pala manor

The full name of Parra is pajuelakang. The nobles in the feudal serf society in Tibet were divided into the descendants of Zanpu, the Yashi family and the diben family. The rest were collectively referred to as Geba. The pajuelakang was the diben family. Pala manor is a noble manor. In 1904, the British aggressors burned down the Pala manor in jiangga village near the town of Gyangze. After the anti British war, the Pala manor was moved to the current banjiulunbu village, also known as banjiulunbu manor, in 1937. Zaxi Wangjiu, the owner of banjiulunbu manor, worked as a Lama in linbu temple to avoid military service. After returning to the secular life, he presided over the daily affairs of the manor. He reorganized the manor economy, expanded the manor scale, and strengthened the rule over serfs. Before the democratic reform in Tibet, although he could not compare with the Pala family of his ancestors, his status was still prominent. In Gyangze, Bailang, Kangma, Shannan and Lhasa, the Pala family has 37 manors, 12 herdsmen, more than 30000 grams of land (one gram is equivalent to half an acre), more than 14000 heads of livestock, and more than 3000 serfs. Among them, the main manor, banjulembu manor, has more than 100 serfs. The whole manor is tall and majestic, with 82 houses, 5357.5 square meters (three manors, 1785.8 square meters per capita), a sutra hall, a reception hall, a bedroom and a hall for playing mahjong. The room is magnificent with carved beams and painted buildings. In the bedroom, there are a great variety of gold, silver and jade wares, as well as expensive food, tableware, imported wine, imported white vinegar and precious fur clothing. All this is in sharp contrast to the house slaves living in Langsheng courtyard. Langshengyuan is the residence of serfs who serve the manor owners. These serfs were forcibly recruited by the manor owners from their manors and their families. Before the civil reform, there were more than 60 people living in 14 families. They were engaged in the heavy work of weaving card mat, weaving rope, groom, cooking, wine making, tailoring, bodyguard and so on. Their annual income was up to 16 jiag (1 jiag is equivalent to 24 Jin) of grain, some 13 jiag of grain, and some even had only one spoonful of Zanba (about 22 Liang) a day. They supported their families on these meager income. Langshengyuan has a total area of 150.66 square meters, less than 2.5 square meters per capita. The largest room area is 14.58 square meters, and the smallest is only 4.05 square meters. Domestic slaves have lived in these low and dark rooms for generations. At that time, there were three generations and seven people in a family. Because there were many people and few rooms, they slept in the open courtyard most of the time except in the cold winter. Every household has nothing but simple daily necessities. When the serfs lost their labor force in old age, they were kicked away by the manor owners and lived a miserable life in their later years. Shida, the aunt of Rabar Rodger, who still lives in banjiulunbu village, worked for Pala from the age of 13 to 50. She was old and blind. When she lost her labor force, she was driven out of the manor by the manor owner and lived a very difficult life in her later years. Under the rule of the feudal serf system with the unity of politics and religion, the level of productivity was low (the average yield was about 90 Jin per mu). The serfs not only did not have their own land, but also had to bear a lot of unpaid labor and pay dozens of kinds of material or monetary rents. The majority of serfs lived a very long life, especially Langsheng, who lived in the lowest level of society. Banjiulunbu village, located in banjiulunbu manor, had 131 people at that time, 20% of whom were Langsheng of the manor. Like Langsheng of other places in old Tibet, Langsheng of the manor had no means of production, no educational and cultural power, was absolutely controlled by the manor owner, had no personal rights, and was regarded as a tool that could speak. Langsheng's children are also Langsheng. No matter what the reason is, once they become Langsheng, not only themselves but also their descendants will never stand out, and they will be cruelly exploited and physically destroyed by the manor.

pala manor

The Pala manor is the main manor of the Pala family of the great nobles in Tibet. Its full name is pajuelakang. It is located in banjuelunbu village, about 4 km southwest of Gyangze county. It is the only well preserved aristocratic manor of the three old lords in Tibet.

In 2013, it was listed in the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The Parra family

There were four kinds of nobles in the feudal serf society in Tibet: the descendants of Zanpu, the Yashi family, and the diben family. The rest were collectively referred to as Geba. Pajuelakang was the diben family. Therefore, the Pala manor belonged to the noble manor.

The Pala family is an ancient family with a history of more than 400 years. According to textual research, the ancestor of the Pala family is the Lama who was drawn from a monastery in Qiangwang area on the upper reaches of the Nianchu River by King zangdui (1618) to manage the prakham monastery in Bhutan, and later became the chief of a tribe in Bhutan. After that, he moved to Tibet due to Bhutan's civil strife, and was granted a salary in Gyangze and zaishalu for his meritorious service in leading 500 families back to Tibet. On this basis, the Pala family gradually developed and stepped into the ranks of the great nobility in Tibet. By the end of the 19th century, the Pala family had developed into one of the twelve nobles in Tibet, with 37 manors, more than 15000 mu of land, 12 pastures, more than 14000 heads of livestock and more than 3000 serfs in Jiangzi County, Lhasa, Bailang County, Yadong county and Shannan county.

In the local government of Tibet, there are many people in the Pala family who hold the posts of Ziben, Daiben, zhuoniqinmu and even galun. In the history of the rise and fall of the family, five people successively served as Kalun of the local government of Tibet, in charge of Tibet's administrative affairs. In the old Tibet where politics and religion were integrated, the Pala family had a great influence.

The Pala manor was originally built in jiangga village, Jiangzi county. In 1904, the British Invaders burned down the main Pala manor in jiangga village, Jiangzi county. After the end of the anti British war in 1937, Pala manor was rebuilt on the other side of the Nianchu River in the southwest of Gyangze City, that is, banjuelunbu village, 4 km away from Gyangze city.

Villa leader Parra

Zaxi Wangjiu, the owner of Pala manor, was a Lama in linbu temple to avoid military service. After returning to the secular life, he presided over the daily affairs of the manor. He reorganized the manor economy, expanded the manor scale, and strengthened the rule over serfs. Before the democratic reform in Tibet, although he could not compare with the Pala family of his ancestors, his status was still prominent. The main manor, banjuelumbu manor, had more than 100 serfs.

In 1959, palawangjiu took part in the rebellion and fled, and all his manors were confiscated. Considering that palawangjiu was one of the twelve manors in Tibet, the Garze sub working committee at that time protected it properly. Later, the county Party committee and the county government carried out many repairs on it. Therefore, the Pala manor is the only well preserved old Tibetan noble manor.

Current situation of manor

Pala manor is quite spectacular. There are 57 existing houses, covering an area of 5357.5 square meters. The main building is three stories high. The building is complete and well decorated. It has a sutra hall, a sunlight room, a reception hall (upper reception room), bedrooms and a special hall for playing mahjong. The room is magnificent with carved beams and painted buildings. The furnishings of the Sutra hall are exquisite, and the sutras and niches are well preserved. The Sutra hall is the place where the Lord of Pala chants sutras or holds rituals. The sculptures, paintings and decorations in the hall are mostly in the inland style, which shows that the Central Plains culture has a great influence on it. In the bedroom, there are a variety of gold, silver and jade wares, as well as the precious food, tableware, imported wine, imported white vinegar and precious fur clothing left by the Pala aristocrats, which vividly represent the luxurious life scene of the Pala family.

In addition, there are wineries, mills, serf stoves, etc. Most of the highland barley wine brewed in the manor distillery is for their own use, and a small part is for sale or other use. The mill of Pala manor can be divided into water mill and manual mill, mainly processing Zanba and Tibetan noodles. The processed Zanba can be divided into three classes: the first class for the owner, the second class for the trusted servants, and the third class for the serfs and livestock. The serf stove in Pala manor mainly cooks for serfs. It is said that they have a meal in the morning and a meal in the evening. They have Zanba in the morning and spit in the evening. There is no meat or vegetables, which is very light.

In the corridor of the main building, there are some instruments of torture, such as whip and shackles, which were used by the old Tibetan nobles to oppress and rule the serfs. In order to punish the serfs, the Pala manor had various instruments of torture, such as standing cage, shackles, whips, cowhide tube, and so on. The punishment included whipping, slapping, cutting nose, breaking foot, and so on. The old prison is still preserved in the manor, which is a tool for Tibetan nobles to rule serfs.

Pala manor has many flowers, trees, water stones, poultry and livestock. The overall layout is similar to the garden, which is usually very quiet.

Serf yard

Opposite the manor, there is a serfdom called palalanson house.

Langsheng was a house slave. These house slaves were recruited from Pala's manors and people. They worked as grooms, cooks and bodyguards in the manor, engaged in heavy labor such as weaving, weaving, brewing, spinning and tailoring. According to different types of work, the landlords determined the salary of each slave. Some of them only had 24 grams of grain a year, some only had 16 grams of grain, and some only had a spoonful of Zanba a day. They supported the whole family on these salaries.

According to reports, under the rule of the feudal serf system with the unity of politics and religion, the level of productivity was low (the average yield was about 90 Jin per mu). The vast number of serfs not only did not have their own land, but also had to bear a considerable amount of unpaid labor and pay dozens of kinds of physical or monetary rents. The majority of serfs lived a very long life, especially Langsheng, who lived in the lowest level of society. Banjuelumbu village, located in banjuelumbu manor, had 131 people at that time, 20% of whom were Langsheng of the manor. Like Langsheng of other places in old Tibet, Langsheng of the manor had no means of production, no educational and cultural rights, was absolutely controlled by the manor owner, and had no personal rights at all. He was regarded as a talkative worker

Chinese PinYin : Pa La Zhuang Yuan