De Gongbo

Han Temple

synonym

Degongbo generally refers to the Han temple

Hanren temple was built in 1274 ad, with a history of more than 700 years. It is the earliest ancient building in Ganzi County. Degongbo is located in kangbazhehuo area, belonging to deba village of Ganzi town. In ancient times, this area was called zheshenzharobutang. It was an important road leading to the inland and all parts of Tibet. It was also a place for military strategists of all dynasties. In this special geographical position, degongbo once played an important role in the political, economic and cultural exchanges between the mainland and Tibet.

brief introduction

Han temple, also known as degongbo, is the oldest temple embodying the unity of Tibetan and Han nationalities. It has a history of more than 700 years and is the oldest building in Ganzi County. The hall is ingenious in structure and integrates the architectural style of Tibetan and Han. It is a combination of the wisdom of Tibetan and Han craftsmen and a symbol of national unity. The murals in the temple are well preserved and highly skilled, which is of great value to the study of Tibetan Buddhism and the culture and art between the Tibetan and Han nationalities. These murals have a history of more than 700 years. The Han temple is the oldest building in Ganzi County. The combination of Tibetan and Han in the whole temple is also a symbol of the unity between Tibetan and Han, so it is called Han temple.

legend

It is said that the third generation of living Buddha in the Han people's temple is a Han people. When he presided over the temple, he reformed the architectural style and added a dome like the temple of heaven in Beijing to the main building, but there were some changes. From left to right, he looked like the official hat on the head of the officials of the Qing Dynasty. The humorous Ganzi people sarcastically said that a Han hat was put on a Han fat hen, gave birth to a smooth egg and hatched a Han temple. It is said that Princess Wencheng had a rest when she came to Tibet. In those days, the open mud land in front of the temple, which is full of reverie, is integrated with the low dwellings around. With the long and narrow cloisters, Ganzi, a town that I regard as a treasure land, even in the new urban area, we can go back to the past by looking at it from the window or taking a little step.

Temple Landscape

main hall

It is the main hall of the Han people's temple and the largest hall in the temple. There is a broad platform in front of the hall, the structure of the beam frame on the top of the hall is magnificent, and the arch system inside the hall is various. It is a wooden building with national tradition. In the center of the hall, there are five golden Buddha statues, called five square Buddha, which are the original works of the Jin Dynasty. It is the only Liao Dynasty building not destroyed by the war in Shanhua temple. The main hall stands on a 3.3-meter-high platform with a memorial archway and a bell and drum pavilion built in 1616. The main hall is 7 rooms wide, 40.7 meters; 5 rooms deep, 25.5 meters, with single eaves and five ridges. There is an octagonal caisson on the top of the hall. There are two layers of brackets in the inner circle. The lower layer is made of seven pavilions, and the upper layer is made of eight pavilions, which are stacked from bottom to top. The hall also adopts the method of reducing columns to arrange columns, so the space is wide.

The main hall was built in Liao Dynasty and rebuilt in Jin Dynasty. The main hall is seven wide and five deep, with two flat base caissons in the middle, and the rest of it is made by the top exposed. Douba caisson is surrounded by two layers of Dougong. The lower layer is made of Qipu, and the upper layer is made of BAPU. The carving is exquisite. Its shape and technique are the same as the main hall's beam frame structure and bucket arch structure, which is a legacy of Liao Dynasty. In the center of the Buddhist altar in the hall are five clay statues with golden body, which are called five square Buddhas. They are the original works of the Jin Dynasty. They are solemn in appearance, elegant in posture, fluent in clothing patterns, and superb in carving skills. Although they have been decorated by color paintings of past dynasties, they still retain the artistic style of Liao and Jin statues. The huge rosette is decorated with lotus petals, beads, triangle persimmon stalks and lion heads. It is a relic of the Liao Dynasty. There are also disciples and Bodhisattvas around. On both sides are the 24 heavens. These standing statues are about 2 or 5 meters high. The characters are vividly depicted in different shapes. We can see their ages, personalities, literary officials or military generals. They are male, female, old, young, beautiful, ugly, literate, martial, or emperor's clothing, or minister's image, or bare chested and barefoot, wearing gauze clothes, or wearing armor and fur to resist the cold wind of northern China. The atmosphere of life is rich. It's very infectious. It can be regarded as a national treasure. Among them, the most outstanding ones are the six arm "rigong Tianzi" on the east side and the "Yuegong Tianzi" on the west side. Rigong Tianzi has beautiful eyebrows, plump and mellow skin, slender figure, fluent clothing, implicit expression, kindness and kindness. The sculptors have molded them as women, and they are more graceful and magnificent. The jade arms are light and dynamic, which leave a deep impression on people. The statues of the sun palace emperor and the Moon Palace emperor are like two living virtuous and quiet young women standing there. They are indeed the crystallization of the creative work of the artists in the Jin Dynasty, worthy of being a masterpiece. The West and south walls are painted with stories about Buddhism. There are two floors of bells and drums on the left and right.

Manjusri Pavilion

On the east side of the hall is the Manjusri Pavilion site, and on the west side is the Puxian pavilion built in the second year of Jin Zhenyuan. Puxian Pavilion, with three wide faces and three deep depths, is a Liao style pavilion with three square, double eaves and nine ridges. It adopts the method of flat and dark floor (that is, there is a dark floor between the two Ming floors), and still has the style of Tang Dynasty Pavilion. The detailed structure is similar to the Yingxian Wooden Tower built in 1056. In 1953, the inscription "yixingzao" was found in the second year of Zhenyuan (1154), which proved that it was the reconstruction of Jin Dynasty. With exquisite structure and simple shape, Puxian Pavilion stands high in the temple. It was built in the second year of Zhenyuan (1154 AD) of Jin Dynasty. Pavilion sitting West to East, pavilion built-in wooden ladder, you can climb the pavilion overlooking. In the south of the pavilion, there is a five dragon wall made of colored glaze, which is gorgeous and magnificent. On the other side, an iron ox is well preserved, strong and moving. It used to stand in Xiyan of Yuhe River to suppress the river demon and eliminate the flood. Move back here.

Puxian Pavilion

And Manjusri Pavilion is a symmetrical Pavilion building, located in the East and west sides between the main hall and Sansheng hall, also known as the East Tower and the West Tower. The Manjusri Pavilion on the east side was destroyed by fire in the early Republic of China, while the Puxian Pavilion on the west side was rebuilt in 1154. Sitting from west to East, it is a two-story pavilion with three square faces and three deep depths. It has double eaves and nine ridge roofs. The lower eaves are flat seats, and the upper eaves are covered with bucket arches. The two eaves are covered with tubular tiles. The appearance is exquisite and the proportion is even. It is a precious object for studying the architecture of China's Liao and Jin Dynasties.

Three temples

It is the central hall of the Han people's temple. The three statues in the center of the hall are "three saints of Huayan". The mountain gate is the main gate of the temple, in which there are four statues of the heavenly king. These four Buddhist Dharma protectors give people the impression of awe inspiring and inviolable. There is also a five dragon wall in Shanhua temple. The five dragons are colorful, adding a lively and cheerful atmosphere to the temple. Sansheng hall was built in 1128, the sixth year of jintianhui. The hall has five rooms in width and four rooms in depth. Its structure is in line with the architectural characteristics of song and Liao dynasties, and has a unique style. It can be said that it is a representative wooden building in the early Jin Dynasty. In the hall, four columns and four auxiliary columns are used to support the beam frame, which is the top type of the hall. There are 60 degree oblique arches on the left and right, which are like blooming flowers. Oblique arches are popular in the Jin Dynasty, and the most magnificent ones are in this way. Four gold pillars are used to support the roof of the hall, which is a prominent example of the method of reducing and moving columns in Liao and Jin Dynasties, and fully shows the national and simple style of ancient architecture. There are three standing statues inside, with Sakyamuni Buddha in the middle, Puxian Bodhisattva on the right and Manjusri Bodhisattva on the left. They are called the "three saints of Huayan" and named the three saints hall. Before the Sansheng Buddha, Han Temple

There are two assistant Bodhisattvas standing by. Behind the altar, there is a statue of Dharma protector Wei Tuo, holding a magic wand, which is extremely powerful and powerful. There are also four stone tablets in this hall. In order to study the important documents of the temple, Zhu Bian's "golden tablet" is regarded as an outstanding one for the first time in the history of building the tablet, the exquisite carving of the forehead, the gorgeous wording of the tablet, and the exquisite calligraphy of the tablet. Jin Ji Zhu lived in the temple for 14 years. He witnessed the restoration of the temple, so it is not only full of literary talent, but also full of reliable records.

The Sansheng hall is located on a platform more than one meter high. It is a typical wooden structure in the early Jin Dynasty. It was built in the sixth year of the golden heaven society. The hall is rectangular, 28 meters long from east to west and 13.5 meters wide from north to south. It has five wide surfaces, four deep depths, five ridge roofs with single eaves, and a variety of oblique arches between left and right. This kind of inclined arch is a unique form of Liao and Jin architecture. It not only carries the weight of eaves, but also has a strong decorative effect. Liang Sicheng once commented on this kind of "Dougong" and said: "greatness, containing unlimited power, is quite enough to show that the vigor was in the ascendant at that time." I think it's so big and eye-catching, "competing with the roof for sight", which is very different, solemn and depressing. In the hall, only four main columns and four auxiliary columns are used to support the beam frame. The top of the hall adopts the method of "fully exposed" to increase the space and facilitate Buddhist activities. It is a typical example of column reduction method.

The gate of the mountain is also the temple of the heavenly king, with a single eaves and five ridges. It is 27 meters wide and 10 meters deep.

The door between the two

There are 6 eaves pillars in front and back of the gate, which are well distributed; there are 6 middle pillars in the longitudinal direction, which are 18 in total. The inner and outer pillars are the same height, which are chiseled and neat, and the shape is beautiful. It is the existing giant structure of the gate in Jin Dynasty. The plaque of "Wei De Hu Shi" is hung at the gate of the mountain, and the font is thick and powerful. Up to now, there are many cultural relics in the Han people's temple, including the Zhenhe iron ox on the West Bank of the Yuhe river outside the east gate of Datong City, as well as the Five Dragon Wall photo of the Ming ribbon glass in Xingguo temple outside the south gate. These two important cultural relics obviously add a lot of color to Shanhua temple.

architectural composition

After several hundred years of expansion, it now covers an area of 3875 square meters, including a construction area of 1350 square meters, three stories high, civil structure. The front porch, sutra hall and Dharma hall in the shape of "convex" are combined into one

Chinese PinYin : De Gong Bo