Lingshan Island

Lingshan Island

Lingshan island is a Yellow Sea Island in the southeast of Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province. The total land area is more than 7 square kilometers, mainly mountainous and hilly, with the highest altitude of 513.6 meters. It is the highest eroded hill island in Shandong Province.

Lingshan island is the offshore fishing ground of Qingdao. The coast is rich in sea cucumber and abalone. The bottom of the sea is muddy, and the aquarium is prolific. It is the habitat of fish. Lingshan island is a gathering place for fishermen,

Since the 1980s, Qingdao has made great efforts to develop Lingshan Island, and has built a "tourist summer resort".

In April 2014, Lingshan island was approved to establish a national marine park.

Name evolution

Lingshan island is also called shuilingshan island. In the 1930s, the writer Xiao Jun visited this island and wrote the travel notes of shuilingshan island.

In 1932, the government of the Republic of China set up shuilingshan Island Township on the island. In 1935, shuilingshan Island Rural Construction Office was set up. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was called "Lingshan island".

The origin of shuilingshan island is related to the back stone on the island. According to legend, beilai stone is a thousand year old spirit stone carried by Shuiling, the daughter of Donghai Dragon Palace, from Donghai dragon palace. It is said that this stone is very spiritual. If you meet people who are predestined with it, you can realize your good fortune and future in this stone. People call this island shuilingshan island in memory of Shuiling girl's kindness.

Location context

Lingshan island is located in the middle of the Yellow Sea in the southeast of Huangdao District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, with east longitude of 120 ° 10 ′ and north latitude of 35 ° 45 ′ 48 ″. It is 10.5 km from the nearest point of land, Shandong island of Dazhu. Northeast southwest. It is 5.1km long and 1.43km wide (the widest is 3km), with a total area of 7.28km2 and a coastline perimeter of 14.3km.

Geology and geomorphology

land

In terms of geological structure, Lingshan island is located in Jiaonan uplift, a secondary tectonic unit in eastern Shandong. In the early Archean, folds were dominant, and in the post Proterozoic, faults were dominant, and the fault structural line was mainly NE trending. According to geologists' research, Lingshan Island originated from the orogeny of Cretaceous period more than 300 million years ago. Affected by crustal turbulence, late folds and faults, the strata of Lingshan island are locally complex, medium and small folds of sandstone are developed, and the dip angle of fracture surface caused by tensile faults changes, forming a series of majestic and steep geological landscapes. From a distance, the stone wall is like the wave of the sea .

Lingshan island is dominated by Mesozoic Cretaceous magmatic rocks.

The magmatic rocks are mainly intrusive rocks. The geological age is Archean, Proterozoic and late Yanshanian. Most of the intrusive rocks are metamorphic rocks, and most of them are granite and diorite. The sedimentary rocks are also widely distributed in Lingshan Island, mainly Jurassic and Cretaceous strata. The lithology is mainly sand shale, followed by river conglomerate.

Lingshan island has 56 large and small peaks, which are towering, steep and difficult to climb.

The terrain is high in the South and low in the north, with steep slopes in the south, cliffs in the north and terraces in the East and West. The main peak, waitouding, is 513.6 meters above sea level, dominating the South; the second peak, wanghailou, is 470.6 meters above sea level, dominating the West; and the elephant nose is 287.9 meters in the north. The three peaks arched into ridges. In addition, Ma Peng mountain, Quanding, huhuzui, Xiaoling mountain, yaneck and other peaks are surrounded.

coast

The coasts of Lingshan island are mostly rocky and reef coasts. The geology is Mesozoic Cretaceous magmatic rock, tuffaceous sandstone, normal porphyry and granite porphyry; Cenozoic tertiary sand and gravel marine deposit and quaternary sand gravel deposit; Archean Jiaodong Group magmatic rock, etc. The rock bank mouth mainly includes:

Yadaozi, one of the sub islands of Lingshan Island, is located at 35 ° 47 ′ 25.0 ″ N and 120 ° 10 ′ 35.9 ″ e, covering an area of 0.0167 square kilometers. The highest point is 20.3 meters above sea level, and 12.2 kilometers away from the closest point of the land, daheishilan, Shandong Province. There is no soil layer, vegetation and fresh water on the island. Sea cucumber and abalone are distributed in the water area.

Xiaoyadao, located between the northern end of Lingshan island and yadaozi, is about 100 meters away from yadaozi, in the shape of Wotou. The diameter is about 15 meters, the height is about 5 meters above the high tide line, and the area is about 200 square meters. All rocks. The geology belongs to Mesozoic Cretaceous volcanic rocks. There are sea cucumber and abalone in the surrounding waters, and there are many fish, which are suitable for fishing. Because the reef is close to yadaozi and smaller than yadaozi, it is named.

The reef is located on the southeast coast of Lingshan island. The total length is about 60 meters, the width is about 40 meters, and the area is about 0.0024 square kilometers. Among them, there are three large reef rocks: one is oceanic reef, which is a small island with an altitude of 10.9 meters, a length of about 0.03 km, a width of about 0.04 km, and an area of about 0.001 square km; the other is eryang reef, which is about 40 meters long, a width of about 10 meters, and an open reef with a height of about 2 meters above the high tide line; the third is Sanyang reef, which is about 250 square meters in area, dry out of the reef, with a water depth of about 20 meters, with sea cucumber and abalone growing. The geology belongs to Mesozoic Cretaceous magma.

The knife testing stone is located on the east side of Lingshan island near the coastline. It was originally the part of the mountain extending into the sea, and then broke away from the mountain. The stone is 25.2 meters high, the width of the upper opening of the fault is about 20 meters, and the width of the lower opening is about 2-3 meters. The geology belongs to Mesozoic Cretaceous magmatic rocks. The broken stone is like a knife. It's said that it was caused by Guan Gong's sword test here, so it's called sword test stone.

Marine hydrology

sea area

Lingshan island is located in the Yellow Sea, with Lingshan Bay and Huangdao District in the West and the Yellow Sea in the East.

Lingshan Bay is located in the southeast of the county. The bay mouth is between yumingzui and dazhushanzui, 23.4 km wide, with a total area of 107 square kilometers. Sediment bottom, water depth 5-12 meters, the coast is mostly flat beach. Fenghe river flows into the northwest, forming a estuary port. Qianli shrimp is abundant in the south of the port. There are Tangdao Bay in the northeast, Hudao Bay and Yuchi Bay in the southwest. There is Lingshan island in the southeast, which is the natural barrier of the bay mouth.

At the same time, there are smaller bays on the island shore.

Gounan cliff Bay is located in the east of Lingshan island. It is oval in shape. It covers an area of 0.15 square kilometers. The rocks on both sides are steep, with sand and gravel at the bottom. The full tide is 2 meters deep. Avoid West and southwest wind. Grow sea cucumber, abalone, etc.

Jimigou Bay is located at the north end of Lingshan island. It is about 0.3 km wide and covers an area of 0.03 square km. The rocks on both sides of the Bay are steep, and the bottom is gravel and sediment. The full tide is 3 meters deep. Can avoid southeast wind, can berth the ship. Grow sea cucumber, abalone, etc.

hydrology

Water temperature. Lingshan island sea area has the lowest temperature in winter, and the average value of Lingshan island sea area is 5.93 ℃ (surface and bottom). Due to the effect of wind-induced eddy and vertical convection, the water temperature of the upper and lower layers is basically the same. In spring, due to the increase of solar radiation, the water temperature generally increases, generally around 12-18 ℃. The average surface water temperature is 14.21 ℃, the average bottom water temperature is 12.99 ℃, and the surface water temperature is 1.22 ℃ higher than the bottom water temperature.

In summer, the solar radiation is the strongest and the sea water temperature is the highest. The average water temperature is about 21-28 ℃.

In autumn, the solar radiation weakens and the sea water temperature generally decreases. The average temperature is about 13-19 ℃. Due to the convection and mixing of seawater, there is little difference between the upper and lower water temperature. The temperature difference between surface and bottom is less than 0.3 ℃.

Salinity. In winter, due to the strong and cold northwest monsoon, the vertical mixing of sea water increases, and the distribution trend of surface and bottom salinity is basically the same. The surface salinity is slightly lower, and the average salinity is between 29.54 and 31.73. The trend of isohaline is parallel to the shoreline, and the salinity increases with the increase of offshore distance.

In spring, the average salinity of surface layer and bottom layer is 31.16-31.76, and the surface layer is slightly lower than the bottom layer. In the bottom layer of Lingshan Island, the average value is 31.76, which is the highest salinity in Qingdao sea area.

In summer, it is rainy season, and the runoff into the sea increases, so the salinity is low. The average salinity of the observed sea area is between 28.12 and 30.90.

In autumn, the salinity is lower than that in summer, and the average salinity of the whole survey area is between 27.79 and 31.29.

Water color, transparency. Affected by topography and water depth, the general trend is low color and low transparency. The level changes in spring and summer are obvious, but there is no significant difference in autumn and winter. The water color on the East and south sides of Lingshan island is relatively high and the transparency is relatively large. The water color on the West and north sides of Lingshan island is low, and the transparency is relatively small. In spring and summer, the water color is high and the transparency is large, while in autumn and winter, the water color is low and the transparency is small.

Tide and residual current

The tide of Lingshan island is mainly controlled by a sinistral tide wave in the South Yellow Sea. According to the long-term tidal data of Qingdao Dagang and the investigation of islands and bays, the index number of tide types in each sea area is below 0.5, and the whole sea area belongs to regular semidiurnal tide type.

trend. In Lingshan Island, the index number is more than 0.5, which belongs to irregular semidiurnal tide. It is a weak rotational flow.

Residual current. The velocity of Lingshan island is 24.3 cm / s. Generally, the velocity of the surface layer is greater than that of the bottom layer, and that of the bay mouth is greater than that of the bay.

Wave pattern. Most of them are mixed waves. When the wind is easterly or southerly, the wave pattern of Lingshan island is easterly

Chinese PinYin : Ling Shan Dao