Xiaopangu

Xiaopangu

Xiaopangu is a classical garden building built in Qing Dynasty. In Dashu lane, Dingjiawan, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, Zhou Fu, governor of Liangjiang, bought Xu's old garden and rebuilt it in 1904. In the garden, the false peaks are dangerous and the road is dangerous, the water is explored by the cangyan, the valley is deep and the stone path is circling, so it is named "xiaopangu". In addition, there is xiaopangu, a key cultural relic protection unit in China.

Xiaopangu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu

Structural layout

The gate of the garden is shaped like a moon cave, with a stone forehead inlaid with Li script "xiaopangu". The house is separated from the garden by fire lane in front of the garden gate. The garden is divided into two courtyards with flower walls. In the West courtyard, there is a stone rockery on the right, and three square shaped nanmu flower halls on the left. The pavilion is connected with a rolling shed corridor, and a clear pool is built behind the hall. Over the three fold stone bridge, you can enter the secluded cave. The cave is in the interior of the rockery. It has many holes and has good color light. It can penetrate into the sky and enjoy the garden scenery. There is a wind Pavilion on the top of the mountain. You can enjoy the scenery of the whole garden. The pink wall of the east courtyard has a peach shaped door and the title "Congcui" is on the forehead. East courtyard has fish pond, flower hall, bamboo tree, stalagmite and so on. You can enjoy climbing, and you can explore caves.

Landscape with shape

The layout of xiaopangu is strict, and the landscape is made according to the local conditions. Garden, water, architecture and shore road arrangement, all have unique ingenuity. The cliff is steep, the valley and cave are deep and curved, the corridor and hall are straight with the terrain, and the path is deep and secluded. Although built by man, it is like a natural picture. In the north of the park, the rock rockery near the wall of the pond has excellent folding skills. In the past, it has always been called "nine lions painting mountain". Although the space is small, the mountain peak is steep, the cave is steep, and there is a bridge near the water. In his book Yangzhou garden, Professor Chen Congzhou made the following comments on xiaopangu's rockery The mountain is towering and named jiushitu mountain. The peak is about nine meters high. I regret that when it was repaired in the early years of the Republic of China, it was slightly damaged. The rockery in this garden is one of the best works in Yangzhou The skill of mountain folding is particularly good. It is enough to compete with the Huanxiu villa in Suzhou. It is obvious that it is the hand of a famous craftsman. According to the twelve pieces of stone mountain in volume 12 of Jiangdu county annals by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the house says: "the garden is famous for the lake and the stone, and the stone is the lion's nine. It has the feeling of exquisite and young correction." From the analysis of the composition of xiaopangu rockery, we can see that the rockery is based on a piece of stone cottage, and is comprehensively improved with reference to other excellent works. "

Artistic technique

Xiaopangu covers a small area, and its beauty lies in the use of the artistic techniques of "using less to win more" and "seeing the big from the small". In order to be able to see the big from the small, the gardeners use powder walls to separate the limited space, increase the depth of field, and connect the scenic spots with corridors, so as to make the landscape looming and giving people a wonderful illusion. At the same time, we can create infinite space by opening pools and piling mountains to change the landscape. The pavilions and pavilions are skillfully and irregularly arranged. They borrow scenery from each other to form a picture. Trees, flowers and plants are interspersed among them to increase the meaning of mountains and forests.

Xiaopangu covers a small area, and the garden is divided into two courtyards by a flower wall. The mountain pool inside the wall, the flowers and trees outside the wall. On one side is the well constructed Qionglou langyuan, and on the other side is the natural scenery with green leaves. There are moon caves connected with each other, which seem to be separated from each other. One is secluded and one is broad, one is dense and one is sparse, one is gentle and one is simple, which complement each other. This is also a superb art of Yangzhou gardening.

Garden Art

Xiaopangu is unique in Yangzhou gardens. Compared with Geyuan and Heyuan, xiaopangu covers a very small area, and there are not many buildings and rocks. However, the beauty lies in its compact concentration, that is, less is better than more. Among the pools, rocks and pavilions, they are deep, cheerful, high and flat, with sharp contrast and changeable rhythm. In the limited space, they can create scenery according to local conditions and shape, creating the momentum of deep mountains and daze. They are far away and thought-provoking, which can't be compared with other gardens.

Xiaopangu is generally divided into three parts, the west is a bungalow residential area, the middle is a hall, the right of the hall is a fire lane, and the east of the lane is the garden. The garden is divided into two parts, the East and the West. Entering the garden gate is the west garden. In the garden, there are decaying stones in the lake mountain, which was formerly named "nine lions painting mountain", because the shape of the stones is like a group of lions exploring fish. There is a hole at the foot of the mountain, and the hole comes out of the west entrance. There is a pool of water, and the stone beams on the pool are folded three times. In the west of the pool, there is a water Pavilion and a cool hall. It faces the water on three sides. At the north entrance of the cave, there is a "step" near the water and a "water flowing cloud" embedded in the stone. The East and west gardens are separated by corridors and flower walls. There is a peach gate in the south of the wall, with the title "Congcui". The peach gate is the east garden, and there are three cool rooms in the south of the garden. The whole garden is the most outstanding in the way of seeing the big from the small. Xiaopan Valley is suitable for watching, or waiting for the breeze in the water Pavilion, or counting the fish in front of the sill, or wandering on the top of the mountain, or wandering in the corridor, or playing chess, or leaning on the building to enjoy the cool. Only in this way can we appreciate the beauty of xiaopangu.

For a long time, this exquisite City mountain forest has been used as the guest house of a certain unit, which can be described as "hidden in the boudoir, people do not know". Later, Yangzhou municipal government made great efforts to excavate the excellent historical and cultural heritage, moved the relevant units, and allocated funds for the thorough repair of the garden, so that it restored its former style. It will be a wonderful scene in the new "ancient lane Tour" in Yangzhou, which will satisfy the eyes of Chinese and foreign tourists.

In "Duobu" Xiaopan Valley, there are mountains and water, curved square shaped flower hall, water Pavilion and stone beam (bridge) on the water, with compact layout. Between the north entrance of the cave and the steep stone wall of Dongxian, it is called "deep water cloud". Here, there is no bridge on the water, but the stones connected with each other for tourists to walk. The replacement of bridge with stone is called "zhuanbu", also known as "Bu Shi", while it is called "Yue Lue" in the book of Yangzhou painting. Out of the cave, step "roughly", cross the stone wall, add a lot of fun of wild crossing.

Jiushitu mountain

Xiaopan Valley in the lake rock rockery, standing in front of the sun, high-risk majestic, in the past has been "nine lions map mountain" proportionate. It is said that "when it snows, the shape of nine lions will appear." in fact, the shape of a lion is not obvious. The so-called lion shape, when from the artistic conception and momentum up taste, in order to get its "likeness". Jiushitu mountain is exquisite and magnificent, with overlapping peaks and hills, winding narrow roads, secluded cliffs and gullies at the foot of the mountain, and flowing water. The cave is quiet and has a chess table. The top of the mountain is as flat as a plate, with wind pavilion built. Sitting in the pavilion, you can have a panoramic view of the whole garden.

Related works

In his works, the late famous landscape expert Mr. Chen Congzhou once mentioned a beautiful mountain forest xiaopangu in the ancient deep lane of Yangzhou. Xiaopangu, located in Dashu lane of Dingjiawan, was originally the residence of Zhou Fu, governor of Liangjiang in Qing Dynasty. It was designated as a cultural relic protection unit of Jiangsu Province in 1982. Garden in the east of the house, there are fire lane, house separated. To the west of the gate is the moon cave gate, with three characters of "xiaopangu" embedded in the front of the gate. At the beginning, there are three couplets in the flower hall. The house is high and open, and there are curved corridors around the house to the back court. On the opposite side of the flower hall is a rockery of lake and stone. On the mountain, the black pine is ancient and clumsy, and the bamboo shadow is whirling. It is dark and picturesque. On the east side of the flower hall, a corridor divides the garden into East and west parts. There is a peach shaped door on the wall of the corridor. The peach tip is downward, and peach branches and leaves are embedded on it. It's very interesting. Under the eaves in front of the gate stands a qingdaifeng stone, which looks like shouweng. Through the peach shaped gate, you can see the green bamboo trees and flowers in the garden. Along the wall corridor to the north, into the vase door, suddenly in front of a deep cave, this is built against the wall, outside the strange hollow Lake stone mountain entrance. The cave is deep and winding with cool air. In the open part of the cave, there are natural stones, just like tables and stools, for visitors to have a rest. Although the cave is deep, it is not very dark. It turns out that there is a hole on the rock wall, which can let in light. There is an exit to the West in the middle of the cavern, facing the deep pool. Lake stone revetment pool, very simple, clear water bottom, you can see fish play. In the west of the pool, the cool Hall of the water Pavilion, built for the Fu River, stands against the rockery standing in the east of the pool, making the steep cliff more majestic. There are three curved stone beams on the surface of the water, leading from the entrance to the north bank. There are two Magnolia grandiflora beside the pool, which block out the sky and the sun, making the valley more deep and secluded. If you come out from the north entrance of the cave, you have to step through the "shiting step", and then pass a section of cave curve, which is the end of the rockery. At this time, looking back at the cliff, because there is no retreat, I feel that the mountain is high and dangerous. Engraved on the top of the cave wall is the word "water flowing cloud in". Qifeng and Qiaoyun are reflected in the water, giving people infinite reverie. At the north end of the mountain, there are hanging pedals for climbing. A hexagonal pavilion is built on the mountain, half hidden on the east side of the peak. When you climb the pavilion, you can have a panoramic view of the garden, which makes you feel relaxed and happy.

The pavilion is connected with the mountain climbing corridor and goes down the steps to the east of the garden. The layout of the east garden is beautiful and sparse, which is in sharp contrast to the compact and deep layout of the west garden. On the winding flower wall, the cave window is simple and unique, which is enough for tourists. Walking along the green brick winding path in the east garden, the graceful maple trees and the flowery crape myrtle trees all come into view. In a corner of the corridor, banana trees are accompanied by hard stones, just like a vivid picture of banana stones At the southernmost end of the garden is a secluded courtyard, with the word "Tongyou" on the forehead. Inside, there are three couplets in the flower hall, and bamboo trees around the house, so that the dust can not enter. It is worth mentioning that the walls on the East and north sides of the garden are as high and low as flying, which can be regarded as an example of the Dragon Ridge wall in Chinese classical gardens.

Mr. Chen appreciated xiaopangu's gardening techniques very much. He said that the garden "is full of dangerous peaks, green hills, flowing rocks, water and stone. The key is to use the technique of" less is better than more. " "The rockery in this garden is the best one among all the gardens in Yangzhou," he said. "The technique of folding rockery is especially good, which is enough to compete with Huanxiu villa in Suzhou." (on gardens by Chen Congzhou)

Illegal club building

During the golden week of national day, the ancient city of Yangzhou is full of exquisite charm, and tourists from home and abroad flock to the city. As the highlight of the ancient city, Yangzhou's "xiaopangu" is just a small house, which is quite different from Geyuan and Heyuan, which are also the key cultural relics protection units in China. On the 4th, the reporter went into xiaopangu and visited the reason on the spot. Xiaopangu is located in

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Pan Gu