1631 and is an important symbol of Shenyang old city wall.

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brief introduction

In April 1634, Huang Taiji changed Shenyang to "the capital of heaven's dependents", and personally ordered the name of eight gates, west gate

To the south, Huaiyuanmen. In 1930, Huaiyuan gate was demolished. In 1994, Shenhe District government expanded its original site, added its old system and rebuilt Huaiyuan gate. In the past, it was the gateway of the inner city, the only way for the officials of the Qing Dynasty to get in and out, and also an important military defense facility. Between Huaiyuan gate and Fujin gate is called "Shenyang Road"

The history of Huaiyuanmen

There are two gates and tall gatehouses on each side of Shengjing ancient city. There are also semicircular urn outside each gate. The front is closed, and an arched gate is opened on each side. On the one hand, its function is to protect the gate from direct attack; on the other hand, it highlights the outer part of the city wall, so that the defenders can attack the enemy from the side with bows, arrows and artillery fire. The "horse face" (commonly known as "Chengtai") in the middle of each section of the city wall has a similar effect. In addition, at the four corners of the city wall, there are also one turret built on the city wall, each of which is three stories high. Together with eight gatehouses, there are 12 towering turrets in all directions of the city wall, which look solemn and beautiful both inside and outside the city.

Shenyang Zhongwei in Ming Dynasty was a "ten" pattern of four city gates. After inheriting Khan's throne, Huang Taiji built a new city on the basis of the original city wall from the first year of Tiancong to the fifth year of Tiancong (1627-1631 A.D.), thickening, heightening and strengthening the city wall; changing the four gates of the Ming Dynasty into eight gates, each of the Eight Banners guarding one gate, and changing the city passage from the cross street to the Jingzi street in the Ming Dynasty.

The eight gates still use the old name of Nurhachi for Liaoyang, that is, the gates in the South and North by East are Desheng (commonly known as Da Nan men) and Fusheng (Da Bei men); in the West are Tianyou (Xiao Nan men) and dizai (Xiao Bei men); in the East and west by South are Fujin (Da Dong men) and Huaiyuan (Da Xi men); in the north are Neizhi (Xiao Dong men) and Waihuan (Xiao Xi men). Among them, Huai Yuan Fu Jin, internal governance and external governance were the national policies of Nurhachi and Huang Taiji at that time. Virtue and happiness are the blessings of heaven and earth, and the meaning of long national fortune, which is in line with the national policy of the rulers.

In the 1950s, eight city gates were demolished for convenient transportation.

The legend of Huaiyuan gate

Deng Da Ren Temple

After emperor Taiji ascended the throne, he decided to rebuild Shenyang City. Princes and ministers, Prince Baylor unanimously elected Deng gongchi as the city manager.

Deng gongchi, a Han nationality, is "talented and rich in books". After accepting the arduous task of building Shenyang City, Deng gongchi read a large number of materials about the construction of the city, personally inspected the old city of Ming Dynasty and pondered hard. He was inspired by the theory of Yin Yang and eight trigrams in the book of changes. Therefore, he followed the principle of "Taiji produces Liangyi, Liangyi produces Sixiang, Sixiang produces Bagua, Bagua should be Jiugong." Shenyang city map is designed based on the idea of "the central temple (Taiji)", the second floor of the bell and drum (East and West), the four towers (four elephants), the eight gates and eight passes (eight trigrams). Its outline is the sky, and the square of the city is the pool; there are eight Shangming towers in the eight gates, plus four turrets in the square city, which means 12 months; the eight gates are all composed of the main gate and the left and right urn cities, which means 24 solar terms. This design not only shows the style of the Han nationality, but also condenses the magnificent momentum of the Han Dynasty. It also shows Deng gongchi's rigorous conception and accurate calculation.

A few years later, Shenyang City was completed, with eight gates and eight gates, which evolved into eight eight hundred and sixty-four hexagrams; the cross street of Ming Dynasty was changed into Jing Zi street by extending in all directions from east to west, north to South; three storey Ming tower was added, and 651 crenels were raised. Huang Taiji was very happy after seeing it. He repeatedly rewarded the silver and made Deng gongchi famous both in the government and the public.

The addition of Shang Jue made several treacherous officials in the government and the public very envious. One day, these treacherous officials quietly said to Huang Taiji, "it's false that Deng gongchi built the city. It's true that he wants to destroy the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. Otherwise, why is there no Watergate in such a big capital? Once the heavy rain continued, wouldn't the whole city be submerged? "Huang Taiji asked people to take a look at the city map. Sure enough, there was no Watergate on the map. He was furious and ordered Deng gongchi to be beheaded. The strange thing is that Deng gongchi's head was covered with dust and he didn't fall down. The Minister of the Ministry of punishment reported to Huang Taiji that Huang Taiji was a little strange. He thought, did he kill Deng gongchi by mistake? So he asked the supervisors and craftsmen who worked with Deng gongchi to repair the city. When he asked, he found out that Deng gongchi had already repaired the diving channel inside the city, which went straight to the moat outside the city. He dug 72 diving pipes inside the city, built the bottom with large building stones, filled the upper layer with gravel, and finally covered it with sand. In this way, we can not only prevent the enemy from poaching the Watergate, but also protect the beautiful jade of Shenyang City. At this time, Mrs. Deng came to plead for her husband and sent a memorial before Deng gongchi was executed. When Huang Taiji looked at it, it said: "up to down, rain to wind, the mainland to the sky; South to north, West to East, Tiangang to Disha, eight trigrams to Shengjing, Qing Dynasty into a tube (system)". It also marked the names of eight gates, namely, Tianyou to dizai, Desheng to Fusheng, Neizhi to Wai, Fujin to Huaiyuan. It turned out that Deng gongchi had designed all the names of Shenyang's eight gates, but it had not been played yet. At this point, Huang Taiji regretted killing talents by mistake, so he gave Mrs. Deng good advice and a thousand taels of silver as a token of sympathy.

From the next day, it rained heavily for three days and three nights in Shenyang. On the fourth day, after rain, there was no water in Shenyang.

Huang Taiji was very sad that Deng gongchi was wrongly killed, so he built a "Deng Da Ren Temple" outside the gate of Huaiyuan. The heads of those treacherous officials were used to sacrifice the dead of Deng gongchi, and the 28th day of the lunar calendar was set as the mourning day.

Ghost door six eyes

The eight gates of Shengjing can be called the gateway of the capital. Its function is not only a place for officials to go in and out of the capital, but also an important military defense facility. There are many records in Qing Dynasty history books, and folk legends are endless. In particular, there is an old saying that daximen (Huaiyuan gate), one of the eight gates, used to be a place where prisoners were executed, and then it was moved to the south of daximen road. Therefore, people call daximen (Huaiyuan gate) a "ghost gate" and daximen a "ghost gate". At that time, the village woman had a saying that was very vindictive - "out of daximen". Coincidentally, there are six small eyes on the gate of daximen, which are not found in the other seven gates, so there is a saying of "six eyes of Guimen". When friends make jokes or speak up, they often say: "don't let your ghost eyebrows slip through your eyes." it means that no matter how cunning you are, no matter how treacherous you are, you can't help going out and getting on the ghost list. In the old days, people were most afraid of going to hell. On the first day and the fifteenth day of the lunar new year, the faithful men and women would burn incense and worship outside the gate.

Current situation of Huaiyuanmen

Nowadays, except for Huaiyuanmen and fujinmen, the other six gates in Shengjing leave only place names. The Huaiyuan gate and Fujin gate are both rebuilt in recent years. However, due to the limitation of road traffic requirements and the hasty process of reconstruction, the proportion of the two gates (especially Huaiyuan gate) is seriously out of balance, but it can be regarded as a memorial to history.

Address: Forbidden City (intersection of Shenyang Road, Xishuncheng Street)

Longitude: 123.4489575215

Latitude: 41.797465002791

Chinese PinYin : Huai Yuan Men