Tomb of Yang can

Yang can's tomb is located in Yong'an Township, about 10 kilometers south of Zunyi City. It is the largest tomb with the most exquisite carving technology found so far in Southwest China. The tomb was built during the reign of lizongchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1241-1251). More than 700 years ago, the tomb was destroyed before liberation, and there were few funerary objects left. After liberation, the government excavated and restored the tomb. In 1982, it was listed as a national cultural relic protection unit. Yang can's tomb is a couple's tomb. The owner of the South chamber is Yang can, and the owner of the North chamber is his wife. The most distinctive feature of Yang can's tomb is that there are rich and exquisite stone carvings inside and outside the tomb. The whole tomb is the reproduction of feudal lords' life in Song Dynasty.

Tomb of Yang can

Yang can's tomb is located in Pingqiao village, Shenxi Town, Honghuagang District, Zunyi, Guizhou Province. Excavated in 1957, the Yang family of Bozhou ruled Bozhou for 725 years from the end of Tang Dynasty to Wanli of Ming Dynasty. It was a famous chieftain in Southwest China. Yang can was the 13th generation. In the early years of Jiatai in the Southern Song Dynasty, he was a pacifier in Bozhou. The tomb was built in Chunyou period.

In 1982, the State Council announced the tomb of Yang can as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical origin

Yang can's tomb is located in huangfenzui, Pingqiao village, Shenxi Town, Honghuagang District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 10 kilometers north of Zunyi City. It was built in the year of lizongchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1241-1252).

The structure is of flat roof and double chambers. It is built with white sandstone strips. The largest piece of stone is more than 12000 Jin. It is fixed by the method of layer by layer with child and female clasps. It covers an area of 64 square meters, ranking first among the similar tombs excavated in Southwest China. The plane layout of Yang can's tomb is that the north and South chambers are juxtaposed, which is a couple's tomb. The owner of the South chamber is Yang can, and the owner of the North chamber is his wife.

The structure of the two tombs is roughly the same, which are composed of three parts: the door, the front room and the back room, and there are passages in the two tombs. It is 8.42m long, 8.04m wide in front and 7.53m wide in back. The coffin bed is 3.42 meters long, 1.84 meters wide and 0.43 meters high.

Main structure

The four corners are padded with round carved dragon pillars, and the two sides are the dragon body and dragon tail. There are square caissons on the top of each tomb, in which the words "Qingdong" (male chamber) and "Deyu" (female chamber) with double hooks are engraved respectively. The height, position and decoration of the two rooms' tomb doors are basically the same.

Because Yang can's tomb was stolen in his early years, few of the funerary objects survived. During the excavation in 1957, in the silt of the two chamber coffin bed, cultural relics such as pottery bottle, Yingqing porcelain bowl, remnant iron tripod, bronze mirror with handle, "Chongning treasure" and "Chongning Tongbao" coins were obtained. In addition, two bronze drums were found in the waist pit at the bottom of the two chamber tombs, with the drum facing down and lying flat on the copper coins. The male chamber bronze drum weighs 12.25 Jin, with a height of 28 cm and a face diameter of 44.5 cm. The fragments of copper coins cut on the wall of the drum are mostly illegible, and the words "Yuan" and "Tong" can be identified, which should be "Yuan Tongbao" created by zhe Zong of the Northern Song Dynasty. The female chamber bronze drum weighs 17.75 kg, with a height of 30 cm and a face diameter of 49.5 cm.

Unearthed bronze drum

Two drum rouge, waist, foot three distinct, rou department is slightly larger than the drum face, waist, foot outside, band flat ears. It has been regarded as one of the eight types of standard instruments in the history of Southern bronze drum development. The bronze drum of men's room can be dated clearly because there are copper coins with characters on the wall of the drum, which is rare among the unearthed bronze drums.

Stone carving decoration

The most distinctive feature of Yang can's tomb is that there are rich and exquisite stone carvings inside and outside the tomb. It can be roughly divided into five categories: characters, animals, flowers and plants, and utensils. The carving techniques are mainly high and low relief, sometimes with Yin line carving. Some of the details are painted and gilded. Although most of them have been eroded, the luxurious style of that year can still be discerned.

In the middle of the back wall of the South chamber is a statue of Yang can, the owner of the tomb. He wears a Fu head with long feet, wears court clothes, sits upright and looks serious. There are dragon pillars facing each other on the left and right, and a dragon case (coffin bed) in front. On the side walls of both sides, there are symmetrical sculptures of civil servants and military generals, maidens and maidens. The shapes are different and lifelike.

There is also an eye-catching picture of tribute envoys, with curly hair and bare feet. The upper body of tribute envoys is naked, only with a gauze scarf, the lower body is wearing a corner skirt, the hands and feet are wearing a bracelet ring, and the head is full of coral, pearls, gold and jade. It reflects the relationship between the central government and the frontier minority areas at that time. In addition, the reliefs such as "wild deer holding Zhi", "Phoenix wearing grape", "double lion playing ball" and "maid opening the door" are ingenious in conception and exquisite in carving, which are full of life flavor. Two rooms, six niches, wood like architecture, doors, windows, door walls, beams, columns and brackets are all the architectural patterns at that time, which provide rich material materials for the study of ancient architecture.

The tomb is a large stone chamber tomb where Yang can and his wife, the pacifier of Bozhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, were buried together. The tomb is carved with civil servants and warriors, figures and flowers, dragon beds and dragon chairs, etc. Around the cemetery are the tombs of Zheng Zhen, Mo Youzhi and Li Shuchang of Qing Dynasty, which are known as the "treasure house of ancient stone carving art in Southwest China" and have high ornamental and scientific research value.

Cultural relics protection

The tomb was built during the reign of emperor LiZong of Southern Song Dynasty (1241-1252), more than 700 years ago. Before liberation, the tombs were destroyed and there were few burial objects left. After liberation, the people's Government excavated and restored the cemeteries. In 1958, it was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Guizhou Province. In 1982, it was listed as a national cultural relic protection unit.

The cemetery, about 50 square meters, is a large stone tomb where men and women are buried in separate rooms. All the tombs are made of white sandstone strips, the largest of which is more than 6000 kg. It is built by mortise and tenon method, and there is no trace of mortar bonding. There are two tombs, Yang can in the South and his wife in the north. The structure of the two chambers is roughly the same, including the door, the front chamber and the back chamber, and the back chamber is connected by an aisle. The coffin is placed in the center of the back room. Round dragon pillars are placed under the four corners of the coffin. The body and tail of the dragon are on both sides of the coffin.

On the top of the back chamber, there are rectangular caissons. The caissons in the male chamber are engraved with the word "Qingdong", while the caissons in the female chamber are engraved with the word "Deyu". Inside and outside the tomb, there are exquisite reliefs, some of which are painted with gold. The stone carvings, doors, windows, walls, beams, columns, brackets and various utensils of the two chambers reflect the architectural and technological styles of that time. The whole tomb chamber is a representation of the feudal lord's life in the Song Dynasty.

Yang can's correlation

Yang can, the character Wenqing, the character Boqiang. His ancestral home is Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. He is the 13th generation grandson of Yang Duan and the son of Yang Shi. He adopted his uncle Yang Fu as his heir when he was young. According to Song Lian's Yang's family biography, he was the descendant of Yang Ye, a famous general in the Song Dynasty. In the early years of Jiatai (1201-1204 A.D.), he was called the pacifier of Bozhou. He had been in power for more than 40 years and was the largest ruler in northern Guizhou. Yang can opposed the invasion of Jin people, and took some measures to adapt to the social development. Through the labor of Bozhou people, the economy has developed significantly, and there has been a good situation of "great changes in local customs" and "similar to Chinese cultural relics". In the history of Bozhou written by predecessors, Yang cangong was often referred to as "living by virtue" in the country.

According to the records of Zunyi Prefecture, Yang can was "bold and unconstrained, thrifty and simple in nature, and easy in administration. It was the heyday of the Yang family to overhaul the temple, build schools and cultivate scholars. Yang can's tomb is located in huangfenzui, Pingqiao village, Shenxi Town, Honghuagang District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, 10 kilometers north of Zunyi City. It was built in the year of lizongchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1241-1251).

The structure is of flat roof and double chambers. It is built with white sandstone strips. The largest piece of stone is more than 12000 Jin. It is fixed by the method of layer by layer with child and female clasps. Covering an area of 50.1 square meters, it ranks first among the similar tombs excavated in Southwest China.

Display layout

The plane layout of Yang can's tomb is that the north and South chambers are juxtaposed, which is a couple's tomb. The owner of the South chamber is Yang can, and the owner of the North chamber is his wife. The structure of the two tombs is roughly the same, which are composed of three parts: the door, the front room and the back room, and there are passages in the two tombs. It is 8.42m long, 8.04m wide in front and 7.53m wide in back.

The coffin bed is 3.42 meters long, 1.84 meters wide and 0.43 meters high. The four corners are padded with round carved dragon pillars, and the two sides are the dragon body and dragon tail. There are square caissons on the top of each tomb, in which the words "Qingdong" (male chamber) and "Deyu" (female chamber) with double hooks are engraved respectively. The height, position and decoration of the two rooms' tomb doors are basically the same.

Because Yang can's tomb was stolen in his early years, few of the funerary objects survived.

During the excavation in 1957, in the silt of the two chamber coffin bed, cultural relics such as pottery bottle, Yingqing porcelain bowl, remnant iron tripod, bronze mirror with handle, "Chongning treasure" and "Chongning Tongbao" coins were obtained. In addition, two bronze drums were found in the waist pit at the bottom of the two chamber tombs, with the drum facing down and lying flat on the copper coins. The male chamber bronze drum weighs 12.25 Jin, with a height of 28 cm and a face diameter of 44.5 cm. The fragments of copper coins cut on the wall of the drum are mostly illegible, and the words "Yuan" and "Tong" can be identified, which should be "Yuan Tongbao" created by zhe Zong of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The female chamber bronze drum weighs 17.75 kg, with a height of 30 cm and a face diameter of 49.5 cm. Two drum rouge, waist, foot three distinct, rou department is slightly larger than the drum face, waist, foot outside, band flat ears. It has been regarded as one of the eight types of standard instruments in the history of Southern bronze drum development. Men's room bronze drum

Chinese PinYin : Yang Can Mu