Tianjie

Tianjie

Tianjie is another name of Zhuque street in Chang'an City, capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties. Some people think it is the abbreviation of chengtianmen street. Professor Zhang Yonglu thinks that chengtianmen street is also called "Tianjie" because it leads directly to the Taiji palace where the feudal emperors lived and dealt with the imperial affairs, and ZhuQueMen street is also called "Tianmen Street" because it leads to the gate of the imperial palace. Therefore, Han Yu's famous poem in "early spring Chengshui Zhang shibayuan Wai" is: "the rain in the sky is as crisp as crisp, and the grass looks far away but not near." Tianjie in Chinese should refer to chengtianmen street, which is called "Tianjie". Ordinary people can't enter, but government officials can. Han Yu's poems brought the common people into the Tianjie of Tang Dynasty. The light rain in spring moistens everything, which is not only the scene of Tianjie, but also the scene of Chang'an. In addition to Han Yu's poems, Du Mu also has the sentence "the sky street is as cool as water at night". It can be seen that officials can stay here when they are on duty. Tianjie is 150-170 meters wide, second only to chengtianmen Hengjie in Chang'an City, and is still one of the widest streets in the world.

Changan Tianjie

According to records, there are three north-south streets in the imperial city of Tang Dynasty, which are chengtianmen street, anmenmen street and Hanguangmen street. Today's south and North Guangji streets are the location of chengtianmen street along the North-South central axis of Tang imperial city. Chengtian gate is not only the South Gate of Tang Chang'an Taiji palace, but also the middle gate of Chang'an palace city and Imperial City sharing the wall. It can be said that Chengtian gate is not only the South Gate of Tang Chang'an Palace City, but also the north gate of imperial city. Xuanwu Gate is located in the north, and Zhuque gate is located in the South Gate of the imperial city. According to historical records, there were imperial ditches on both sides of chengtianmen street at that time, covered with bluestone slabs, and locust trees planted on both sides of the road, which was also called Huaijie street at that time. There are two sentences in Han Yu's "two poems of Zhang shibawai, member of Chengshui department in early spring," the light rain in Tianjie is as crisp as crisp, and the color of grass is far away but not near. It's the best of spring. It's better than the smoke and willows that fill the imperial capital. " "Tianjie" in the poem is chengtianmen street, which is why chengtianmen street is called Tianjie. After this poem became popular, it became a trend for Chang'an people to go to chengtianmen street in early spring to appreciate the grass color.

Some people say that Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, has the most rigorous layout in the world. From the map of 108 square of Chang'an City in Tang Dynasty, we can clearly see that ZhuQueMen is the main gate of the south wall of the Imperial City, Mingde gate is the main gate of the whole south wall of Chang'an City, and the ZhuQueMen Street (also known as ZhuQueMen Street) between them is the central axis of Chang'an City, and it is also the dividing line between Wannian county and the east-west division of Chang'an County. The name of Zhuque street is just because of Zhuque gate.

As the site of ZhuQueMen has been covered by the present city wall, the excavation team of Xi'an Tang City, Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, detected the Tangmen cave site 50 meters east of the present ZhuQueMen in 1963. The width of ZhuQueMen is about 40 meters, and the west of the gate site has been destroyed. Zhang Yonglu said: "according to the conjecture of Chengtian gate and Mingde gate, the Zhuque gate should have five openings. Most of the city gates in Tang Dynasty had three openings, and the Zhuque gate had five openings, which also reflected its importance. At that time, the building volume of the towers was very large, much larger than the arrow tower on the wall of Xi'an. As the South Gate of the Imperial City, there must be a tall and magnificent gate tower on the rosefinch gate. "

Although today's rosefinch gate is only a brand new opening opened in the 1980s, it is famous in history. Hiragi, today's Nara, is the first capital built by Japan to imitate Chang'an of Tang Dynasty. It is the rosefinch gate, which serves as the main gate of hiragi palace.

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, emperors often held celebrations here.

In 589 ad, Yang Guang, who was still king of Jin Dynasty, and Yang Su, Minister of Jin Dynasty, led 500000 troops to attack Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), captured Chen Shubao, the empress of Chen Dynasty, destroyed the state of Chen, ended the division between the north and the south in the northern and Southern Dynasties, and realized the unification of the world. On the day when ban Shi returned to the imperial court, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty Yang Jian "personally controlled ZhuQueMen Lao to return to the imperial court. Because of the celebration and reward, he lined up a line of cloth and silk from outside the gate, which reached Nanguo and was awarded by this time, which cost more than three million pieces.". ZhuQueMen witnessed the unification of the world, and thus opened the prelude of prosperity in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The pace of history never stops, and the weather of the prosperous Tang Dynasty unfolds one by one. From the Sui Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, when the dynasties changed, ZhuQueMen still stood tall. It took master Xuanzang 18 years to go to India to learn Buddhist scriptures. After experiencing all the vicissitudes, master Xuanzang finally returned to the Tang Dynasty. Fang Xuanling, the Prime Minister of Tang Taizong school, came to meet him. When the people in Chang'an heard that master Xuanzang had retrieved the Sutra, they all excitedly passed on the news. The road more than 20 miles outside the Zhuque gate was full of welcoming people. It is said that the Buddhist scriptures and statues brought back by the master are displayed at the south end of Zhuque street. Please visit. From ZhuQueMen to Hongfu temple, where Xuanzang lived, there were dozens of Li long lines, burning incense and scattering flowers, and cheering. Xuanzang's return from his journey to the West has become a great event in Chang'an city. Later, when the mage moved to Ci'en Temple, one hundred thousand people in Chang'an stood on both sides of Zhuque street holding fragrant flowers and precious candles to welcome the mage, which was a good talk. ZhuQueMen once again witnessed the most important moment in Chinese history.

Of course, the story about ZhuQueMen is not over yet. At the end of Tang Dynasty, ZhuQueMen was destroyed in the war. Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty once ordered that the Zhuque gate be rebuilt. Wang Jiuhu, a businessman in the capital, heard that there was a huge difference in the money collected. Every common people had to levy two additional taxes. He got into the carriage, took 100000 Guan of money to the government, and asked the government to exempt the people from tax. It was a good talk for a while.

Modern Tianjie

It was closed in 904 and reopened in 1986. The rosefinch gate was covered with dust for more than 1000 years. It was quietly wrapped in the city wall, recalling the prosperity of the past. With its reopening, it has witnessed the rapid changes of the ancient city of Xi'an. Nowadays, many elderly people near ZhuQueMen still remember the development and changes of ZhuQueMen in the past 20 years.

Ms. Luo, who is more than 80 years old, clearly remembers that she moved to dachejiaxiang in 1959. At that time, there were all bungalows near ZhuQueMen, and there were old-fashioned quadrangles everywhere. Several families lived in one courtyard. At that time, Ms. Luo lived in the building of the family home of the municipal Party committee: "although our building had only three floors at that time, it was the" villa area "at that time, and it was also the only high-rise building near ZhuQueMen. I have the impression that the streets, including dachejia lane and Baoji lane, were full of potholes. Every time it rained, there would be water and the roads were muddy. "

If Ms. Luo's memory is more about the living environment near ZhuQueMen, Mr. Yang, 57, has a deeper memory of Chengmen. Mr. Yang grew up near the rosefinch gate when he was a child. The rosefinch gate he saw when he was a child was not as grand as it is now. In Mr. Yang's impression, the rosefinch gate might not have been opened at that time, it was just a big gap, and the city wall was just a section of devastated ruins. At that time, children could easily climb the city wall and play on the rosefinch gate. "I have the impression that Zhuque street was not as wide as Sifu street at that time. The surrounding streets were narrow and chaotic, and the road condition was also very poor." However, with the reconstruction of ZhuQueMen, the surrounding environment of ZhuQueMen has been greatly improved. Streets and buildings have been widened and renovated, and there are many tall buildings. In recent years, from nanguangji street to ZhuQueMen Road, merchants and facades on both sides have been built in an antique style, with uniform style and more characteristics. Xi'an News Building, China Construction Bank, Weiye building and other high-rise buildings have been built one after another along the street.

During the Spring Festival, a couplet is hung on both sides of the ZhuQueMen gate. The first couplet is "whether the grass color of the light rain sky in the spring of the imperial capital is different between the far and the near", and the second couplet is "zhuquejingxin, today's traffic is surging to Kangzhuang", which is the dialogue between history and today.

Among the city gates in Xi'an, Zhuque gate is a special one. It is not as complete as Han guangmen, nor as Xuanwu Gate has witnessed the palace mutiny. However, the rosefinch gate is one that can not be ignored. We have reason to believe that the gate guarded by the ancient southern beast rosefinch will witness more wonderful modern Xi'an.

Address: Taishan Scenic Area, Taishan District, Taian City

Longitude: 117.104739

Latitude: 36.256009

Tel: 0538-8235203

Ticket information: no ticket required. Included in the ticket of Mount Tai scenic spot

Chinese PinYin : Tian Jie