Maoer Hutong

Maoer Hutong starts from NanLuoGu Lane in the East and ends at di'anmenwai street in the West. It is connected with Doudou Hutong in the north and dongbuyaqiao Hutong in the south. In the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Maoer Hutong because of its hat making workshop.

The intact Siheyuan in Maoer Hutong include: Maoer Hutong No.5, Maoer Hutong No.9 (Keyuan), Maoer Hutong No.11 (Wenyu house), Maoer Hutong No.13 (former residence of Feng Guozhang), Maoer Hutong No.21 (site of Wenchang palace in Zitong Temple), Maoer Hutong No.37 (former residence of Wanrong), Maoer Hutong No.45 (yamen of the Qing Dynasty, security team base of the Republic of China), etc. The top of Maoer Hutong intersects with NanLuoGu lane. In the past, there was the famous Ju'er Hutong, and the end is Yandai Hutong. Therefore, if you want to visit here and feel the flavor of old Beijing, Maoer hutong is a good choice.

Maoer Hutong

Maoer hutong is located in the northwest of Dongcheng District, Beijing. It starts from NanLuoGu Lane in the East and ends at di'anmenwai street in the West. In Ming Dynasty, it was called Zitong Temple Wenchang palace, and in Qing Dynasty, it was called Maoer Hutong.

Wenchang palace is the place where the emperor Wenchang is worshipped. The emperor Wenchang, the star of Wenqu, is the God in charge of Wenyun in myths and legends. Built on the site of Wenchang palace is Maoer Hutong primary school. No. 9 and No. 11 of Maoer Hutong are Keyuan, one of the most representative private gardens in Beijing. No. 35 and No. 37 are the former residences of Wanrong, the last queen. In addition to Wanrong, many celebrities lived in this lane, such as Hong Chengchou, the general of Ming Dynasty, and Feng Guozhang, the Northern Warlord.

Characteristics of Hutong

Maoer hutong is located between Gulou and Di'anmen in the old urban area of Beijing, the intersection area of Dongcheng District, NanLuoGu Lane in the East, and Di'anmen central axis of Longmai in Beijing in the West. It is a very famous Hutong among the 25 surviving Hutong reserves in Beijing. It is one of the top ten Hutongs in Beijing, ranking fourth. Maoer Hutong, with a history of 100 years, has been eroded by years, but it still retains its original style.

Maoer hutong is east-west, 585 meters long and 7 meters wide. Both ends of Maoer Hutong are connected with the bustling streets, and there are many cars shuttling through it from time to time. Under the dense forest, fashionable sports cars and ancient tricycles crisscross between the red door and the gray wall, which reveals the extraordinary status of Maoer Hutong.

Main buildings

Courtyard Dwellings

The existing Siheyuan Maoer hutong is located in the intersection area of Dongcheng District. The existing Siheyuan in good condition are: Maoer Hutong No.5, Maoer Hutong No.9 (Keyuan), Maoer Hutong No.11 (Wenyu house), Maoer Hutong No.13 (former residence of Feng Guozhang), Maoer Hutong No.21 (site of Wenchang palace in Zitong Temple), Maoer Hutong No.37 (former residence of Wanrong), Maoer Hutong No.45 (former residence of Qing Tidu Yamen and security team of the Republic of China), etc. At the beginning of Maoer Hutong, it also intersects with the famous NanLuoGu lane. In the past, there was also the famous Ju'er Hutong, where was the residence of Ronglu, the first assistant of military aircraft. On the other side of the tail is the famous Yandai Hutong. The stone lions that once climbed up are still well placed in front of gate 11, Hutong, Houhai, old walls, green trees, and the long and strong Beijing culture of China.

No. 1 Wenchang Temple (now only one imperial monument inscribed by Liu Yong) is a residential building.

Courtyard No.5, near the east entrance of Hutong, zhumendaiwa, is a typical courtyard in Qing Dynasty, but the gate is always closed tightly.

The entrance of No. 13 courtyard has been changed into a home. A door has been opened beside it. You can't see how magnificent the courtyard is from the outside. During the period of the Republic of China, Feng Guozhang, the president of the Beiyang government, was forced to step down from office. He once worked here for free, and died in this courtyard a year later. The courtyard still retains the buildings of the Republic of China.

B 38 is the main service and reception facilities of Dongcheng District Youth Art Museum: 38 is huifuda hotel;

B 43 is hailishe tea house; shogunate Raz Indian restaurant; B 43 is hailishe tea house;

Yard 45 was once the governor's Yamen of the Qing Dynasty and the Ministry of security of the Republic of China. After liberation, it was changed into the central experimental theater, and a staff dormitory was built in the yard. A tower built in the 1980s was extremely incompatible with the surrounding courtyard. The governor's Yamen had disappeared.

Wen yuzhai

Located at No. 7-13 of Maoer Hutong, it is a large house composed of five courtyards in parallel, covering an area of 11000 square meters. It has a broad scale, strict layout, complete mountain, pool, pavilion and pavilion. It is very rare in the existing private houses. "Keyuan" in this house is a key cultural relic protection unit of the state, but the scope of protection includes the other four houses.

Keyuan

It was completed in 1861. It is about 97 meters long from north to South and 26 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of about 4 mu. It is divided into two courtyards, the front yard center is a marsh pond, and the back yard center is a rockery. They are independent and run through the eastern corridor. There is a main hall or a main room in the front and back courtyard, which is located in the center, facing south and back north, and a small hall in the west chamber, which is balanced with the corridor in the East.

All the buildings in Keyuan are made of gray tubular tiles, and the walls are mainly made of fair faced brick walls, which are relatively simple without white powder. The halls and pavilions are red pillars, and the corridors are green pillars. Liang Fang was decorated with Su style color paintings, but it was not fully covered. It was only decorated at the hoop head and Fang heart. There are obvious central axis and main box concept in the whole garden. The layout is sparse and elegant, the architecture is exquisite and generous, the mountains and rocks are exquisite, the pool is tortuous, and there are many precious ancient trees such as pine, locust and mulberry. The whole garden is still well preserved. It is a representative work of private gardens in Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty.

Hutong primary school

Maoer Hutong primary school in Dongcheng District of Beijing is located at No.3, No.17 Maoer Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing

Maoer Hutong primary school was founded in October 1950. With the support of the government, Fang Peiting and other enthusiastic educators set up "Xinmin primary school" to recruit children who did not go to school.

In 1951, it was accepted by the government and officially named "Maoer Hutong primary school in Dongcheng District". Zhao Guoheng, the first president.

In 1960, the Education Bureau appointed Comrade Liu Ping (female), the first Communist Party member during the long march of the Red Army, as the president.

In 1966, the Education Bureau selected Hu Yanhua, a first-class teacher, to take over the post of headmaster. After the "Cultural Revolution", Zhang Dezhong was appointed secretary and President by the Education Bureau in 1978.

In July 2001, Zhou Xinyue was transferred to our school due to work needs, and formally took over the post of president at the end of the same year.

Secret radio

Maoer Hutong No. 2, which used to be the secret radio station of the city Work Department of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China in Shanxi, Chahar and Hebei. During the war of liberation, under the leadership of Liu Ren, the Urban Work Department of the Central Bureau of the CPC Shanxi Chahar Hebei Central Committee dispatched personnel to Beiping city and set up secret radio stations, one of which was located at No. 2 Maoer Hutong.

Zhao Zhenmin, an underground Party member, is in charge of Maoer Hutong No.2 secret radio station. Zhao Zhenmin used to work in Jizhong military division. In 1943, he was sent to Tianjin by Liu Ren to do underground work, and was responsible for copying the clear code telegrams from Yan'an Xinhua news agency. In July 1946, he was sent to Beiping as a radio operator of the underground radio station.

Peiping, under the rule of the Kuomintang, had strict control over communication equipment. In order to get the equipment, the underground party opened a "Longyun electric material store" in the West Fourth North Street. Zhao Zhenmin worked as a clerk during the day and assembled a transmitter with another underground Party member Li Xue at night.

The discipline of underground radio stations is very strict. The work of the telegraph operator, the translator and the traffic attendant shall be strictly separated, and the two parties shall not contact each other. The telegraph operator is only responsible for sending and receiving telegrams. The interpreter is responsible for translating telegrams into codes or codes into messages. The telegrams are all encrypted, and the traffic officers don't know the contents or where the radio station is. The collection and delivery of telegrams took place in the Hutong.

In January 1949, the Kuomintang Beiping garrison built a temporary airport in Dongdan square, and the PLA bombarded it from outside the city. At first, the hit rate was low, and the underground radio station reported the landing point to the Pingjin front command in time. The artillery corrected the trajectory accordingly, and finally blocked the airport with artillery fire. Underground radio station has made an important contribution to the peaceful liberation of Peiping.

Former residence of Feng Guozhang

Feng Guozhang's former residence is located at 11 Maoer Hutong. He was born on December 4, 1859, and died in 1919. Huafu word, Hebei Hejian county.

After Yuan Shikai became the provisional president of the Republic of China, Feng served as the governor and civil affairs chief of Zhili, and later as the governor of Jiangsu Province. He once opposed Yuan Shikai's claim to be emperor. In October 1916, he was elected vice president of the Republic of China. After the failure of Zhang Xun's restoration in 1917, Feng acted as vice president and left office in 1918.

The former residence used to be a group of large-scale residential gardens with the architectural style of Qing Dynasty, but now it has been separated. The west is the residence, the East is the lower house, and the middle is the garden, forming a grand building. The existing courtyard No. 11, originally the main part of the house, faces south and is divided into five courtyards. There is a gate with eight character walls and stone on both sides.

Tidu yamen of Qing Dynasty and security team of Republic of China: No.45 Maoer Hutong. That is to say, the infantry command the yamen, commonly known as the nine gate governor, whose function is to take charge of the public security of the capital, and assist in some criminal names.

Wanrong's former residence

35 and 37 Maoer Hutong. The residence of Pu Yi's wife Wanrong before marriage.

It was built by Wanrong's great grandfather Guo bro Changshun. It used to be a more ordinary house. After Wanrong was canonized as "Queen", her father was granted the third class Chengen mansion, and the house was upgraded to Chengen mansion. As a "rear residence", it will be expanded. West Road four into the courtyard. The east road is three entrances

Chinese PinYin : Mao Er Hu Tong