Lu Tusi Yamen

Lu Tusi Yamen

Located 65 kilometers southwest of Yongdeng County in Lanzhou City, Liancheng Lu Tusi yamen is a relatively complete palace style ancient building complex among many Tusi buildings along the border of Gansu and Qinghai. It is composed of three parts: Lu Tusi yamen, Miaoyin temple and Tusi garden.

brief introduction

Since the Ming Dynasty, Liancheng has become the center of Lu Tusi's political power and an important town in the transition zone between Gansu and Qinghai in Northwest China. With Liancheng as the center, Lu chieftain covers many counties in Gansu and Qinghai, covering an area of 9000 square kilometers. The chieftains of the past dynasties worked hard to manage this area, made great contributions to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and made certain contributions to the stability and national unity of the northwest border.

The Tusi yamen of Shandong Province is located in the north facing south with beautiful natural environment. The layout of the main building is symmetrical and rigorous. There are ancestral hall, shentangyuan, yanxitang, lobby, Yimen, liumen, archway, gallery and auxiliary building. On both sides of the East and West are the study yard, dormitory, warehouse yard, family temple and primary school. Throughout the panorama, Lou Junting is clear and has a strong national style.

history

Chieftain is a hereditary official position granted to minority leaders in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Lu chieftain was one of the most influential chieftains in Gansu and Qinghai provinces during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Tuohuan, the ancestor of Lu chieftain in Liancheng, is the descendant of Genghis Khan, the grand nephew of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of Yuan Dynasty. He was granted the title of King anding and the official business of Pingzhang. In 1368, when Zhu Yuanzhang's army attacked Dadu (Beijing), Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty fled. Tuohuan was not able to follow him and was exiled in Hexi. In 1370, tuohuan came down to Ming Dynasty, He was placed in Liancheng and became a chieftain of the first generation. Because his wife, Ma Shi, was only able to capture the Daguan, he ruled Liancheng and built seven buildings. In the 21st year of Yongle, the chieftain named Lu Xian was given the surname of Lu by Emperor Yongle because of his great achievements in war.

The chieftain of Lu went through the Ming, Qing and Republic of China. From 1370 to 1932, he became a chieftain. There were 21 chieftains in the 19th century. The chieftains in the past dynasties had a prominent position and a high rank. Many chieftains were promoted to be important generals stationed in the northwest because of their military achievements.

Lu Tusi is a Mongolian nationality who believes in Tibetan Buddhism. He is a powerful local special regime in Northwest China, which integrates military, judicial and religious affairs. He has the power of life and death, and has more than 1000 local troops. The chieftain of Liancheng Lu ruled Yongdeng and its surrounding areas for more than 560 years, which had an important impact on the local politics, culture and religious belief.

Little Forbidden City

The former site of Lu Tusi yamen, located on the Bank of Datong River, is the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was first built in 1378, the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. In 1818, the 15th emperor Lu Jixun made large-scale construction. The existing buildings are built in the French style by the Ministry of construction, all of which are brick, wood and stone structures.

The former yamen site consists of yamen, Miaoyin temple and Guanyuan, covering an area of 33000 square meters and a building area of 7755 square meters. The whole yamen is close to mountains and rivers and faces south. It enters several courtyards on the central axis. By using the geographical foundation, the buildings are raised in turn. As a result, several courtyards are connected in a straight line and the courtyards are connected. The higher you go, the higher you go. It sets off the tall, majestic and majestic power of the Yamen. It has the spirit of a marquis and is known as the "little Forbidden City". There are three huge walnut trees planted in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and there are also exotic trees and flowers. There are eight Ming Dynasty stone statues from shangxiangtang cemetery of Lu chieftain. They are vivid and precious. With elegant environment, luxuriant trees and chirping birds, it is a place for leisure and entertainment of Tusi in the past dynasties.

To the west of Yamen is Miaoyin temple, which is a typical Tibetan Buddhist temple. These buildings not only have exquisite Dou Gong, carving and painting, but also have Buddhist murals in the early Ming Dynasty, which have high artistic value.

cultural heritage

Thanksgiving Temple

Thanksgiving temple, located in Yong'an village, Hongcheng Town, is also a national key cultural relic protection unit. It was built in the fifth year of Hongzhi (1492 AD) and completed in the eighth year of Hongzhi. It was built by Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty in honor of the chieftain of Liancheng Lu who had been guarding the northwest border for a long time. It was built under the leadership of the fifth chieftain Lu Lin.

The temple faces south, with a construction area of 400 square meters. The main building is on a central axis, including Mountain Gate, stele Pavilion, Lishi hall, Tianwang hall, Dharma protection hall, Bodhisattva hall and Daxiong hall. The structure is rigorous, powerful, and the Han Tibetan culture is integrated, with strong national characteristics. The stele in the pavilion is 4.2 meters high, with Chinese on the front and Tibetan on the back. It is well preserved and is a treasure of the temple. According to Xie Jisheng, a professor at Capital Normal University, the stele is the only witness of Sino Tibetan cultural exchange in Northwest China with exact chronological records, two kinds of written records and the longest preservation period. There are also precious buddhist frescoes, statues, Tibetan scriptures, bronze statues, handed down cultural relics and rare hanging sculptures of journey to the West in the main hall.

XIANJIAO Temple

The Xianjiao temple, which was built by Lu Tusi Fengchi and separated from the first street of Lu Tusi yamen, is a typical relic of the early Tibetan Buddhism temple in Hexi area. Now there is only one hall built in the Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty. It not only retains the architectural style of song and Yuan Dynasties, but also opens up the architectural style of Qing Dynasty. It is one of the important remains to study the temple architecture and the history of Tibetan Buddhism in Gansu and Qinghai areas, and has been incorporated into Lu Tusi Yamen The former site became a national security unit.

Hyde monastery

Located in Yongdeng County, Haide temple was built by Ming Chengzu in 1419 for the third chieftain Shijia. Shijia's outstanding achievements in war not only helped him build the temple, but also gave him the surname Lu. Although the temple now has one main hall, it has preserved the typical architectural style of the early Ming Dynasty. It is now a provincial cultural relic protection unit.

Lei Tan

Lu Tusi not only built a large number of Tibetan Buddhist temples, but also presided over the construction of Taoist thunder altar. Leitan, located in the northwest of Lu Tusi yamen, was built by Lu Jing and Lu Dong, the sixth Tusi. It was built in the 34th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1540). The original building and the garden in the courtyard are combined into a word of Lei. The layout is unique. It is built to worship the God of the thunder Department of Taoist Longmen school. The existing Pavilion and hall are exquisitely constructed. It is a rare Taoist architectural sketch in Northwest China The exquisite murals and statues of Taoism in Ming Dynasty are very precious. They are now incorporated into the former site of Lu Tusi Yamen and become the national security unit.

Precious cultural relics

Lu Tusi also left a large family tomb in Liancheng area, which buried precious cultural relics. At the same time, Lu Tusi also left a large number of handed down cultural relics, genealogies, literature, magic legends, which greatly enriched the Yongdeng culture. Among them, the Lu chieftain's family cultural relics collected by Yongdeng County Museum are more exquisite, and there are many national treasures.

It is said that the Dragon Robe and tuanhua Fushou robe given by Emperor Jiaqing to the 15th chieftain Lu Jixun and the two Qing Dynasty lacquered lacquer plates handed down by the chieftain Lu family are national first-class cultural relics. There are also a large number of bronze Buddha statues and Thangka found in these temples in the early Ming Dynasty, which are rare Buddhist relics.

Yongdeng County Museum also has a large collection of gold, silver, copper, jade, porcelain, calligraphy and painting, genealogy, costumes and household utensils handed down by Lu chieftains. These precious cultural relics have witnessed the glory of Lu Tusi and the splendid culture of Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Buddhist Classics

tripitaka

There are 603 letters and 4895 volumes of Dazangjing built by the sixth chieftain for Thanksgiving temple. According to the order of thousand characters, it was printed by jiangjialou of jubaomen in the early Ming Dynasty. One of them is an engraving from Yichou to April of the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1290 A.D.). These scriptures are highly engraved, with dignified font and fine binding. The Buddhist paintings on the title page are magnificent, slim lines and figures It's very vivid. This large number of sutras is a very precious Buddhist classics.

Buddhist art

In August 2008, experts from Capital Normal University and the Palace Museum jointly inspected the Buddhist temples and cultural relics left by Lu Tusi in Yongdeng, and made great achievements. A large number of cultural relics with complete and accurate chronological records show the integration of the eastward spread of Tibetan Buddhism and the westward spread of Han culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which provides evidence for the study of Sino Tibetan cultural exchange in the Ming Dynasty. In particular, a large number of Mandala patterns left in the old site, murals painted in the Ming Dynasty and murals between the arch eyes have expanded the scope of domestic research on the structure of Tibetan Buddhism.

The more than 100 designs of Mandala found by experts in these monasteries provide rich and precious information for the study of Tibetan Buddhism. Meanwhile, the expert team found a mural of six paths reincarnation in the second general Hall of hengha in gratitude Temple of Hongcheng, which was painted according to the Beijing engraving of King bandanzhashi Dazhi in Ming Dynasty. It is the first out of print Beijing engraving Buddhist story map found in China. The expert group believes that these precious cultural relics not only expand the research field of Tibetan Buddhism, but also strongly prove the effective management and attention of the central government to the border areas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is of great significance. Experts said that in this sense, the study of the Ming Dynasty Han Tibetan culture Yongdeng is the most representative.

Transportation and Tourism

traffic

Take a bus from Lanzhou bus station to Liancheng Town, Yongdeng County.

Nearby attractions

Jiada temple, Xianjiao temple, Dongda temple, Shiping mountain, tulugou

delicious food

Sweet fermented grains are steamed wheat starter

Chinese PinYin : Lu Tu Si Ya Men