Zhang huanhou Temple

Zhang-Fei-Tempel

synonym

Zhanghuanhou Temple generally refers to Zhangfei Temple (Chongqing Yunyang Zhangfei Temple)

Zhangfei temple, also known as "zhanghuanhou Temple", is located in Yunyang County, Chongqing. It was built by the local people in memory of Zhang Fei, Marquis of the Han Dynasty.

historical origin

Zhangfei temple in Chongqing, built in the late Shu Han Dynasty, has a history of more than 1700 years. The original site is located at the foot of feifeng mountain. A large number of precious calligraphy, painting and tablet inscriptions and more than 200 rare cultural relics are preserved in the temple. It is known as "a scenic spot of Bashu and a scenic spot of culture and algae". Zhangfei temple has been rated as a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national scenic spot in China. It is one of the important scenic spots on the Three Gorges Golden Tourism line.

Tourism landscape

In December 2015, zhangfei temple was selected as one of the 30 Best New Tourism Landscapes in the Three Gorges.

Zhangfei temple, also known as zhanghuanhou temple, is located at the foot of feifeng mountain on the South Bank of the Yangtze River, away from Chongqing

District 382 kilometers, and Yunyang County

Facing each other across the river, it was built in memory of Zhang Fei, a famous general of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms period. It was built at the end of the Shu Han Dynasty, and later repaired and expanded by successive dynasties. It has a history of more than 1700 years. It is said that Zhang Fei, who is brave and resolute, is eager to avenge his brother Guan Yu. He is killed by Zhang Da and fan Jiang, and his head is thrown into the river.

A fisherman got Zhang Fei's dream at night and went to the river to salvage Zhang Fei's head. Unexpectedly, he caught a pot of gold, so he built Zhang Fei temple with the gold. According to the annals of Yunyang County written by Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, "in the first year of Zhangwu, zhaolie (Zhang Fei) moved to Langzhong, where his army met Jiangzhou. It's worth Zhang Da's convenience, and it's the first to go downstream. According to the local people, "if the fishermen get it, they will put it away. It's a nightmare, so it's a temple.".

Historical records of Shu Han Dynasty

According to historical records, zhangfei temple was first built in the last years of the Shu Han Dynasty, and then expanded in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of more than 1700 years. Due to its close proximity to the Yangtze River, zhangfei temple was almost completely destroyed in the great flood in 1870. The existing buildings were built in succession from the Tongzhi period to the Guangxu period.

On the stone wall near the river in front of the temple, there are four big characters: "the wind is clear on the river", which are vigorous and elegant. There is a statue of Zhang Fei in the temple. There are a large number of poems, inscriptions, calligraphy, paintings and other cultural relics since the Han and Tang Dynasties. Known as "three unique" (the article, calligraphy, engraving) of the reputation, known as "Wenzao resort", "Bayu a wonderland". After the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, the temple will be submerged. At that time, a new zhangfei temple will be built on the south bank.

Folklore

It is said that after Zhang Fei was assassinated by fan Jiang Zhang Da in Langzhong, they took his head and went to the east Wu. When they heard that Wu and Shu were making peace, they abandoned his head in the river. When he fished for a fisherman, he was brought ashore and buried at the foot of feifeng mountain. People set up a temple here to commemorate him. Therefore, it is said that Zhang Fei's head is in Yunyang and his body is in Langzhong. Zhang Fei is very righteous and brave. He is respected by the people. Over the years, people from all over the world have come to hold sacrificial activities on the 28th day of the eighth lunar month, which has a certain scale and influence.

Architectural features

Zhang-Fei-Tempel

Make full use of the topography, mountain rock riverside, landscape garden and temple building integrated, set off each other. Outside the temple, Huangjue terrace, Shiqiao stream, waterfall pool, Lianluo, Linxi Maoting, Junyan ancient wood and other scenic spots are beautiful and quiet. The ancient buildings in the temple, such as Jieyi building, Book Gallery, main hall, Zhufeng Pavilion, Wangyun Pavilion, azalea Pavilion and Tingtao Pavilion, are well laid out, stacked and unique. They not only have the magnificent bearing of northern architecture, but also have the elegant quality of Southern architecture. They are also decorated with gardens, covered with bamboo and wood, and the winding path is secluded. Therefore, zhangfei temple is known as the "scenic spot of Bashu".

Facing the river and back to the mountain, zhangfei temple is composed of a group of ingenious ancient buildings with magnificent momentum. The main buildings are main hall, side hall, Jieyi building, Wangyun Pavilion, Zhufeng Pavilion, cuckoo Pavilion and Deyue Pavilion. The first five buildings were built in memory of zhangfei temple, and the last two buildings were built in memory of Du Fu, a poet of Tang Dynasty, who lived here for two years.

Zhang Fei temple also collects more than 600 stone carvings, wood carvings, calligraphy and paintings since the Han and Tang Dynasties, and more than 1000 other cultural relics since the Neolithic period. In particular, the calligraphy and painting inscriptions, the masterpieces of famous masters, have various schools and leading styles, many of which are rare at home and abroad. They have high historical, artistic and scientific research value, such as Zhang Biao stele of Han Dynasty, Tian Lin stele of Liang Dynasty, you Lan Fu of Huang Tingjian, Fu of Houhou Chibi of Su Shi, Houhou Chushi of Yue Fei, zhengzuo tie of Yan Zhenqing From Huang Tingjian, Su Shi, Yan Zhenqing, Yue Fei, Zhu Xi, Dong Qichang, Wang Shouren, Zheng Banqiao, Liu Yong, Weng Tonghe to idle monks and squires, it has long been said that "zhangci Jinshi is better than Shudong". Therefore, zhangfei temple has the reputation of "Wenzao resort". Due to its high value of natural landscape and cultural landscape, zhangfei temple was designated as Sichuan provincial key cultural relics protection unit in 1980 and national key cultural relics protection unit in 2001.

At present, it is the only key scenic spot in Chongqing that has been completely flooded and relocated in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. In recent years, it has attracted more and more attention of the world. Leaders of the central government, experts and scholars, Chinese and foreign tourists have come to visit and become a major tourist hotspot along the Yangtze River. Du Fu, a poet of Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "there are cuckoos in yun'an" when he lived in Yunyang. Cuckoos have always been a symbol of valuing emotion and righteousness. People in Yunyang attach more importance to emotion and righteousness. Guests from afar come to Yunyang, and zhangfei temple is opening its arms to you. Ticket price of Chongqing Yunyang Zhangfei Temple: 30.00 yuan / person

Local climate

Yunyang is located in the southeast middle subtropical humid climate area to the north of Tropic of cancer, and in the middle subtropical humid area of Sichuan Basin, with early spring, hot summer, cool autumn and warm winter. The rainfall is abundant in early summer, hot in midsummer, more summer drought, more rain in autumn and less sunshine in winter. The annual average temperature is 18.4 ℃. The average temperature in January is 7.2 ℃. The average temperature in July is 29.1 ℃. The annual average sunshine is 1484.8 hours. The annual average precipitation is 1100.1 mm. The frost free period is 304 days.

transport line

To Chongqing, about 23 kilometers away from the city, from the airport to the city, bus ride less than an hour.

Get off at Chongqing north railway station (Chongqing longtousi railway station), then take Yunyang direct bus to Chongqing long distance bus station opposite, and arrive at Yunyang Lianhua station in 4 hours.

Take a long-distance bus at Chaotianmen Traffic Square bus station or take a speedboat at Chaotianmen wharf for 5 hours to Yunyang County, and then take a bus to Panshi at Lianhua station of Yunyang County and get off at Yunyang Yangtze River Bridge. After that, you can go there on foot or by motorcycle.

tourist guide

The average annual temperature is about 18 ℃, the average winter temperature is 6-8 ℃, the average summer temperature is 27-38 ℃, and the maximum limit temperature can reach 43.8 ℃.

Chongqing has less frost and snow, more clouds, warm winter, hot summer, early spring, short autumn, abundant rainfall, and more rain at the turn of summer and autumn.

The best time to travel to Chongqing is in spring and winter. It is very hot in summer and rainy in autumn, so it is not suitable for tourism.

Cultural relics protection

Zhang huanhou temple, a national key cultural relic protection unit, is commonly known as Zhang Fei temple. It is located at the foot of feifeng mountain on the South Bank of the Yangtze River in the old town of Yunyang County, Chongqing. It was built by local people to commemorate Zhang Fei, a Shu General of the three kingdoms. According to legend, originally built in the Three Kingdoms, physical data were first seen in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the essence of successive buildings was collected. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges project, the location of zhangfei temple was submerged. In order to preserve this important cultural landscape, the state invested 40 million yuan to move this ancient building complex to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, 32 kilometers away from the old temple. The new zhangfei temple has three highlights:

A look at the peculiar architectural art. Zhangfei temple is a perfect group of ancient buildings. The temple, which has a history of more than 1700 years, takes full advantage of the change of elevation difference in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. It takes advantage of the mountain, sits on the rock and faces the river, forming a "pin" structure. Chen Yuanlin, director of the Yunyang County Museum of art, told the author that the existing Zhang Fei temple was left behind after renovation in the past dynasties. It basically gathered the essence of the past buildings. Visitors can see the architectural style and art of many dynasties in East Sichuan. More than 10 unique ancient buildings, such as Jieyi building, Deyue Pavilion and main hall, are gathered here to form a perfect three-dimensional landscape painting, which has the reputation of "beautiful scenery of Bashu".

Second, the magnificent art of calligraphy. There are a lot of calligraphy treasures in zhangfei temple. As far as the Han and Tang Dynasties, as far as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, countless famous poets wrote poems and left couplets here. More than 800 pieces of inscriptions, couplets, plaques, calligraphy and paintings are collected in the museum, with many schools and different styles. In the word Gallery, stele room, Zhufeng Pavilion, chushibiao exhibition room and other pavilions, the author saw a wide range of inscriptions, a collection of all kinds of calligraphy and painting treasures. They are either majestic, vigorous and straight, or warm and graceful, with a hidden needle. There are not only the handwriting of Yan Zhenqing, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and so on, but also Yue Fei's "chushibiao" before and after splashing ink, Zheng Banqiao's elegant bamboo, stone, orchid and so on. It is precisely these that make zhangfei temple a "cultural resort".

Third, look at the profound historical culture. Zhang Fei temple was built by local people to commemorate Zhang Fei, a powerful general of the Three Kingdoms. In it, Zhang Fei's heroic deeds are reproduced with sculptures. Tourists can come here not only in

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Huan Hou Miao