Mount Qomolangma

Mount Qomolangma, or Everest for short, is also translated as Mt. Notre Dame. Nepal is also known as Mount sagamata, also known as "Mount Everest". It is located in the Himalayas at the junction of the people's Republic of China and Nepal, with snow all the year round. It is the highest peak in the world (known as the highest peak in the solar system is Mount Olympus on Mars at an altitude of 27000 meters). "Qomolangma" in Tibetan means "mother of the earth". In Tibetan, Jo Mo "Zhumu" means goddess, and glang Ma "Longma" should be understood as mother elephant (in Tibetan, glang Ma has two meanings: High Mountain willow and mother elephant). According to the myth, Mount Everest is the palace where the tshe ring mched lnga lives.

Transportation: Shigatse is not big, so it's very convenient to walk in the city. Tricycle 2-3 yuan per person, negotiable. Taxis charge 10 yuan in the city.

Mount Qomolangma

Mount Everest Qomolangma, Tibetan: ཇོ་ོ་གླང་་་, Nepalese: सगरमाथथा), is the main peak of the Himalayas and the highest mountain in the world. It is located on the border between China and Nepal, and in Dingri County, Tibet, China, in the North (the west slope is in zhaxizong Township, Dingri County, the east slope is in Qudang Township, Dingri County, and there is Everest base camp ）The southern part is located in Nepal, which is the highest peak in the world. It is also the center of China's Everest nature reserve and Nepal National Park across four counties.

In Tibetan, "Zhumu" means "goddess", and "Langma" means "mother elephant", which means "mother of the earth".

The height of Mount Everest is 8848m (total height) in Nepal and other countries, which is consistent with that measured by Chinese surveyors in 1975; the rock surface height (bare height, i.e. geological height) measured by China National Bureau of Surveying and mapping in 2005 is 8844.43m in China. The accurate measurement and publication of the rock surface elevation of 8844.43m of Mt. Qomolangma in 2005 is strictly scientific and legal, and has been adopted as the unified standard data in China until now. Before the State Council or the department authorized by the State Council publishes the new elevation data of Mt. Qomolangma, any unit or individual should use the rock surface elevation data of 8844.43m published according to law 43 meters.

On April 30, 2020, the 2020 Everest elevation survey was officially launched in the Everest base camp.

On May 27, 2020, the mountaineering team of the 2020 Everest height survey successfully reached the top of the world's first peak, Mount Everest. They will erect targets at the summit, install GNSS antennas, and carry out various summit surveys. 45 years ago today, the Chinese brought the target to the top of Mount Everest for the first time

.

geographical environment

Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) is a huge pyramid shaped mountain, majestic and majestic, with extremely steep terrain and complex environment. The height of snow line is 5800-6200m on the north slope and 5500-6100m on the south slope. There are three steep walls (North wall, east wall and southwest wall) in the middle of northeast ridge, Southeast ridge and west ridge. Between these ridges and cliffs, there are 548 continental glaciers, with a total area of 1457.07km2 and an average thickness of 7260m. The glaciers are mainly supplied by the metamorphism of snow cover in the Indian Ocean monsoon belt. On the glacier, there are a variety of magnificent and rare ice pagoda forests, ice cliffs as high as tens of meters, light and dark ice fissures with step-by-step traps, and dangerous ice avalanche and avalanche areas.

Mount Everest is not only magnificent, but also magnificent. There are more than 40 peaks (including non independent peaks) at an altitude of more than 7000 meters within 20 kilometers around it. The most famous are: Luozi peak (8516 meters above sea level, the fourth highest peak in the world) 3 kilometers south, 38 peak (7591 meters above sea level) 5.3 kilometers south, and Makalu peak (8463 meters above sea level, the fifth highest peak in the world) 19.5 kilometers southeast Zhangzi peak, 4.2km to the North (7543m above sea level), Nuzi peak, 4.4km to the West (7861m above sea level), and pumoli peak, 8km to the West (7161m above sea level). On the periphery of these peaks, there are some extremely high peaks in the world facing Everest from afar: Gancheng Zhangjia peak (8586 meters above sea level, the boundary peak of Nepal and India) is the third highest peak in the world in the southeast, gechongkang peak (7952 meters above sea level), zhuoyou peak (8201 meters above sea level) and heathabangma peak (8012 meters above sea level) are in the West. Therefore, the coming and going of the peaks around Mt. Everest and the surging of the peaks formed a magnificent scene.

A recent survey of Mt. Everest was conducted in 1999 by the National Geographic Society of the United States using the GPS global positioning system. They believed that the altitude of Mt. Everest should be 8850 meters. The altitude of Mount Everest, once recognized by all countries in the world, was determined by the mountaineering team of the people's Republic of China in 1975, with an altitude of 8848.13 meters. But the outside world also has 8848 meters, 8840 meters, 8850 meters, 8882 meters and other statements.

On May 22, 2005, China accurately measured the height of Mt. Qomolangma. The rock surface height of Mt. Qomolangma was 8844.43 meters (the accuracy was controlled within ± 0.21 meters, and the thickness of ice and snow on the peak was 3.5 meters). Meanwhile, the data of 8848.13 meters in 1975 was suspended.

The total height (snow cover height) is different from the bare height (rock surface height): what climbers climb is the overall height, and the bare height is the geological height.

Geological evolution

The Himalayan region where Mount Qomolangma is located used to be an ocean. In a long geological period, a large amount of gravel and sand were washed from the land and accumulated in the Himalayan region, forming a marine sedimentary rock layer with a thickness of more than 30000 meters. Later, due to the strong orogenic movement, the Himalayan region was squeezed and violently uplifted. According to the calculation, the average rise is about 20-30 meters every 10000 years. Until now, the Himalayan region is still rising, rising by 7 cm every 100 years.

As time goes on, the height of Mt. Everest will continue to change due to the movement of geographical plates. Interestingly, although Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world, its peak is not the farthest point from the earth's center. This particular spot belongs to the Chimborazo mountains in South America. The towering image of Mount Qomolangma has always had a huge impact on the local and the world.

geographical position

It is located in the middle of the Himalayas at the junction of Tibet Autonomous Region of China and Nepal, 27 ° 59 ′ 17 ″ N and 86 ° 55 ′ 31 ″ e, in Dingri County of Tibet Autonomous Region of the people's Republic of China in the North (zhaxizong Township in Dingri County in the west, Qudang Township in Dingri County in the East, with Everest base camp), and in the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal in the south.

The origin of the name

The Tibetan "Jo Mo glang Ma rib" (Qomolangma) means "mother of the earth". Tibetan Jo Mo "Zhumu" means goddess, and glang Ma "Longma" should be understood as mother elephant (in Tibetan, glang Ma has two meanings: High Mountain willow and mother elephant). According to the myth, Mount Everest is the palace where the daughter of the five days lived. However, there is another English saying that appears many times in middle school textbooks, namely < Imount Qomolangma < / I or < iqmolangma mount < / I. It is generally called Mount Everest in the west to commemorate George Everest, the director of the Survey Bureau of India, who was responsible for surveying the Himalayas when the British occupied Nepal. The Nepalese name is Sagarmatha, which means "goddess of the sky". The name came from the government of Nepal in the 1960s. Previously, the Nepalese people did not name the mountain, while the government did not choose a transliterated name for political reasons.

"Lotus relic" unearthed in 1258 is known as "lachi", while sangjijianzan, a kargyu monk, called the location of Mount Qomolangma "the most snow". In 1717, the Qing Dynasty surveyors surveyed the Huangyu quanlan map in the area of Mount Qomolangma, named after "zhumlangma Alin", which means "mountain" in Manchu. In 1952, the Chinese government changed its name to Mount Everest. In 1952, the Ministry of internal affairs and the General Administration of publication of the Central People's Government of China announced that "Mount Everest" should be renamed "Mount Everest".

In 2002, the people's Daily published an article saying that the English name "Mount Everest" used in the western world should be renamed its Tibetan name "Mount Everest".

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Mu Lang Ma Feng