Yongzhaoling

Yongzhao mausoleum, the mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty, is located in Gongyi City, Henan Province, between the north foot of Songshan Mountain and Luohe River. The mausoleum is centered around Zhitian Town, about 15 kilometers from north to South and 10 kilometers from east to west. Yongzhaoling is the mausoleum of Zhao Zhen, the fourth emperor of Song Dynasty.

Yongzhaoling

Yongzhao mausoleum is the mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty. Yongzhao mausoleum is the burial Mausoleum of Zhao Zhen, the fourth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Cao Shi, Empress of CI Sheng Guang Xian. It is located in Gongxian County (now Gongyi City), Henan Province, between the northern foot of Songshan Mountain and Luohe River. The mausoleum area takes Zhitian town (song Yong'an county) as the center, about 15 kilometers from north to South and 10 kilometers from east to west. In 1982, the imperial mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty was designated as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In 1995, with the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, the Yongzhao mausoleum in the urban area was restored as it is, which is the only imperial mausoleum restored in Song Dynasty.

A brief introduction to yongzhaoling

Yongzhao mausoleum is the tomb of Zhao Zhen, the fourth emperor of Song Dynasty, and Cao, Empress of CI Shengguang. Empress Zhang's funeral, which benefited song Renzong's first name, is the sixth son of Zhao Heng, the prince in the folk romance "cat for Prince". Song Renzong was born in the third year of Xiangfu (1010 A.D.) in Dazhong. He became the crown prince in 1018 and was named Zhao Zhen. He became emperor in 1022 and died in Kaifeng in 1063. He was 53 years old. During the forty-two years of song Renzong's reign, the country was peaceful and the people were in peace, the culture, the military and the officials gathered together, the science and culture developed, and reached the peak of the Song Dynasty. According to relevant historical records, in October of 1063, Emperor Renzong Zhao Zhen was buried in yongzhaoling (now Gongyi City), and 46700 soldiers were mobilized to repair the mausoleum. The construction period was seven months and 500000 liang of silver was consumed

1.5 million yuan and 2.5 million pieces of silk. It has a huge scale and magnificent architecture. Although it has experienced thousands of years of wind and rain and suffered from war and looting, it still has the grand momentum of the Royal Cemetery. The whole cemetery follows the feudal geomantic theory of geomantic topography. It is built according to the terrain. It is surrounded by mountains and water, with Southeast dome and northwest depression. It is composed of "emperor's Mausoleum", "Queen's Mausoleum" and "Xiagong". The stone carvings on both sides of Shinto are lifelike, majestic, tall and lifelike. Among them, "Ruiqin" and "luduan" are masterpieces in the history of sculpture, which can be called the world's best.

An overview of Imperial Mausoleums in the Northern Song Dynasty

The Nine Emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty, except Huizong and qinzong who were abducted by the Jin people and died in Mobei, were all buried here. In addition, the tomb of Zhao Hongyin, the father of Zhao Kuangyin, was moved here from Kaifeng (called Yong'an Mausoleum), so people call it the seven emperors and eight mausoleums. The order is xuanzu (Zhao Hongyin) Yongan mausoleum, Taizu (Zhao Kuangyin) Yongchang mausoleum, Taizong (Zhao Guangyi) Yongxi mausoleum, Zhenzong (Zhao Heng) Yongding mausoleum, Renzong (Zhao Zhen) Yongzhao mausoleum, Yingzong (zhao shu) yonghou mausoleum, Shenzong (Zhao Xu) Yongyu mausoleum, zhezong (Zhao Xu) Yongtai mausoleum. During the Jianyan period of Jingkang in the Song Dynasty, it was destroyed by the Jin soldiers, and in the Yuan Dynasty, all the ground buildings were destroyed.

structure

From quetai to beishenmen, yongzhaoling has a north-south axis of 551 meters. There are 13 pairs of stone men, 2 pairs of stone sheep, 2 pairs of stone tiger, and 2 pairs of stone sheep on the Shinto outside the South God gate

There are 2 pairs of stone horse, 1 pair of stone horn, 1 pair of stone rosefinch, 1 pair of stone elephant and 1 pair of stone watchpost. These stone carvings are long and exquisite. The samurai was tall, brave and loyal to guard the palace gate. The guest emissary has a heavy constitution, concise and clear outline, holding tribute in both hands, wearing a big robe, and draped to his feet. The stone tiger is powerful and vigorous, and the stone sheep is quiet and beautiful. The stone rosefinch carving of yongzhaoling is particularly exquisite. The whole screen is rectangular, and the whole body is carved into a layer of changeable mountain clouds, which sets off the flying rosefinch. The beautiful tail is like a handsome fan waving the wind and cloud. The relief highlights the magnificent spirit of pengtu, presenting a magnificent and romantic picture.

There are seven song mausoleums near Yongzhao mausoleum. These mausoleums are roughly the same as Yongzhao mausoleum, with large mausoleums, corner gates around, and magnificent stone carvings on both sides of Shinto. Now Yongzhao mausoleum and yonghou mausoleum have been built as song mausoleum park.

scale

Yongzhao mausoleum is very magnificent. There are many precious funeral objects buried under the mausoleum. There are many kinds of buildings on the mausoleum, such as upper palace, lower palace, temple and so on

With the passage of time and the changes of the world, these buildings are constantly damaged by nature and man-made. After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, Gongxian was successively supported by the "Qi" regime and occupied by the Jin Dynasty.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, an official named Zheng Gangzhong went to work in Shaanxi Province. When he passed Gongxian County, he stopped for a short time in Song mausoleum. In his book "journey to the West daoliji", he recorded the situation of yongzhaoling mausoleum at that time. He said: "Zhaoling Mausoleum was built by planting pines and cypresses in Pinggang, and there were no walls beside the road, while Zhou Yizhi and tangerine were built around the mausoleum. Suique corner is the gate of God. To the south, there are stone sheep, horses, camels, elephants and so on. On the second floor of Lingtai, pines and cypresses are planted. It's about two feet high Those who go to the palace are the places to drink and offer. Now there is no layer, but the legacy base can be seen in history The palace under the Mausoleum (Queen) was burned by fire, and the trees were withered. It can be seen that the yongzhaoling mausoleum was already in ruins. However, the tomb platform (mound) has not been stolen and excavated, "only the Zhaoling Mausoleum is the same as before", while most of the other mausoleum foundations have been destroyed. In the Yuan Dynasty, the tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty were ransacked once, and were turned into ruins. It was a pity that the cultural relics and facilities of a generation were completely destroyed.

Construction history

After Zhao Zhen died, he stopped at Funing hall in the palace, and then sent Xuanqing envoy Shi Quanbin and others to Gongxian County to survey the site of the mausoleum. 1. The urban area of Yong'an county is now Zhitian town. Second, Xiaoyi fort. At that time, the ministers held that the construction of the mausoleum in the urban area of Yong'an County required the relocation of thousands of households. The amount of work was too large and the time was short. I'm afraid it can't be finished on time, so I decided to build Xiaoyi Castle (today's burial site). After the yongzhaoling mausoleum was built, some people said that it was not a auspicious place, because "the place name of he'eryuan is not a good omen". Sure enough, in less than three years, zhao shu, his successor to song Yingzong, was driven by Yan and answered the prophecy of he'er.

Yongzhao mausoleum was built in accordance with the scale of Yongding mausoleum. In addition to the government's official appropriation, it also appropriated 1.5 million Guan from the internal Treasury (the so-called financial "surplus treasury"), 2.5 million pieces of silk and 500000 liang of silver as subsidies for the camp mausoleum. There were 46700 soldiers, civil servants, craftsmen, and miscellaneous workers used to repair the mausoleum every day. The project started in March and was not completed until October. Zhao Zhen's hearse left Tokyo on October 6 and was buried on October 17 under the temple name of "Renzong". A total of 46700 soldiers were mobilized to build the mausoleum. The construction period was seven months. It consumed 500000 liang of silver, 1.5 million yuan of money and 2.5 million pieces of silk. It is a large-scale and magnificent building. Although it has experienced thousands of years of wind and rain and suffered from war, it still has the grand momentum of the Royal Cemetery (the original buildings on the ground are modern except for stone carvings).

Brief introduction to the owner of the tomb

Zhao Zhen had the longest reign among the Nine Emperors in the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, the Northern Song Dynasty had shown a declining trend. Several wars with Liao and Xia were defeated. Song Dynasty had to increase the amount of gold, silver, silk and silk given to Liao and Xia every year in exchange for temporary stability on the border. However, various social contradictions have become increasingly acute. Therefore, Zhu Xi, a great philosopher of Southern Song Dynasty, said in commenting on the national situation of song Renzong when he was in power: "the national situation was slow and weak, and many things were ignored.". However, Zhao Zhen's personality was highly praised by ancient historians and politicians, who praised him for his generous temperament, not extravagance, and his ability to restrain himself. Shizai, one day he was working late at night, tired and hungry. He wanted a bowl of hot mutton soup, but he endured hunger and didn't ask for it from the kitchen. The next day, when the queen knew this, she advised him: "Your Majesty works hard day and night. You must take good care of yourself. If you want to eat mutton, you can tell the imperial chef at any time. How can you suffer from hunger and make your majesty suffer losses?" However, Zhao Zhen replied, "if you ask for anything in the palace, it will be regarded as a routine outside. If I ordered mutton last night, it would be slaughtered every night after I cooked it. In a year, there would be hundreds of them. If it became a rule, the number of slaughters would be even more incalculable in the future. I can't bear to eat a bowl of mutton for me to create such a bad example and hurt the animals. So I'm willing to suffer for a while. On another occasion, he wanted to add an official title to the uncle of Zhang's concubine in the court, but Bao Zheng, the censor Zhongcheng, resolutely disagreed. Bao Zheng's passionate statement made a direct complaint against Yan, and his saliva splashed on Zhao Zhen's face. While wiping his face with his sleeve, Zhao Zhen accepted his suggestion, but he did not blame this selfless man. The above two examples show that the emperor really has a great measure and the heart of others. In feudal times, it was very rare. Therefore, in the past, historians praised him as a "sage master".

Zhao Zhen is very fat. He only wears very thin clothes all year round. He usually wears few shoes and socks in the palace. He is often barefoot. He is often ill. One year, he suffered from lumbago and was bedridden for a long time; another year, he was in a coma and was as sleepy as a man and unable to speak. Thanks to an acupuncturist, he was able to recover his language ability by inserting a needle into the back of his brain. In 1054-1056, he fell ill again. Suddenly, he froth and fainted from his seat. The attendants quickly put their fingers into his mouth and pulled out the phlegm. However, there was a language barrier and it was difficult to speak. Since then, even when the DPRK met with the ministers, it said "Gong Hei Bu Yu". When the minister reported the matter to him, he also "agreed immediately, but not shook his head" and said nothing more. In February of 1063, vertigo broke out again. Although the doctor treated it carefully, it could not be cured.

Chinese PinYin : Yong Zhao Ling