Mata Lake

Mata lake, located in Qifeng Town, northeast of Huantai County, Zibo City, Shandong Province, is a typical inland shallow lake wetland in northern China, with a total area of 96 square kilometers, more than 2100 rivers, 20000 mu reed fields and 4000 mu lotus fields. Surrounded by clear water and crisscross fields, it is known as the "water town of northern China".

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Mata Lake

Mata lake is located in the northeast of Huantai County in Shandong Province, on the South Bank of Xiaoqing River, at the junction of Huantai County and Boxing County. It is located in the overlapping depression of flood alluvial plain and yellow flood alluvial plain at the north foot of Taiyi mountain. Taking Jingjia Xiazhuang highway (commonly known as famine ridge) as the boundary, Jinqiu lake is in the south of the road and Mata lake is in the north of the road. Because the two lakes are connected and integrated, they are collectively called Mata lake.

The water source of the lake area is composed of Wuhe River, Xiaofu River, dongzhulong River, xizhulong River and Xinghua river. In 1719 (the 58th year of Kangxi reign), an east-west preparatory river was artificially excavated in the center of the lake area to discharge the lake water. After the liberation, water sources were reduced, and water from Xiaoqinghe River was diverted to the lake, Mengshan reservoir and Taihe Reservoir were diverted to the lake, and Yellow River was diverted to clear water and replenish water sources. The water of the lake is discharged through the preparatory river.

Mata lake, known as the "northern Jiangnan, land of fish and rice" reputation. It is rich in reed, cattail and reed and cattail products, which are sold well in Dongying, Weifang, Yantai, Jinan, Beizhen and other counties and cities. There are also "lotus root mixed with sugar", "spicy black fish fillet", "Pu white eel soup", "fried crucian carp with scales", "Golden Duck Egg" and other famous foods, as well as 18 places of interest such as Wuxian temple and lulianjing, which create conditions for tourism development. In the spring and Autumn period, Qi Jinggong, Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms, Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty, Yu Qin of the Yuan Dynasty and other officials visited here. It is one of the key natural scenery reserves in Shandong Province.

Mata lake has won many honorary titles such as provincial scenic spot, National Wetland Park, national agricultural tourism demonstration site, national AAA scenic spot and National Water Conservancy Scenic spot. It has become a well-known tourist attraction in Shandong Province and even in China, attracting many tourists from inside and outside the province.

Location context

Mata lake is located in the northeast of Huantai County in Shandong Province, on the South Bank of Xiaoqing River, at the junction of Huantai County and Boxing County. It is located in the overlapping depression of flood alluvial plain and yellow flood alluvial plain at the north foot of Taiyi mountain. Taking Jingjia Xiazhuang highway (commonly known as famine ridge) as the boundary, Jinqiu lake is in the south of the road and Mata lake is in the north of the road. Because the two lakes are connected and integrated, they are collectively called Mata lake. The terrain is trough shaped, with east-west strip distribution, gently dipping from southwest to northeast. The southwest is about 9 meters above sea level, the northeast is below 7 meters, the lake bottom is 5.7-6.8 meters, and the ground slope is 1 / 2500-1 / 3500. There are 7 natural villages in Fengzhen, 18 natural villages in Jingjia, 13 natural villages in Tianzhuang and 6 natural villages in Xingxiang. The whole lake area is 13.5 km long from north to South and 16.5 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 124.255 square kilometers (including 81.1725 square kilometers of Jinqiu lake and 43.0825 square kilometers of Mata Lake), accounting for 24.38% of the total area of the county.

Before 1930, it was a natural lake with the same color of water and sky. In the 1960s, it was changed into a lake with 5000 channels and 127 ponds. The waterway is about 2.5m wide and 5m deep. From April to may, the average water depth is less than 1 meter. From July to October, the average water depth is 1.5 meters, and the deepest is 2.5 meters. The normal water capacity of the lake area is 30 million cubic meters.

Main tributaries

Wuhe river is also called dry water, black water and Wulong water. It is named after the dark color of Zishui. Originated in the south of aihuai village, Linzi District, it is a river formed by Quaternary pore water flowing northward, intercepted by coal measures and east-west faults and overflowing the surface. From the west of liutianwu village in Linzi District, it flows from east to west, turns due north to the west of Yangqiao village, passes through Suo Town, gengqiao town and Qifeng Town, and then flows into beixiazhuang River to meet Mata lake. It is 24.5 km long and has a drainage area of 1165 square kilometers. The flood discharge capacity is 63 m3 / s in the south of yujiamo bridge and 100 m3 / s in the section from the north to Lijiahe river. At the end of 1960s, the water depth was 0.7-1.5 m in the normal season, the general flow was 2.6 m3 / s, and the flow rate was 0.3-0.5 M / S; in the flood season, the general water depth was 3-3.5 m, the maximum flow was 60-80 m3 / s, and the flow rate was 0.7-1.2 m / S; the fluctuation of river water was slow, and the fluctuation was about 0.4 m per hour. The clear water is sweet and contains black sediment. Wuhe river is a famous scenic spot of "Yuntao historic site".

From 1891 to 1965, Wuhe River experienced three extraordinary flood peaks, the most serious of which was in 1898. In one night, 18 water mills and nearly 100 houses were destroyed. In the 1970s, the source was cut off and the Wuhe river dried up.

Xiaofu River, known as Yuanshui in ancient times, also known as Longshui, originates from Lingquan of Yan Wenjiang temple in Boshan District and flows from north to south. During the reign of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, the River entered Xiaoqing River in the north of Chahe village. In 1693 (the 32nd year of Emperor Kangxi's reign), he changed his way to the east of shengjiazhuang, Zouping County, and entered xizhulong River in the south of Liren village after passing through Xixin. In 1771 (the 36th year of Qianlong's reign), it was transferred from Shunhe village to the East, where it joined xizhulong River in the south of Chenqiao village. In the early years of the Republic of China, they entered the country from the north of dongzai village, and through Chenzhuang, they flowed into xizhulong River in the northwest of Fuqiao village and converged into the two tributaries of Xiaofu River; they also flowed into Mata Lake through Gaowang, Jingjia village and Yijia village. It is 25.7 km long, with a drainage area of 1214 km2 and a flood discharge capacity of 50-60 m3 / s. It freezes in early December and thaws in mid February of the next year. At the end of the 1960s, the water depth was 0.5-1 m, the flow rate was 0.5-3 m3 / s, and the flow rate was 0.8 m / s in the normal period; the water depth was 2-3.5 m, the maximum flow rate was 70 m3 / s, and the flow rate was 2-3 M / s in the flood period. When mountain torrents break out in the flood season, they flow from south to North from Boshan at the speed of 2-3 meters per second. Within 24 hours, the water head flows into the territory. The water rises rapidly, rising about 1 meter per hour, and falls slowly, falling only 0.3 meter per hour. The river rose to 3.5 meters and the flow increased to 70 cubic meters per second, which meant flooding. From 1545 to 1964, there were 10 extraordinary flood peaks, the most serious of which was from August 10 to 25, 1948. The river burst 13 times, and 158000 mu of grain fields in Chahe, Tianzhuang and Binhu were flooded. The yield was reduced by 50%, of which 45.5% was out of production. There is no terrace in the lakeside area, and the indoor water depth is more than knee deep. At the end of 1960s, Yuanjie river dried up. Only the lower reaches of the two tributaries of Xiaofu River are connected with the main channel of Qingji lake, which has water all the year round.

Dongzhulong River, known as zhenghuanggou in ancient times, originates from Fengshui south of Zhangdian District and flows from ZHUJIAZHUANG north to south. Through Guoli, Tangshan, Xingjia three townships (towns), through the Yuejin River into the Xiaoqing River. It is 23.7 km long with a drainage area of 878.3 km2 and a flood discharge capacity of 25-30 m3 / s. The average flow rate is 2-3 m3 / s in the normal season, and the maximum flow rate is 25 m3 / s in the flood season, and the flow rate is 0.5-0.7 M / s. Since 1966, it has become the main drainage channel in Zibo industrial and mining area, with annual discharge of 1-1.5 m3 / s and daily transit water volume of 78800 m3.

Xizhulong River, originally a tributary of zhenghuanggou, flows from north to south, starting from Sancha Bay of Xincheng in the South and flowing into the second tributary of Xiaofu River in the northwest of Fuqiao village in the north. It is 8.42 km long with a drainage area of 252 square kilometers and a maximum flow of 80 m3 / s. In 1985, the Xiaofu river of Mengshan reservoir was diverted into Mata lake.

Xinghua River, originated from Yazhuang Lake in Zouping County, passes through the bottom of Shengli River from the north of Xixin village, and flows eastward along the old road of Shengli River and into Xiaoqing River in the northwest of Wuzhuang village in Maqiao township. It is 6.33 km long and covers an area of 960 square kilometers. The designed drainage level is 9.4m below the culvert and 8.66m into Xiaoqing River. The flood control water level of jinjiazha is 11 meters, and the maximum flow is 147 cubic meters per second. It flows into Mata Lake through Qingji Hubei Main Canal.

Lake area management

Flood control

Before liberation, the rivers were narrow and curved, the dykes were incomplete, the water conservancy facilities were deficient, the ability of flood control was low, and the flood was frequent, which extended to the early days of the people's Republic of China. Every year, thousands of mu or even tens of thousands of mu of land suffered from water disasters. After liberation, the county Party committee and the county government mobilized the masses to comprehensively control the waterlogged areas in the county, basically eradicating the waterlogging disaster.

In 1976, lake and depression management began. In the winter of this year, 800 mu of low-lying land was reconstructed in yuanwenwa of Jinqiu lake. In October of the next year, QingSha lake depression was transformed. We organized 7000 migrant workers, invested 154600 workers, excavated 320000 cubic meters of soil, widened and deepened the East and West Main gullies in the lake area, renovated 1L South and North Main gullies, and transformed 5000 mu of lake depression into 27 square fields. In the autumn of 1978, the renovation project of Mata lake was in full swing. 25000 migrant workers from Tianzhuang, Xingjia, Jingjia and Qifeng communes filled 5929 old ditches and dug 260 new ones. 5834 small terraces were transformed into 437 large terraces. Nearly 30000 mu of Lake depressions were cut into checkerboard like lake areas and 2551 mu of cultivated land was expanded. By the early 1980s, 250000 mu of waterlogging prone farmland in the county had initially got rid of the flood disaster. Ensure the harvest in drought and flood

Chinese PinYin : Ma Ta Hu