Gongshutang

Gongshutang

Gongshutang, a national key cultural relic protection unit, is located in the middle of Nanbao, Qicun village, Weifeng Town, Fuyi District, Xi'an City, 9 km south of Fuyi city.

Gongshu hall, originally named Yuanyuan hall, was founded in the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (1403-1424 AD). It was built by folk "Baiyang Sanhui" believers to commemorate their ancestors' merits and virtues. It took 11 years to build. Yuanyuan hall is not only the Dharma Hall of "Baiyang Sanhui", but also the worship hall for Buddha. There were 137 Buddha statues in the hall, also known as "Wanfo hall" in ancient times. It is named gongshutang because of the couplet in the gate of Dongge: "if the sculpture of Fatang is majestic, and if gongshuqiao is successful, the painting of the wings of the statue seems to have the ability of Daozi.".

Historical evolution

According to the 22 years of the Republic of China, "the revision of household county annals Volume I Rural table" on page 22: "Qi Village Nanbao" article postscript: "you gongshitang.

It's said that Lu Ban's carving is extremely exquisite. " According to the investigation, in the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (1403-1424 AD), Li Fuyuan, a native of Xiaofen village, nanquli County, Qi County, Taiyuan Prefecture, Shanxi Province, established Yuandun Orthodox Church. Today, it is commonly known as Baiyang Sanhui, which was spread to Weiyi in Guanzhong, and then introduced to Fuxian county (today's Fuyi District) to build a church to preach. The hall was originally called Yuanyuan palace. When it was listed as the protection of ancient buildings in 1957, director Xie of the cultural center named it gongshutang. Today, the masses are commonly known as Qicun palace.

Layout structure

The original buildings of Yuanyuan Palace: five guest rooms, Zhaobi, Shanmen, tou, Zhong and Hou three entrance halls, with an interval of about 2 meters. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the preservation was still relatively complete. In the "Cultural Revolution", the two entrance halls of the head and the middle were demolished one after another. Now there are only three back halls, commonly known as the ten thousand Buddha tower, and the small wooden niches with exquisite workmanship are preserved.

Cultural relics protection

On November 24, at the fourth meeting of the Sino French senior people to people cultural exchange mechanism held in Beijing, Zhao Qiang, President of Shaanxi Provincial Academy of cultural relics protection, signed a cooperation agreement with bate ARIS solle, President of the French heritage science foundation, on "Research on the protection of painted wood works in Gongshu hall".

In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the original buildings of Gongshu hall were well preserved. In the "Cultural Revolution", the first and second entrance halls were demolished. Later, due to disrepair, another hall collapsed, and now there are only two remaining halls, commonly known as Wanfo tower, which preserve the small wooden niches with exquisite workmanship. In recent years, due to the dispute over the compensation for the demolition of the next door residents, the restoration and development work has been delayed.

architectural style

Gongshutang is a Ming Dynasty architectural treasure integrating architecture, sculpture and painting. Due to its long history, the first three entrances have disappeared, leaving only the last one with Tiangong Pavilion. The entrance is three rooms wide, 7.13 meters deep and 6.10 meters high. The appearance is simple and unadorned. It is an ordinary hard mountain architecture. But the interior is "full of rich brocade", the buildings are juxtaposed, the attics are connected, the layers are stacked, and the atmosphere is myriad.

Each eaves is equipped with an extremely fine six wipe through flower partition door, decorated with a five jump bucket arch on the forehead, and on the bucket arch is placed an extremely gorgeous double tower. Inside the gate are the magnificent Tiangong pavilions with the top of Douba caisson or Dousi caisson. The Tiangong building is full of changes, including various complex and exquisite towers, triple towers, turrets, etc., with 213 halls and pavilions. The pavilions are connected by flying corridors. There are six levels in the structure of Tiangong from bottom to top, the bottom is the shelf, and the top is the caisson.

Tens of thousands of components are assembled in layers, interwoven with dense geometric patterns. This kind of box structure with lattice plate is a relatively rare unique structure, which is characterized by light material, good integrity and not easy to deform.

Modern new container technology and aviation often use this structure. The structure of Gongshu hall is not only light and firm, but also has a strong decorative effect, just like the "corridor waist man Hui, eaves teeth high peck, each embracing the terrain, grappling with each other". Pan Pan Yan, Luo Yan, honeycomb vortex This kind of Dougong is as dense as a beehive, and the caisson is like a whirlpool. It is rigorous, gorgeous and rhythmic.

Sculpture art

The most valuable part of Gongshu hall is its internal carving and painting. On the doorframe of the middle room in the east of the hall, there is a pair of couplets decorated with asphalt powder and gold, which says: "if Gongshu is skillful in carving, the painting of the wings of the statue seems to have the ability of Daozi." This is a true portrayal of gongshutang's carving and painting skills. Entering the hall is like entering the palace of carving art. It's like being in the fairyland of heaven. The eyes are full of exquisitely carved and exquisitely carved wood works of art, whose technology can be called uncanny craftsmanship. As the carving is extremely fine, although it is wood carving, it gives people the feeling of ivory carving.

The carved flowers are not only clean and beautiful, but also full of shape and vitality. There are eight hollowed out doors in the hall. The upper part is made up of flowers of various shapes. The heart of the flowers is inlaid with bright pearls, just like stars all over the sky, adding to the luxury and mystery of the Tiangong Pavilion. Every flower is a treasure of carving art. A very small set lock plum blossom is composed of 24 petals of different shapes, and all of them are inlaid and locked without any adhesive. The seams are tight, integrated and exquisite, which is amazing.

Well preserved

Gongshu hall is decorated with colorful paintings and pasted with gold. Its materials are made of stone mineral pigments such as stone blue, stone green and red gold. The painting style adopts the lost techniques of "lying on gold and shining on green" and "Purple Dragon cover", so the color is bright and the color lasts for a long time.

Although the picture is not big, it is extremely delicate and delicate. It is extremely neat, with excellent lines and colors. In particular, dozens of figure paintings, such as daolv holding GUI, Xianji traveling, lecturing and discussing Taoism, or holding tea and offering fruit, are vivid and impressive. Gongshutang's painted script (base) is also quite special, only about one millimeter thick.

Because it is very thin, it is not easy to peel off, so it is still intact after nearly 600 years.

main features

At present, there are two rooms in the middle and east of the rear hall. In front of each room, it is divided into six flower partition doors, on which there are flat brackets and balustrades. On top of it, three pavilions are carved. The pavilions are made of three drops of water, and the pavilions are connected by flying corridors. Inside the partition door, there is a square dome. Under the top, there are three dripping pavilions with double eaves. Each pavilion is connected with a turret. Under the pavilions, there are flat balustrades. The second entrance door is also carved with water caltrop and lotus teeth.

Inside the gate is an octagonal dome, under which is basically the same as the front Pavilion. Flat seat Dougong and pavilion, layer upon layer (three, four or five layer), extremely exquisite, pavilion painted, mostly. Li powder, gold. The water chestnut carving on the partition door is full of variety. The waist flower board is carved with flowers, and the water barrier board is painted with landscape and figure paintings. There are various changes in the railings between flat seats. The curtain curtain under the flat seat bucket arch has a vertical curtain pillar. Its complex structure and exquisite carving art can be called a treasure. There are several gold couplets on the lattice door

1. From the form to the phase, true fragrance also has a thousand year treasure, no Sutra, no Zen, wisdom lamp, ever bright pearl

2. Who can solve the problem of vacuum circuit

3. FA Tang's majestic sculptures are skillful, and the wings of the holy elephant seem to have Taoist skills

4. The magic method of vacuum

5. The vacuum is bright, the three Suns are clear, the moon is bright, the road is vast, and the Big Dipper day is open

Great significance

Gongshu hall is a small wooden building with frame structure. The box structure is used as the overlapping way, and the exquisite wood components are combined to form the Tiangong building. This is a representation of the wooden architecture of Shangtian palace Pavilion in Song Dynasty. The palace windows, hanging boards, and bars of the pavilion are engraved with metal lattices, such as tortoise pattern, Huiwen pattern, Wanzi pattern, iron lock and plum blossom. The knife technique is meticulous and varied. In the lower part of the heavenly palace, the hanging, flying cover, dixia, Mendian, gefan and other parts are respectively carved with high floating eyelashes, low relief, shadow carving, carving and bottom carving techniques. Most of the carvings are lotus, cirrus, Ruyi and other patterns.

If the work is refined, the lines are smooth, the shape is lifelike and lively.

The painting of Gongshu hall adopts the "Purple Dragon cover" process, and the color painting is the method of "lying on gold and shining on green". The main form of color painting is spiral painting, fusing spiral painting, Su style painting and color seal painting in one furnace. It is a marvelous sight to complement each other. It will be grass flowers, landscape characters, Longfeng Bogu all package together. It reflects the stories of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. Because the painting is pasted with gold powder, it has a strong sense of three-dimensional, changeable, colorful and brilliant.

Today, the "fine" carving, the "skillful" structure, the "unique shape" and the "fine" color painting are rare in ancient times. They are the gems of ancient carving art in China.

Address: Qinan village, Weifeng Town, Weiyi District, Xi'an City

Longitude: 108.58691129102

Latitude: 34.201501807188

Ticket information: free.

Chinese PinYin : Gong Shu Tang