Mount Heng

Mount Heng

Hengshan has two concepts: narrow sense and broad sense. Hengshan in a narrow sense is the so-called "Beiyue Hengshan", also known as "taihengshan". In ancient times, it was called Xuanwu mountain, Gushan Mountain, Gaoshi mountain, xuanyue mountain and so on. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, it was identified as the "Five Mountains" of the northern Hengshan. Located 10 kilometers south of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province, tianfengling, the main peak, is 2016.8 meters above sea level

It is known as "the North pillar of man and heaven" and "the famous fortress mountain". Hengshan Mountain, or Hengshan mountain range in a broad sense, is the general name of a series of peaks between Sanggan River and Hutuo River in the southeast of Datong City in Shanxi Province and the south of Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province. It extends from southwest to northeast. It is about 300 km long from east to west and 80 km wide from north to south. The highest peak is Mantou mountain at the border of Daixian and Yingxian County, with an altitude of 2426 meters.

Hengshan mountain lies between the northern plateau of Shanxi Province and the central plain of Hebei Province. Because of its steep natural mountains and geographical location, it has become a must for military strategists. Daomaguan, Zijingguan, Pingxingguan, Yanmenguan and ningwuguan in the valley between mountains are dangerous. They are the throat of the northern plateau leading to Taiyuan Basin and Jizhong plain. Many emperors and famous generals fought here, and many ancient battlefield relics such as ancient passes, castles and beacon towers have been preserved.

Since the Ming Dynasty, it was listed as Beiyue. In the early Qing Dynasty, the national sacrifice of Beiyue gradually moved from Quyang, Hebei Province to Hengshan, Hunyuan. The culture of the five mountains was integrated into Hengshan culture. Hengshan Taoism began in the Western Han Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Wei Dynasty, becoming the mainstream holy land of Quanzhen school.

Hengshan Mountain is also the rich area of mineral resources in Shanxi Province. It is the main production area of coal and iron in the northeast of Shanxi Province.

Location context

In a broad sense, Hengshan Mountain, or Hengshan mountain range, extends from southwest to northeast in the southeast of Datong City, Shanxi Province and the south of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. The highest peak is Mantou mountain at the border of Daixian and Yingxian, with an altitude of 2426 meters. Hengshan Mountain in a narrow sense is located in the middle of Hengshan mountain range, 10 kilometers south of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province. The main peak, tianfengling, is in the south of Hunyuan County, with an altitude of 2016.8 meters.

The main vein of Hengshan is located in the south of Sanggan River, between the valley in the upper reaches of Hutuo River and Lingqiu basin. It extends in northeast direction and eastward into Hebei Province, which is the boundary between Datong Basin and Xinding basin. The southwest is connected with Yunzhong mountain of Luliang Mountain range, and the west is separated by Huihe River and Guancen mountain. Hengshan in Shanxi Province, stretching about 200 kilometers. Another branch extends to the north of Hun River, with Liuleng mountain as the highest, 2375 meters above sea level. LIULENGSHAN extends northeast to Hebei Province and is divided into two branches. The North Branch connects LIULENGSHAN, which is between Yangyuan County and Yu County, and is called XIONGERSHAN. The South Branch is located in the south of Yuxian County, which is called Nanshan of Yuxian County and connected with Xiaowutai Mountain in the East. Hebei Province extends nearly 100 kilometers (measured on the map). Therefore, the Hengshan Mountains are nearly 300 kilometers long from east to west.

It is said that 150 kilometers.

It is also said that Hengshan is 250 kilometers long in the West.

Hengshan Mountain in a narrow sense, the main peak area of Hengshan Mountain, is located in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province, with an area of 147.51 square kilometers. Its geographical coordinates are between 39 ° 23 ′ n to 39 ° 44 ′ N and 113 ° 36 ′ e to 113 ° 57 ′ E.

Main peaks

According to the distribution of mountain peaks, the Hengshan mountain system can be roughly divided into three parts: main vein, North Branch and South extension branch. The main vein is mainly in Shanxi Province, between Hunhe River and Hutuo River, the tributaries of Sanggan River, facing Wutai Mountain system across Hutuo River. The North Branch is located between Sanggan River and Hunhe River, a tributary of Sanggan River. The southern branch extends from the north of Lingqiu County to the northeast to the south of Yuxian County, Hebei Province. In the southeast of Hengshan Mountain, Wutai Mountain is juxtaposed. It is also reasonable to classify them as the South Branch of Hengshan Mountain according to some data, but modern geography lists them as the same level of mountains.

Main peak area

The main peak area of Hengshan Mountain is Hengshan Mountain in a narrow sense, which is called "Beiyue Hengshan Mountain". It is mainly composed of two peaks opposite to tianfengling mountain and Cuiping mountain. Moyukou, on the west side of the main peak, stands on the West Cliff, with a stream flowing in the middle. Huanglong gorge is a dangerous mountain. In ancient times, it was the only place for Datong Basin to pass from daomaguan and Zijingguan to Hebei plain.

Tianfengling, the main peak, is known as the "North pillar of man and heaven" and the "forbidden mountain". With its towering peaks and majestic momentum, it is known as the leader of all mountains in northern China.

Tianfengling, the main peak of Hengshan Mountain, is 2017 meters above sea level, 4 kilometers south of Hunyuan county. It is one of the five famous mountains in China. On the hillside to the south of the main peak, there is Beiyue temple, which is the place of sacrifice for emperors and subjects of all dynasties. There are also famous "Hengshan 18 sceneries" such as "xuangensong", "qinqitai", "sunset", "guolaoling", "Buyun road", "hutuizhou", "qianlongquan", "huixianfu" and "Baiyun cave". The place is dangerous, the mountain is strong, the scenery is beautiful, the landscape is wonderful, the people are happy, the ancient and modern visitors are in an endless stream.

Cuiping mountain, located in the west of the main peak of Hengshan Mountain, is 4 kilometers away from Hunyuan City, with an area of 2 square kilometers and an altitude of 1648 meters. It stands in the south of Hun River. The grass on the mountain is as green as grass. The mountain is like a knife cutting open the gate of heaven. It looks like Cuiping, so it is called Cuiping mountain. On the east side of the mountain, there is the national key cultural relics protection unit "Xuankong Temple", on the south side of the mountain, there is "Luohan cave" (which has been submerged by Hengshan Reservoir), on the north side of the mountain, there is "Sanqing hall", and in ancient times there is "Shi Mingxing". It is said that Liu Zhen, the number one scholar of the Jin Dynasty, and Su Baoheng, the right prime minister, studied and practiced martial arts here. "Shuijingzhu" says that Cuiping mountain "has a stone inscription on the mountain, engraved with four characters of the northern boundary of Jizhou".

Main pulse

The main vein is located in Shuozhou City in the west, at the junction of Shanyin county and Daixian County Yingxian County, at the junction of Lingqiu County and Guangling County in the south of Hunyuan County, and at the junction of Shanxi and Hebei in the East. To the west of Daixian County, it is generally called Yanmen mountain (formerly called Gouzhu mountain), and to the east of Shanyin County, it is generally called Cuiwei mountain. In Shanxi Province, the main peaks with an altitude of more than 2400 meters are: Shiren Mountain (2249 meters, at the junction of Hunyuan and Lingqiu), mimazongliang (2173 meters), Longshan (2267 meters, all in Hunyuan), woyangchang (2233 meters, at the junction of Hunyuan and Yingxian), paomaliang (2265 meters, in Yingxian), Guandi Miaoliang (2123 meters), yingjialiang (2155 meters, at the junction of Yingxian and Fanshi) Boundary), caozishan (2396 meters, Daixian territory).

Longshan, located 15 kilometers southeast of Jingzhuang village, looks like a dragon with an altitude of 2226.8 meters. Also known as fenglongshan, there was Longshan Temple in ancient times. There is Manjusri rock on the mountain and Hemerocallis slope on the top of the mountain. It looks like a rainbow after rain in summer. In the northeast, there is Yuquan mountain in Wuli, and Huiling mountain in the northeast of the mountain, which is also called Xiuli mountain. There is a black dragon pool at the foot of the mountain. The clouds are rising. It will rain in three days. In the east of the pool, there is Wufeng mountain, on which there is Sanyang cave, occupying dozens of Li. "Longdui" in shuijingzhu refers to Longshan. There are four caves on the mountain, and the wind comes out at four o'clock. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Li Zhi, Yuan Haowen and Zhang Dehui visited Longshan together, known as the "three elders of Longshan". There are poems written by Liu Jingshu and Ma Beizhi.

Shenxi mountain, also known as Fenghuang mountain, is located in the north of Shenxi village, Xiahan village. It is 4km away from the county seat and 1160m above sea level. It covers an area of about 1km. Shenxi water originates from the foot of the mountain. There is a lot of clay on the mountain, which is the raw material for painting houses. According to the annals of Hunyuan prefecture (Qianlong version of the Qing Dynasty), sun Cong, the Ming Dynasty's governor, built Fengshan Academy at the foot of Fenghuang mountain, and repaired Fengming Pavilion, Cuiwei building, deyuexuan, qiuxiangpu, library kiln, guqin cave, Yiqi platform, gouyuji, bishuidou, caiyunyan, JinYuTang and Ruilian pool. It's called the most beautiful place. These precious ancient buildings have disappeared due to disrepair. There is a "Lulu Temple" at the foot of the mountain, which is still alive. In the old society, a temple fair of incense was held here on the first day of the fifth lunar month. Although bad habits are banned, there are still plenty of tourists.

Qianfuling, about 25 kilometers south by west of tianfengling, the main peak of Hengshan Mountain, is known as the "little Huangshan" outside the Great Wall. There is a natural rock on the top of Qianfo Mountain, on which is a 7-meter-high imitation wood brick pagoda, engraved with the four words "Qianfo pagoda". There are three caves in the south of the rock under the tower, which is called "Thousand Buddha cave", so it is named. Bifeng temple was built in the northwest of Qianfo cave.

It is located between Shizui, shaliang and baiqianggou villages in Huanghuatan township. It is 10 Li long from north to South and 5 Li wide from east to west, with an altitude of 2173.4 meters. It is said that in ancient times there was a general village with many horses.

Yindongliang, located in the east of xinigou village, Qingciyao Township, is 2 km long from north to South and 1 km wide from east to west, with an altitude of 2050 meters. There are silver ores on the mountain, which are suitable for forestry. At present, there are 1000 mu young forests.

There are two places in dajianshan, one is located between xiaohuapigou, xiachaishugou, xiaochuanling and xinigou villages in Qingciyao township. The main peak is in the northwest of yinbeigou village, with an altitude of 2047 meters. There are many birch trees on the mountain. The other mountain, located in the southeast of Jingzhuang village, Jingzhuang Township, is also called dajianshan. Because the top of the mountain is in a tip shape, it is named after dajianshan, with an altitude of 1892.8 meters.

Sunbin village is located in the south of longzui village, 35 kilometers away from the county seat, with an area of 1000 square meters and an altitude of 1805 meters. It is said that during the Warring States period, Sun Bin once built a stronghold here, so it is called Sun Bin stronghold. There is a thousand Buddha cave in the south of the foot of the mountain, which is made of stone. There is pangjuan village in the West.

Qiangfeng ridge is located in the north of Xiangyang Village, zhongzhuangpu Township, 25 kilometers away from the county seat. Its main peak is 1653 meters above sea level and covers an area of 3000 square meters. It is the watershed between Hun River and Tang River. Hun River flows northward and Tang River flows southward.

Daliang caomaoshan, near yinniugou village, shagetuo Town, covers an area of 5 li

Chinese PinYin : Heng Shan