shanshangan center

Shanshangan guild hall is located in the north of Kaifeng City Center. It is located in the former residence of the descendants of Xuda, the king of Zhongshan in Ming Dynasty. It is famous for its brick, stone and wood carving art. It is a representative work of architectural art in Henan Province in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Shanshangan guild hall has a history of more than 200 years. It was formerly called shanshangan guild hall, and its name was changed in the late Qing Dynasty. When you enter the guild hall, you will see the theater. In the old days, there were wonderful performances in festivals, sacrifices, vows and birthday celebrations. What is most worth mentioning is the sculpture and Danqing in the museum. There are all kinds of wood carvings, stone carvings and brick carvings in the museum, which make Buddhist stories and legends vivid and lifelike. They are treasures in China's carving art. The various Danqing paintings are of great national characteristics and artistic value.

shanshangan center

Shanshangan guild hall is located in the north of Xufu street, Longting District, Kaifeng City, Henan Province. It was built in the 41st year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1776). It was built by the rich businessmen of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu who lived in Kaifeng on the site of Xuda, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. It is a place for businessmen from Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu to do business, trade and contact with fellow villagers in the Qing Dynasty More than 200 years of history. The guild hall is a quadrangle layout, with an area of 3870.29 square meters. The main building is located on the central axis. From south to north, it is Zhaobi, theater tower, archway and main hall. The auxiliary buildings are located on the East and west sides, including the left and right Yemen, chuihuamen, bell tower, Drum Tower, wing room, east-west courtyard, etc.

In June 2001, shanshangan guild hall was announced by the State Council as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

Shanxi and Shaanxi businessmen have a long history of doing business, but as a powerful force affecting the national economy, they formed in the Ming Dynasty. In the 15th year of Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty, Kaifeng suffered from the flood of the Yellow River. The city was like a ruin, a piece of yellow sand. During the reign of Kangxi, Biancheng was gradually revived. At that time, the commerce was mainly based on agricultural products, cloth and daily necessities, and most of them were operated by Shanxi merchants. Therefore, the merchants of Shanxi Province set up a local guild hall in laohuiguan Street (east of Longting), which is called "Shanxi guild hall" for short.

In 1765, it was renamed Shanshan guild hall and rebuilt with the new site.

At the end of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed shanshangan guild hall.

In 1986, the Henan provincial government carried out a comprehensive renovation of the Guandi temple building of shanshangan guild hall and prepared for the relocation of the primary school. The renovation project is designed and constructed by Henan Institute of ancient architecture and other units. Due to the siltation caused by flood, 60 cm of ground was excavated and 2000 cubic meters of soil was lifted to restore the original ground of the Qing Dynasty.

On October 24, 1988, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the liberation of Kaifeng, it was officially opened to the outside world and became a tourist attraction in Kaifeng.

In April 1995, an art museum was set up.

In June 2001, shanshangan guild hall was announced by the State Council as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Cultural relics

Shanshangan guild hall faces south, 88.44 meters long from north to South and 42 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 3870.29 square meters. The guild hall is a quadrangle layout. The main building is located on the central axis. From south to north, there are Zhaobi, theater building, archway and main hall. The subsidiary buildings of the guild hall are located on both sides of the East and the west, including the left and right Yemen, chuihuamen, bell tower, Drum Tower, wing room, East and West courtyard, etc.

Facing the street, Zhaobi is located at the southernmost end of the central axis of the guild building. On both sides of the Zhaobi are left and right Yemen, which are scattered with the Zhaobi, forming a "mountain" shaped whole. After Yemen, there is an ancient theater building with three rooms in front and two parts in the back. The front stage is "music bed" for formal performance, and the back stage is "theater" for actors to make up. On both sides of the theater tower are the bell and drum towers facing each other in the East and West. Passing the theater tower, there is a archway in the north, which is built to praise Guan Yu's sentiment and moral character. On both sides of the archway are the East and west side halls, with hard Hill tile roofs and high relief flower ridges. The north of the archway is the main hall, which is the main building of the guild hall and is composed of three entrance halls. The front is the hall of worship, with three rooms wide, the middle is the rolling shed, and the back is the main hall, with five rooms wide. The three halls are connected by gutters to form a whole, with a total area of 540 square meters.

Main attractions

Zhaobi

Screen wall, also known as tree screen, screen wall and shadow wall, is a unique form of Chinese architecture. Its function is a barrier in front of the building to block the sight of outsiders.

The screen wall of the guild hall is in a straight shape, located at the southernmost end of the central axis of the guild hall, facing the street. It is 8.6 meters high, 16.5 meters long and 0.65 meters thick along the street. It is divided into three parts: the platform, the wall and the top of the hall. It is made of green bricks, and all the eaves are decorated with brick carvings. It is the most popular place for brick carvings and stone carvings. On the back of the screen wall, there are brick peony and Huizi frame. In the four corners of the frame, there are four kuilong stone carvings. In the center, there are two dragons playing with pearls. On both sides, there are the four characters of Zhongyi Renyong.

The base of the platform is Qingshi xumizuo, 1.40 meters high, which is one of the traditional Chinese pedestal forms. Xumi is a transliteration of ancient India, which means miaogao. It is the legendary name of the ancient Indian mountain. It is the center of the world where human beings live. The sun and the moon revolve around the mountain, and the kings of the three worlds are established according to it. The name of Xumi means to be stable. On the top of xumizuo is the wall of Zhaobi. On both sides are brick peony and Huizi flower frames. On the back of the flower frame are 18 dragon bricks. The four corners are made of stone carving "cloud dragon holding longevity". The core of the wall is a stone carving with the pattern of "two dragons playing with pearls". The stone carving is oval inside and rectangular outside. It is said that this is related to the ancient people's understanding of celestial bodies. The ancients believed that the sky was round and the earth was square. The shape of bixin on the wall of the guild hall is exactly the concrete reflection of the ancients' theory of "the sky is round and the place is round". On the whole, the wall is magnificent and magnificent. On top of the wall are brick decorated figures, flowers, mountains and rivers, birds and animals, ancient paintings, etc. Above the brick decoration is the top of the veranda, covered with green glazed tiles.

The roof of the veranda is the highest level form of the roof in ancient Chinese architecture. Its roof can be divided into front, back, left and right slopes, and it can be divided into a main ridge formed by the intersection of front and back slopes and four vertical ridges formed by the intersection of front and back slopes and left and right slopes. Therefore, the veranda hall is also called si'ading or Wu Ji hall. The main ridge is a green high relief lotus ridge with dragon shaped big kisses at both ends. The big kiss, also known as the gall's kiss, has a large mouth and bites the main ridge. It has a strong waterproof function and is also the main decorative component on the main ridge.

Under the eaves of the screen wall are all kinds of brick carvings, such as vases, flower arrangements, noisy stoves, letters, paintings and musical instruments. These patterns are not only decorative, but also auspicious patterns to express people's good wishes and ideals. The patterns composed of vases, several cases and bats mean "peace is happiness"; the patterns composed of chrysanthemums, crane birds and reed leaves mean "live and work in peace". A pattern composed of two books of accounts, one is opened, the other is combined. Under this book, that is to say, there are two books of accounts in business, one is clear account, and the other is hidden account. On the other side of the pattern, a delicate abacus is carved at the same position. As the saying goes, "once the abacus rings, there will be ten thousand taels of gold", implying that money can't go in or out.

Theater

Opera House, also known as song house, is used for festivals, sacrifices, vows and birthday celebrations in the old days. The couplets in the theater read: "fantasy is truth, and the world is full of human feelings. Today's world is still ancient, and the news and old stories are not bad at all. Laugh on the stage, laugh off the stage, laugh on the stage and laugh off the stage; look at the ancients, look at the present, look at the ancients, look at the present, look at the present. " The theater building of Shanshan Gansu guild hall was destroyed in the cultural revolution. The existing theater building was moved here from the fire temple in Kaifeng. The plane layout of the theater building is in the shape of "convex", which is divided into upper and lower floors. The lower floor has a north-south passage for people to pass through, and has the function of walking and performing. There are terminal doors on both sides of the theater, but they are not often open. People enter from the main entrance. The wooden carvings of Duanmen gate tower are exquisite and colorful. There are steps on the East and west sides of the theater building to reach the stage. The opera house is the only ancient one preserved in Kaifeng, which is very precious.

Memorial Archway

The archway is facing the entrance of the theater building, and the front of the archway is inscribed with "great righteousness". The archway of the guild hall was built to praise Guan Yu's moral character. It is located in the north of the central axis and the south of the hall of worship. It has three rooms, six columns, five floors and a top rest. The plane layout is shaped, with three columns in a group, and the triangle is in the shape of chicken feet, so people in Biancheng call it "chicken feet archway". This special plane column network structure enhances the stability. The central part of the archway is high, and the left and right secondary buildings are slightly lower. The upper part of the main building is covered with green glazed tiles. The main ridge is carved with peony flowers. There is a pavilion in the middle. There is a lion and an elephant on both sides. The lion embraces the lotus terrace and carries a treasure bottle. The image is vivid and magnificent. At the two ends of the ridge, the sword handle is used to write "sun" in the East and "Moon" in the West. "Day" means wisdom, "month" means kindness

. On the walking horse board at the bottom of the four corners of the memorial archway, there are also eight murals of Guanyu stories, such as "seal gold", "scrape bone to cure poison", "cross five passes and cut six generals".

Data records: the surface width of the open room is 4.54 meters, the surface width of the secondary room is 1.655 meters, the height of the open column is about 6.30 meters, the diameter is 0.48 meters, the height of the side column is about 3.70 meters, the diameter is 0.385 meters, the width of the bucket mouth is 0.06 meters, the height of the single material is 0.075 meters, and the height of the full material is 0.125 meters.

On the back of the archway, there is a plaque of "eternal memory"

Chinese PinYin : Shan Shan Gan Hui Guan