Argun River

Argun River

Hailar River, which means snow River in Mongolian, is located in Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, and is the upper reaches of Erguna river. It originates from the west slope of jiluchina in the west of Daxing'an Mountains and flows from east to west. Its source is Dayan river. Hailaer river was named after it confluenced with kudur River in the southwest of wuerqi town. The main stream has a total length of 622 kilometers, a drainage area of 54810 square kilometers, and an average annual runoff of 3.662 billion cubic meters.

The annual snow thickness in the basin can reach half a meter. The freezing period is about 200 days. There are two flood peaks in a year, one is the snowmelt period in May, and the other is the summer rain period in August.

General situation of main stream

Hailaer river is called Kaili in Liao history, hefuli in secret history of Mongolia, Hailaer in Yuan history, Kaila River in Shengjing Tongzhi, Hailaer and Kaila in Heilongjiang waiji.

It's the source of the Erguna river. It originates from the West foot of jiluchina in Daxinganling in Wuerqihan town of Yakeshi city and flows from east to west. The upper source of Hailaer river is Dayan River, which is called Hailaer river only after it joins with Kuduer River 8 km southwest of Wuerqihan town. The main stream of Hailaer river is 622 km long, 50-200 m wide, with a drainage area of 54810 km2 and an average annual runoff of 3.662 billion cubic meters.

The upstream river network is developed and concentrated in the eastern part of the basin. The upper reaches of the main stream and its tributaries are undulating with a V-shaped valley with a width of 1-2km and a slope of more than 20 degrees. The river is clear with little sand. The river below Yakeshi flows into the high plain, surrounded by a 20 meter high platform on the West Bank. The river valley is 3-5 km wide and 100-200 m wide. The river channel gradually declines gently, the downward shear force of the flow becomes weak, the lateral erosion force increases, and the bending coefficient is 2-2.5. Because of the wide distribution of ancient rivers and marshes in the beach area, it is easy to overflow and diffuse when the water is heavy, resulting in the increase of leakage, resulting in the lower runoff being less than that of the upper. On the West Bank, the tributaries are densely distributed, and the river network structure is dendritic. The tributaries include Dayan River (the source of the river), kudur River, miandu River, Yimin River, murigele River, teni River, etc. Both sides of the main and tributaries are primeval forest and secondary forest, with good vegetation and strong water conservation function, which are the main runoff producing areas of Hailaer river.

Hailar River is divided into two branches in the south of abakatu mountain in the north of Donghu District, Manzhouli City. Its main stream turns northeast at the foot of abakatu mountain and is renamed Erguna river,

After the confluence of the shileka River, it is Heilongjiang and flows into the sea of Okhotsk.

Main tributaries

Yimin River, originated at the foot of Mushan mountain in the south of Daxing'an Mountains, is 470.1 km long and has a drainage area of 22721.7 square kilometers. It flows from south to north, passes through the center of Hailar District, and joins Hailar River near the second Haibei bridge in the north of Hailar District. The main stream is Huihe.

Morgele River, originated in chenbalhu banner, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, at the West foot of Daxinganling Mountains, is 319 km long and has a drainage area of 4987 square kilometers. It flows from northeast to southwest into Huhe Nuoer lake and then flows out. It flows into Hailaer river near Wugu Nuoer station of Binzhou line.

Miandu river originates from the northwest foot of hadaling in Daxing'an Mountains, with a length of 194.2 km and a drainage area of 6704 square km, with an average gradient of 1.07 ‰. Its upper source is zadun River, which joins with wunur River 5 km north of beitouhe station, and is called miandu river. It passes through the urban area of Yakeshi city from south to north, and flows into Hailar River near beimugui pasture in Yakeshi city. The main tributaries are Beidahe River, Xiboer River, shuishuigou River, Nanbo River and so on; the main tributaries are all located in mountainous forest areas.

Kuduer River, which originates from the West foot of qinggeletu in Daxing'an Mountains, has a length of 186.9 km and a drainage area of 3484 km2, with an average gradient of 1.04 ‰. From northeast to southwest, it flows to 8 kilometers southwest of Wuerqihan Town, converges with Dayan River and flows into Hailar River. The main and tributaries are all located in mountainous forest areas, with luxuriant forests, large undulating terrain, steep slopes and rapid flow. The main tributaries are waixin River, Taipinggou River, Yuanlin River, badur River, damoguai River, etc.

hydrographic features

Hailaer river is called Hailaer water in history. Hailaer, the Mongolian language Hailar, hailas, means elmu and Yulin. In ancient times, Hailaer area was also known as yumuchuan. Therefore, it was named by the place name Minghe, which is also the geographical naming habit of northern ethnic groups. It is located in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Hailar District is the seat of Hulunbeier municipal government.

It is located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, southwest of Hulunbeier City, and the junction zone between the low mountains and hills at the West foot of Daxinganling and the eastern edge of Hulunbeier high plain. Its geographical coordinates are 119 ° 30 ′ 48 ″ - 120 ° 35 ′ 36 ″ E and 49 ° 5 ′ 44 ″ - 19 ° 27 ′ 15 ″ n.

Hailar District is surrounded by three mountains and two rivers, forming a unique urban style in Northern Xinjiang.

Dongshan, Xishan and Beishan formed a dustpan shape. There are two rivers in Hailar District, with a total length of more than 1000 km.

Hailaer river is a river with summer rain and winter snow. Originating from the west side of the Great Xing'an Mountains, it is 1430 kilometers long. The drainage area is 54500 square kilometers.

The annual snow thickness in the basin can reach half a meter. The freezing period is about 200 days. There are two flood peaks in the middle of the year, one is the snowmelt period in May, and the other is the summer rain period in August.

The average annual discharge of Yakeshi station is 60.1 m3 / s, and the maximum is 1000 m3 / s.

The width of the valley is 30-130 meters, the water depth is about 1 meter, and the velocity is generally 2 meters per second. The width of the valley to Hailaer is 150 meters. The meandering flow of the river is developed, and the flow rate is about 1 m / s. The average annual flow of Hailaer station is 101 m3 / s, and the highest is 1800 m3 / s.

The main stream flows from east to west through Yakeshi and meets with miandu river. It receives Yimin River in Hailaer City, and then flows into moleger River in wugur. It flows to abagetu on the plateau, and then turns to North and joins Erguna river.

Both sides of Hailaer River are rich in forest, grassland, coal and other resources, and the soil is fertile, which has great potential to develop forestry and animal husbandry agriculture, timber and energy industry.

Hailar River is the upper source of Erguna river. It is called Kaili in the history of Liao Dynasty, hechili in the secret history of Mongolia, Hailaer in the history of Yuan Dynasty, Kaila River in Shengjing Tongzhi, Hailaer and Kaila in Heilongjiang waiji. From the birthplace of jiluchina Piedmont on the west side of the Great Xing'an Mountains to abagaidui in the north of zhalanuoer, it is about 1430 km long with clear river water and a drainage area of 54500 square kilometers.

The Hailaer river basin is fan-shaped, and the river network is mostly concentrated in the East. The main tributaries are kuridor River, Muyang River, morgele River, Mindu River, Yimin River, etc.

Most of the tributaries originate from the west slope of Daxing'an Mountains, where most of them are primary and secondary forest areas, with luxuriant trees, good water conservation, abundant water and large undulating terrain.

Below Yakeshi City, Hailar River runs across Hulunbeier prairie. The river valley is open and the river course is circuitous. Every spring, the river is abundant and irrigates the beautiful prairie.

The culture of Hailaer River Basin has been proved by archaeology to be the first dawn of Chinese civilization. Hailaer Valley is the living area of Neolithic residents in China. The downstream zalainuor area is the cultural center of zhalaainuor in the Middle Paleolithic and early Neolithic period. The discovered zalainuor people are the earliest people in the history of Chinese civilization and modern people in 11400 BC. They are the first ethnic group in China to make pottery, and their social development is in the stage of collecting hunting .

The "hake culture" in the middle reaches of hake area is the inheritance of ZALAINUOER culture. Archaeology has proved that Chinese people began nomadic and farming as early as the Neolithic period.

The history of jade culture in Hailaer is much older than that in Central Plains. According to archaeologists, it is one of the sources of Chinese jade culture. Hailaer river basin is also the cradle of northern nationalities in Liao, Jin, Meng, yuan and Qing Dynasties. Many nationalities started from here and stepped onto the stage of Chinese history.

It has been a famous ranch since ancient times, and has raised many ancient nomads. Genghis Khan's Mongolian tribes once lived in this area, which was his old camp at that time.

Hailaer river was called "Haile River" in Liao Dynasty; it was called "HANALI River" in secret history of Mongolia; it was called "Hailaer River" in Yuan history; it was recorded as "Kaici River" in Shengjing Tongzhi; it also had different transliteration of "Hailaer River" and "Kailali River". Hailaer, located between Hulun Lake and Beier lake, was the center of Hulunbeier and was called "Hulunbeier city" in ancient times .

Governance and development

Treatment within a time limit

The pollution of Hailar River in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, has been concerned by Premier Zhu Rongji of the State Council. The city is speeding up the construction of sewage treatment plants and garbage harmless treatment plants. Enterprises are required to treat them within a time limit, and those who fail to meet the standards will be shut down.

Hailaer river is 708.5km long, with a drainage area of 54500km2. It is the "Mother River" that nourishes Hulunbeier grassland.

In recent years, Hailar River has been seriously polluted. Hailar District, Yake

Chinese PinYin : Hai La Er He