Stone carving in Qintai mountain

inscribed stones on Mount Tai

synonym

The inscriptions on Mount Tai in Qin Dynasty generally refer to the inscriptions on Mount Tai

Taishan carved stone is a cliff carved stone in the Qin Dynasty, which is divided into two parts, the first half of which is the inscription of the first emperor

）Engraved in the 28th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (219 BC), the second part of the imperial edict

）It was carved in the first year of Qin II (209 BC),

It is said that Li Si wrote an article and wrote a book,

Also known as "Lisi stele", it belongs to Xiaozhuan calligraphy works. It was originally built on the top of Mount Tai in Tai'an City, Shandong Province. The remnant stone is now in the Eastern Imperial Palace of Dai Temple in Tai'an City, Shandong Province.

In the first half of "carving stones on Mount Tai", the first emperor of Qin stated that he made full use of the law to protect the various systems of the newly established centralized feudal country, required his subjects to follow the legal system, and told his descendants to adhere to the legalist line and never change;

The latter part records the situation of Li Si's request to engrave an imperial edict beside the stone immediately by the first emperor of Qin.

In calligraphy, the brush is used against the front and back to the front. The strokes are not slow and impartial, the thickness is consistent, and the round turns are full of calm and strength. In the structure, the strokes are tight up and loose down, and the strokes are relatively balanced, and some are even balanced to a primitive "clumsy" level, almost absolutely symmetrical, orderly and bow to each other.

Contents of inscriptions

(Note: the direction and branch are in accordance with "jinshishuo · shisuo 1");

The characters are based on the 165 character rubbings collected in Anguo of Ming Dynasty; the frame indicates the missing characters added according to the records of previous dynasties; the bold indicates the existing characters; < sub = < / sub indicates the combined text.

）

Creative background

The first half is carved in the 28th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (219 BC), and the second half is carved in the first year of the second emperor of Qin Dynasty (209 BC).

In the 28th year of the first emperor of Qin (219 BC), the first emperor of Qin ascended Mount Tai. In order to praise the first emperor's achievements in unifying China, Li Si, the prime minister, published the inscription on Mount Tai (the first part).

In the spring of the first year of Qin II (209bc), he followed the example of Qin Shihuang to visit counties and counties, Jieshi and Kuaiji in the East. Li Si accompanied him and asked Qin II to engrave an imperial edict beside the stone that Qin Shihuang ordered to show the success and virtue of the former Emperor. So he added an imperial edict to the stone inscriptions on Mount Tai and wrote the names of his ministers (the latter part).

Art appreciation

style

The stone carving on Mount Tai is exquisite in writing, smooth in circulation, well proportioned in flesh and bone, implicit and euphemistic, grand in spirit, simple and bright. Compared with pre Qin calligraphy, Qin Xiaozhuan's strokes are roughly the same in thickness, horizontal and vertical, and the turning point is very fluent and elegant, without stiff strokes. Hide the head and protect the tail. The brush is fine and meticulous. It is graceful and implicit. It is full of strength. The horizontal trend is steady, the vertical trend is bold, concise, bright and magnificent. Although the law is strict, it is majestic and majestic, as well as the atmosphere of mountains and temples. It is just like what Zhang Huaiyu said in shuduan of Tang Dynasty that "painting is like iron and stone, characters are like flying", "its momentum is flying, its shape is just like" and "it is not easy to be the ancestor of regular script". At the same time, the structure is neat and uniform, striving to be even and symmetrical, dense horizontally and sparse vertically, dignified and majestic, and beautiful. The style of the book is more concise and standardized than that of oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and even Shi Gu Wen. First, it retains some characteristics of hieroglyphics and emphasizes the beauty of the curve of the pen. Secondly, it gives full play to the unique beauty of Chinese characters and has the meaning of decorative beauty. The lines are neat and harmonious, changing the previous complicated and interlaced forms, and the writing forms tend to be regular. Third, strive for strict symmetry, neat and exquisite, similar size, face is very prominent. Fourth, it is dense horizontally and sparse vertically, which fully shows the physical characteristics of seal script, and makes it produce a kind of beautiful and graceful air in the majestic. Fifthly, the distribution is strict, and the spatial levels show people strict rules, beauty and solemnity.

< I (source: Palace Museum < / I

Work evaluation

Zhang Huaiyi of Tang Dynasty: today's steles of Mount Tai, Mount Yi and Qin Wang and their remains are also called the great treasure of the country and the method of a hundred generations. (shuduanzhong Shenpin)

Lu Xun, a modern litterateur, thinker and revolutionist: in the 28th year, the first emperor began to visit counties and counties in the East, and all his officials recited his merits and virtues, which were engraved on gold and stone for later generations. His words were also written by Lisi, which are still popular today. They are of high quality and can be strong. They are actually from the inscriptions of Han and Jin Dynasties. (outline of the history of Chinese Literature)

Historical heritage

Circulation

Carved stone on Mount Tai was originally built on the top of Mount Tai in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, probably around the Ming Dynasty stele.

In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty granted Taishan a seal to the East, and the prefect of Yanzhou presented a rubbings of "Taishan carved stone", which contains more than 40 words.

Before the eighth year of Qingli (1048), when song Xiang came out of Dongping County, he sent people to Mount Tai to develop the inscription on Mount Tai, and got 48 characters.

Before and after that, Ouyang Xiu's good friend Jiang Linji once saw "stone carving on Mount Tai" on the top of Mount Tai, and said: "the stone is stubborn and can't be carved. I don't know why it was carved at that time."

In the spring of the second year of Daguan (1108) and the autumn of the third year of hezhenghe (1113), Liu Fu went to Mount Tai twice. The stone carving on Mount Tai, which he saw, was buried in the soil. It was no more than four or five feet high, and its shape was square rather than square. It had 76 characters, and its destruction and disappearance could not be seen.

In the fourth year of Zhenghe (1114), Dong Fu personally visited Mount Tai and found that the south side of the stone inscription on Mount Tai was "imperial edict II". He believed that the stone inscription on Mount Tai should have fallen before the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), and later generations mistakenly adjusted the orientation of the stone inscription because of the erasure of the three sides of the characters. In September of 1255, Hao Jing ascended Mount Tai and wrote "reading Qin tablet on taipingding", saying: "the number of Mianyang is still recognizable.". From the Yuan Dynasty to the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1265), Du Renjie recorded the situation of the carved stone on Mount Tai when he ascended Mount Tai in the record of Xuanwei Zhang Gong ascended Mount Tai on Dongping Fu Road: "only numbers, the rest are not recognizable." In 1558, when Wang Shizhen visited Mount Tai, he found that the inscription on Mount Tai had been moved to the West office outside the west wall of Bixia temple. After that, Wu Tongchun went to Mount Tai twice in 1583 and 1589, respectively. In order to find out the situation of the carved stones, he asked someone to take them out of the wall. When they were relocated, they were "chiseled separately" for the convenience of resettlement, and the carved stones were seriously damaged. In the 27th year of Wanli (1599), when Xie Zhaohe ascended Mount Tai, he saw the situation of "carved stone on Mount Tai" as follows: "the first two characters have been destroyed, only 29 characters below" chensi "have been obtained."

Later, it was moved to the east of Bixia temple. In June of the fifth year of Qianlong (1740), Bixia temple was destroyed by fire, and the remnant stone of Taishan carved stone was missing. There are several different opinions about the time and the people who moved the inscription on Mount Tai to the east of Bixia Temple: 1. According to the records of Mount Tai published in the 39th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (1774), the old stone was on the pool of Jade Maiden in Daiding, and Ding Zaobao, a doctor, moved to the east of Bixia temple in the 8th year of Yongzheng (1730). ② The records and inscriptions of the late Qing Dynasty, such as the annals of Taian County in Daoguang, all record that the remnant stone of the inscription on Mount Tai was obtained by Xu from Beiping (now Beijing) in zhenmang during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. There are twenty-nine characters in it, which were moved to the east of Bixia temple for fear of annihilation. However, when Wu Tongchun and Xie Zhaohe ascended Mount Tai in the Wanli period, they saw that the carved stone on Mount Tai was still in the jade girl pool, so the record of the stone on Mount Tai moved to Bixia temple in the Jiajing period was wrong.

③ Yan Kejun of the Qing Dynasty claimed that Xu Zhuang of Luanhe, the governor of the Ming Dynasty during Hongzhi period, moved the stone carving on Mount Tai to the jade girl pool, denying that "in Wanli period, the jade girl pool was transferred to the Bixia Yuanjun temple.". In the fifth year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, the temple was destroyed by fire.

In 1815, Wang Rubi was appointed magistrate of Tai'an. From Xu Shisheng, the manager, he learned that there was an old man Zhao who had seen a stone in the jade girl pool on the top of Mount Tai a few decades ago. In 1815, Wang Rubi appointed Jiang yinpei and Chai Langao to search the jade girl pool on the top of Mount Tai for the carved stone on Mount Tai. They found two pieces of residual stone and preserved the cross. Wang Rubi then embedded the residual stone in the baositing in the west of Dongyue Temple on the top of the mountain. In 1832, the wall of Dongyue Temple collapsed and baositing was covered with rocks. Xu zonggan, the county magistrate of Tai'an, found the remnant stone in the rubble. He asked Liu Chuanye, a Taoist, to move the remnant stone to the foot of the mountain and embed it in the wall of daimiao temple. He wrote a postscript to the story. In 1890, the remnant stone of "carving stone on Mount Tai" was stolen. The magistrate Mao Shuyun searched for it for ten days and found it under the bridge in the north of the city. Later, it was still in the Dai Temple. In May 1910, Yu Qinglan, the magistrate of Tai'an County, built a stone house in the ring chanting Pavilion of Dai Temple. He embedded three pieces of carved stone in the stone house, including the remnant stone of "carving stone on Mount Tai" and Xu zonggan's postscript and his own preface. The stone house was protected by iron fence.

In 1928, the army led by Yan Xishan entered Tai'an and mingled with the army led by warlord Ma Hongkui

Chinese PinYin : Qin Tai Shan Ke Shi