Gaojiapu ancient city

Gaojiapu ancient city

Gaojiapu ancient city is located on the East Bank of Tuwei River, 50 km southwest of Shenmu county, Shaanxi Province, and about 5 km northwest of the Ming Great Wall.

It was originally a rammed earth city. It was built with bricks in the 36th year of Wanli. It was rebuilt twice in the 15th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty and in the 33rd year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. The plan of the city is rectangular, the southeast wall is 311 meters long, the north and south walls are 431 meters long, the residual height is 6.5-9.1 meters, and the base width is 7.52 meters. The upper part of the city wall is built with a 1-meter-high parapet with crenels and lookout holes. There are three official buildings in beichengtou and Kuixing building in southeast corner. Another East, South, west wall each opened a ticket door, and built a urn.

Traffic information

Self driving: start from Xi'an, take Baotou Maoming Expressway to Yulin, then turn to Yulin Shenmu expressway, turn to shenjiami Expressway at Jinjie interchange, and get off at Gaojiabao toll station.

Bus: take the bus from Shenmu county to huashiya, Liangshuijing or dahetao, and get off at Gaojiapu. The ticket is 21 yuan.

Main attractions

The ancient city of Gaojiabao is rectangular, 400 meters long from east to west and 300 meters long from north to south. There are women's walls on the top of the city wall, crenels and lookout holes between them. There must be a horse face protruding tens of meters away. It is nicknamed "small city, big corner" as the saying goes. In fact, it is purely needed for military defense. There is no gate in the north city. A small city wall is built more than 100 meters away from the city. It runs from east to west. It is more than 1000 meters long and about 3 meters high. It has the function of preventing floods and resisting pirates. There are Town God's Temple in the city, and the county's "Daoguang" is "God is very clever," according to legend, "every generation has its own policemen." It is said that when Kangxi was lucky to visit Gaojiabao, he felt his spirit and was granted the title of "lingyinghou". Therefore, "the city is small, the spirit is big" has become a local talk. Except Kuixing building, women's wall, crenels and lookout hole, the rest are well preserved. Another East, South, west walls are built with urn.

There are Zhongxing building and God of wealth temple in the city. The streets in the city take the central building as the axis, radiate East and West into East and west streets, and radiate north and south into South Street and North Lane. The East, West and South streets are connected with each other. The construction of dwellings in the roadway has the unique architectural style of the ancient city in the north.

Zhongxing building in the city is a key cultural relic protection unit at the county level. It has two floors of double eaves, cross eaves, hilltop cloisters, angle pavilions, two wings extending to the south, coupons, kilns and stone steps. The building consists of Yuhuang Pavilion, Riyue cave, Guanyin hall and Laoye hall. There are four holes on the street, three batches and three arches, with stone inlays. The East book is Zhongxing tower, the center of Nanshu Town, the west book is youlingzhan, and the North book is banjietian. On the north wall of the top floor, there are three characters carved in the Ming Dynasty's calligraphy Yuhuangge, with strong strokes. In the old days, there were a lot of plaques and couplets on the upper floors. All the plaques on the four sides were carved with ancient Chinese characters. There were such huge plaques as "Ziqi comes to the East", "sunset shines to the west", "the north pole is auspicious", "Nanguan Yuxiu" and so on. The East and west walls are inlaid with glass paintings of Erlong Xizhu and Shuangfeng Chaoyang. Taking Zhongxing building as the north-south axis, the north city wall protrudes a square pier, the stone volume of the cave gate is listed as "yingbeichen", and a two-story double eaves Xieshan Sanguan hall is built on the top. On the inner side of the city, there is a white hall; on the east side, there is a temple of God of wealth, with a stage, a side hall and a ticket shed. Inside the south gate, a theater building was built on the stone cave riding street. A Kuixing tower is built in the southeast city pier, with a kiln in the lower part and a pavilion in the upper part. There is a dizang nunnery in dongerdaoxiang, the front nunnery, the back hall, the temple ridge pagoda, and all the hell gods have their own standard. The northeast part of the city is built in Town God's Temple, with three entries in heavy doors, a vestibule and a harem. Clay sculpture, wood carving statues and painted murals are extremely exquisite, and the plaque couplets are particularly rich. Daoguang county annals said that the temple was "extremely responsive to gods. It is said that every time there were border police in the previous generation, the bells and drums in the early days were ringing by themselves.". It is said that when Kangxi was lucky to drive Gaojiabao, he felt his supernatural spirit. He was granted the title of "Lingying Marquis" and the title of "Sanpin Zhengtang" in Jin Dynasty. He was granted the Royal robe, the Yellow sedan chair and the half assistant deacon of honor. Therefore, "the city is small, the spirit is big" has become a local talk. Town God's Temple sets up a theater building and a wooden plaque Workshop on the south facing street, and builds five temples on one side. In the West Street, a god temple was built, with magnificent pavilions and deep and wide courtyards. During the Republic of China, it was changed into a school. A Daxing Temple (commonly known as Ximen Temple) is built at the west gate, which includes Tianwang hall, Weituo Pavilion, Maitreya niche, bell and Drum Tower, Zen hall, zushi hall, Jialan hall, Daxiong hall, etc. The main hall has three doors on its side, a corridor surrounding the mansion, and a white tower of Tibetan FA Xiang Lun on its top. The temple is well-known in the Ming and Qing Dynasties for its strict discipline, numerous monks, good at cultivation and great virtues.

Carved beams, painted beams, cornices, joint calligraphy and painting, simple and elegant, known as "the crown of thirty-six camp fort" and known as the frontier fortress of Yansui town. There are 6 stone archways, 3 wood archways and 2 steles. They are: East Street Town God's Temple wooden square, North and south, four pillars three, the construction is exquisite, the momentum is lofty. East Street wood square, North and South riding street, four pillars and three rooms, Department of Ming Dynasty architecture, ancient Cangzhuo. Kang's chastity stone square at the entrance of dongerdao alley, North and South riding street, four pillars and three rooms, is exquisitely carved. South Street Song's chastity stone square, east-west direction, four pillars and three rooms, good structure and calligraphy. West Street mingshe Yu, Zheng Weixu's wife Yan's chastity stone square, North and South riding street, four pillars and three rooms. West Street god temple stone square, East and West riding road, four pillars and three rooms. Outside the south gate, Maitreya Temple wood square, north-south, four pillars and three rooms. Outside the east gate, the stone square of the master's temple, facing east and West, has four pillars and three rooms. In front of it, there is a pair of stone lions, standing in front of the mountain, with magnificent bearing. Huiyaoshan "Wang Jiacheng" stone square, east-west direction, two pillars hold the top, facing the Yuan Wang River, the structure is steep and long, and the carving is straight and straight. Outside the east gate, there are one large and one small stele, which are respectively "father and son Zhonglie square" and "Tiangong Jieyi square", with the huge steles of "Guanglu doctor" and "Longhu general" on the side, all constructed in the Ming Dynasty.

The town is surrounded by two rivers and four mountains, with beautiful scenery and picturesque scenery. Daoguang county annals are summarized by eight scenic spots, namely, wuhengyun, Youling snow covered, cave wind clear, crag rock smoke light, flat sand falling geese, tail water floating fish, Nandi Chunliu, Xiyu Qiujia. The folk landscapes include thousands of caves and thousands of Buddhas, the great wall hanging in ancient times, Xingwu morning bell, Feixia reduplicated, Xisi Lingyun, Tuwei Guandu, Longquan thirsty drink, pagoda moistening ink, Pingsha falling geese, swan gathering, etc. Others say that the place "has the ancient Great Wall in the north, the Queen's city in the East, yongxingchuan in the south, June scenery in the west, and Xinghua village in the middle".

Historical evolution

According to legend, Gaojiabao city was on zhendongyuan before the Ming Dynasty, which was the seat of michuan County recorded in local records. In 1439, Governor Chen Yi of Shaanxi chose gaojiazhuang in the open land of yongxingchuan at the intersection of Tuwei River and Yongli River to build a castle city, which was famous for its fortress and immigrated to Shibian. At that time, it was under the jurisdiction of Jiazhou. Yu Zijun, governor of Chenghua, Tu zongjun, governor of Wanli, and Zu Dehong, governor of Jiazhou in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, were all repaired. In the 27th year of Qianlong (1762), it was allocated to Shenmu and continued to be built by the magistrate Fang Wannian. The three gates in the southeast and the West are built with urn and arrow towers, respectively, engraved with stone inscriptions of shuoguan, Yongxing and Anlan. The women's wall around the city is straightened, and the crenels are lined up. There must be a horse face protruding tens of meters away. As the saying goes, "the city is small, and the corner is big", it is actually built purely for military defense. There is no gate in the north city. A small city wall is built more than 100 meters away from the city. It runs from east to west. It is more than 1000 meters long and about 3 meters high. It has the function of preventing floods and resisting pirates. In the center of the city, there are Zhongxing building, Qiji street, Shizi street, Qipan lane, stone plagiarized street. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 15 shops and thousands of stores. Quadrangle eaves Ju beast, corridor waist diffuse back. Its construction has a strong style of capital, and it is known as "little Beijing". The famous Siheyuan include Dong Jie Han's courtyard, Dong tou Dao Xiang Men Men's courtyard, Dong Er Dao Xiang Zhang's courtyard, Tong Xin Xiang Zhang's courtyard, Liu's courtyard, Hang's courtyard, Li's courtyard, Bei Xiang Li's courtyard, Xi Jie Han's courtyard, etc. Its architectural pattern is called "Danfeng Liangyi", "Bagua fuluan", "Taiji Liangyi" and so on. The brick, tile, wood and stone carvings are extremely skillful, and their charm is not inferior to today's. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were several official residences, such as the capital Command Office, the general office, the capital division office, the Fuyi warehouse office, and the Yizheng station office. In 2004, Gaojiapu ancient city was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit at the county level, and in 2007 it was upgraded to a key cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level.

Military defense fortress

Lock the border of the Great Wall, enter the Hetao, according to the east of Pinghe, the left and right horns of Yushen, vertical and horizontal pharynx plug Qin, has been an important military town. In the Ming Dynasty, deputy generals were successively appointed to command Tongzhi, Qianshi, Shenjiang and guerrilla garrison. There were more than 1600 soldiers and 1100 horses, mules and camels stationed. At that time, more than 10 guerrilla generals were killed in battle. After the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, the Mongols and the Hans were unified, and the border problems were relieved. So the guerrilla, garrison, and Dusi were set up, and the number of soldiers was reduced to several hundred. During the period of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang was occupied by the whole regiment army, the supplementary training camp and the self defense force. The supporting troops were accompanied by the deputy commander of security in Northern Shaanxi and the deputy commander of urban defense in Yulin. In 1947, Xu Guangda's Department of the people's liberation army besieged the city and fought for three days and two nights to liberate the town. Now there are Ming and Qing Dynasty school field and martial arts hall sites outside the South City, and there are Dusi yamen, fuyicang, Yizheng station sites inside the city. Liu Yuze, the deputy commander of Suibing in the Ming Dynasty, went to the fort to patrol and watch the battle. After the drill, he wrote a poem and praised it highly: "the fighting spirit is high, the tiger and the leopard are amulets, and the enemy in the Han Dynasty is united to sell the foreign prisoners. Today, the emperor's spirit is far away. If you ask Shan Yu near, there is no fortress. " Also said, "carved bow jade sword purple gold dress, she arrow for wear Bai Bu Yang, wear armour can gallop jade horse, Yingfeng envy kill feather Lin Lang".

An important business town

Gaojiapu has been an important business distribution town since ancient times. It is connected to Hetao in the north and Hedong in the south. The goods and materials are abundant and the business is flowing. It is called "dry wharf". The local people develop agriculture and Commerce simultaneously, and grow up

Chinese PinYin : Gao Jia Bao Gu Cheng