Wolong Nature Reserve

wolong national nature reserve

synonym

Wolong Nature Reserve generally refers to Wolong National Nature Reserve

Wolong Nature Reserve is located in the southwest of Wenchuan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, on the southeast slope of Qionglai mountains, 130 km away from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, with convenient transportation. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) supported the construction of Wolong Nature Reserve.

Wolong Nature Reserve is the third National Nature Reserve. Sichuan Province is the largest nature reserve with the most complex natural conditions and the most rare animals and plants. Across Wolong and Gengda townships, the reserve is 52 km long from east to west and 62 km wide from north to south, with a total area of about 700000 hectares. It mainly protects the natural ecosystem of southwest mountain forest area and rare animals such as giant panda.

In July 2018, leopard first appeared in Wolong National Nature Reserve, the "panda kingdom".

Historical evolution

In 1963, a nature reserve was established. It covers an area of 200000 hectares.

In January 1980, Wolong Nature Reserve of Sichuan Province joined the man and Biosphere Reserve (mAb reserve) of UNESCO, and cooperated with WWF to establish the Research Center for giant panda conservation in China

.

In 1983, he joined the international "man and biosphere project". The main protected objects are rare animals such as giant panda and forest ecosystem.

In March 1983, with the approval of the State Council, Wolong and Gengda communes of Wenchuan County in Wolong Nature Reserve were designated as Wolong Special Administrative Region of Wenchuan County, under the dual leadership of the Ministry and the province, and managed by the forestry department. In July, the provincial government and the former Ministry of forestry jointly made a decision to change Wolong Special Administrative Region of Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province into Wolong Special Administrative Region of Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province The comprehensive management system of Natural Reserve Management Bureau

.

On May 12, 2008, Wolong National Nature Reserve, less than 20 kilometers from the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, suffered unprecedented losses

. Hong Kong has taken the initiative to undertake 23 construction projects in Wolong Nature Reserve, including 11 ecological conservation projects and 12 livelihood infrastructure projects. Moreover, the remaining 190 million yuan will also be used to optimize the Wolong project aided by the Special Administrative Region

In June, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region proposed to help build Wolong National Nature Reserve. In October of that year, the two sides formally signed an agreement on reconstruction cooperation, with a total assistance fund of 1.422 billion yuan

.

In 2009, with the help of Hong Kong experts, the master plan of Wolong National Nature Reserve (2008-2020) was officially completed

.

geographical environment

geographical position

Wolong Nature Reserve is located in the western edge of Sichuan Basin, the southeast slope of Qionglai mountains, the southeast of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, the west of Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County, the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and the high mountain and deep valley zone from Chengdu plain to Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is 102 ° 52 '- 103 ° 25' e, 30 ° 45 '- 31 ° 25' n, 60 km wide from east to west and 63 km long from north to south. It is connected with Yingxiu town of Wenchuan County in the East, Baoxing and Xiaojin counties in the west, Dayi and Lushan counties in the south, Lixian County and Caopo township of Wenchuan County in the north.

geological structure

Wolong area is located in the middle and south section of Longmen Mountain and the southeast slope of Qionglai mountain. It is the transition zone from Sichuan basin to Western Sichuan Plateau. Its landform is mainly high mountains and deep valleys. Siguniang mountain, the highest peak in the area, is the main peak of Qionglai mountain, with an altitude of 6250 meters. The boundary is from Siguniang mountain to balang mountain, the edge mountain of Sichuan basin to the East, and the Western Sichuan Plateau to the West.

1. Tectonic framework

The Wolong area belongs to the middle south segment of the Longmenshan fold fault belt, which is composed of a series of NE trending parallel folds and faults. The overall direction of the structural belt is 40-50 degrees north and East. From northwest to Southeast, there are: zongpengzi anticline, sandaozha anticline, Niutoushan anticline, Tongcao anticline. The axial direction of these folds is 30-60 degrees north to East. The axial direction varies greatly in different sections, sometimes to the northwest and sometimes to the southeast, showing a curved twisted surface with an inclination of 40 degrees It varies from - 60 degrees. Both flanks of the ventral anticline and the ventral syncline are complicated by minor anticlines and synclines with the same tendency.

From northwest to Southeast, there are pitiaohe fault zone, Gengda fault zone and Yingxiu fault zone. The dip of the main fault is 300-330 degrees to the north and 50-60 degrees to the West. Because it is a compressional thrust fault, the fracture zone is very developed. At the same time, a group of tension faults intersecting the main fault zone vertically and torsion faults intersecting the main fault obliquely developed.

These faults and folds basically control the geomorphic pattern of Wolong area

2. Stratum

The pre Paleozoic to Mesozoic Triassic strata in Wolong area are well developed, and the Mesozoic Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic Tertiary strata are missing. The distribution of the strata is roughly bounded by the pitiaohe River, with Paleozoic strata in the southeast and Mesozoic Triassic strata in the northwest.

The metamorphic clastic rocks of Maoxian group of Silurian age are widely exposed in the southeast. The lithology is gray green sericite phyllite, silver gray sandy phyllite intercalated with thin quartzite and thin crystalline limestone. There are Devonian and Carboniferous Permian strata in the belt near pitiaohe. The former is gray and dark gray thin bedded limestone, with argillaceous limestone intercalated with carbonaceous face rock and sandstone; the latter is medium thick bedded limestone intercalated with phyllite, carbonaceous phyllite and crystalline limestone intercalated with glutenite. In Sanjiangkou area, grey medium thick feldspar quartz sandstone, quartz sandstone and sandy slate of Ordovician system are sporadically exposed.

Triassic strata are widely distributed in Northwest China, with lithology of feldspar quartz sandstone, slate, carbonaceous phyllite, thin limestone and fine siltstone. Devonian strata are exposed in the anticline axis, with lithology of carbonaceous phyllite, sandy phyllite intercalated with quartzite and clastic limestone. A small amount of Carboniferous Permian strata are distributed in Dengsheng area, with lithology of carbonaceous phyllite and crystalline limestone It is mainly intercalated with sandstone.

The Quaternary loose deposits mainly include fluvial deposits, debris flow deposits and moraines. Fluvial deposits are mainly distributed in the Pitiao River Valley and its tributaries. There are a lot of debris flow deposits at the mouth of huahongshu gully, Longyan gully and daweijia gully. There are ancient moraines distributed in the ancient glacial valleys of xiangyangping and Zhenghe in the upper reaches of the Pitiao River, while there are modern moraines in the modern glacial valleys.

In addition, the Chengjiang Jinning period diorite and granodiorite are widely distributed in the northeast of Wolong area. Yanshanian granite outcrops in Siguniangshan area, Western China.

Geomorphological features

Topography: the large landform of Wolong Nature Reserve originally belongs to the mountainous area on the western edge of Sichuan Basin and is located at the southeast foot of northern Qionglai. The whole terrain decreases from northwest to Southeast. Pitiao river divides the protection into two parts from southwest to northeast of the reserve. In the northwest of the river, the mountains are high and the valleys are deep. The altitude of most peaks is more than 4000 meters. In the northwest edge, along the balang mountain to Siguniang mountain, and the mountains bordering Lixian County in the north, the altitude is about 5000 meters, forming a natural barrier. There are nearly 100 peaks with a height of more than 5000 meters. Siguniang mountain, the highest peak in Sichuan Province, is 6250 meters high, which is the second highest peak in Sichuan Province. The southeast of Pitiao river is relatively flat. Except for some peaks, the altitude generally does not exceed 4000 meters. Most areas of Zhonghe River and Xihe River Basin in the southeast are below 2000 meters, and Mujiangping in the East is the lowest, only 1150 meters.

Valley shape: affected by the terrain, the rivers in the reserve generally flow from northwest to Southeast, with various Valley shapes. The main rivers: Pitiao River and Gengda River are developed along the compressional fault zone. The bedrock on both banks is loose and easy to be eroded. The valley is continuously widened to form a broad Valley, and there are often five terraces. Some of its tributaries, such as Yingxiong Valley and Yinchang Valley, are vertically cut down along the extensional fault, and the bedrock on both banks is steep, forming a canyon. In the upstream Valley above 3000 meters above sea level, it develops along the glacier Valley, forming a "U" shaped Valley in the upper part, and a "V" shaped Valley in the lower part, which is cut by the river erosion, forming a "}" shaped valley. There are four levels of denudation planation surface distributed on the hillside and hillside above the main river valleys in the area, with the altitude of 2000-2200m, 2400-2500 m, 2800-2850 m and 3000-3100 m respectively. Although the area of these denudation surfaces is small, the terrain is gentle, with thick weathered eluvium, thick yellow brown silty soil layer developed on the surface, and dense bamboo forest, forming most giant pandas The core area of the event.

Mountain morphology: the mountain below 4000 meters above sea level in the Reserve belongs to the middle and low mountains under the action of flowing water. Due to the influence of lithology, the mountain morphology is variable. It is composed of crystalline limestone, forming a peak forest like mountain; it is composed of sand protolith slate, forming a typical comb like mountain; the ridge is serrated, which looks like a dragon's back, so Wolong is named. The mountain area with an altitude of 4000-5000 meters is a high mountain with cold frost weathering. The rock foundation is exposed and there are many cliffs under it

Chinese PinYin : Wo Long Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu