Changyangren site

Changyangren site

The site of Changyang people is located 45 kilometers southwest of Changyang Tujia Autonomous County in Hubei Province, China, near Zhongjiawan under zhaojiayan, and on the south slope of guanlao mountain. It is a cave about 1300 meters above sea level.

Since 1956, human maxilla, teeth and coexisting vertebrates have been discovered. The maxilla and teeth of man are more advanced than those of Peking man, but they also have primitive features. Its age is early Late Pleistocene or later, about 100000 years ago, so it is named "Changyang people". It is a Middle Paleolithic human fossil in Central China. It belongs to early Homo sapiens.

The discovery of Changyang people and their fauna provides the comparative data of caves and terraces, solves the problem of the age of the terraces in the Yangtze River, and provides the basis for the stratigraphic division in the south. Changyang human fossils are of great value not only in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology, but also in Quaternary geology.

The site is a provincial cultural relic protection unit. In May 2013, it was approved as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Fossil cave

Located in Zhongjiawan village, Dayan Township, Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, 45 kilometers away from longzhouping county. The discovery of "Changyang people" proves that human activities existed in Changyang in ancient times.

The cave is located in the high mountains, hills and basins, surrounded by undulating mountains, rugged rocks, three or five cottages, sparse forest shade, half hidden in the col, unique taste.

Xianglushi site

Located in the North Bank of Qingjiang River, 0.5 km southeast of Yuxiakou Town, Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, the xianglushi site is an ancient cultural site in the Qingjiang River Basin in the south of the Yangtze River in China during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. It is 97 kilometers away from Changyang County in the East and belongs to the middle reaches of Qingjiang River. The central area of the site is 70 meters long and more than 10 meters wide. It faces the river in the southwest and is about 30 meters vertical to the Qingjiang River. It is close to steep rocks in the southeast and northwest. In the northeast, there is also a huge square stone perpendicular to the river, so it is said to be censer stone. The center of the site lies in a trough between the two rocks. It is a typical riverside Shanzhai site. It has a unique geographical environment and is generally not noticeable. The site was discovered in 1983. They were excavated three times in 1988, 1989 and 1995. Nearly ten thousand historical relics of various periods have been obtained.

From a large number of pottery and Oracle Bones unearthed from the site, it is revealed that it is not only of an earlier age and unique content, but also has a prominent reflection of the early culture of the ancient Ba people in China, and its context can be seen.

Site geography

The area of the site is not large, the center is only 700 square meters, but the cultural layer is thick, and the excavated part is more than 5 meters thick. There are seven layers of natural accumulation. The seventh layer is the earliest, 4090 ± 100 years ago, which is the summer period; the sixth layer is 3520 ± 130 years ago, which is the early Shang period; the fifth layer is the late Shang period; the fourth layer is analyzed according to the combination of pottery and the drilling morphology of oracle bone. The third layer is the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It is the style of Chu culture. At that time, Chu people had entered the hinterland of Ba people in Qingjiang, and soon controlled this area. Waicunli site, only 7.5 km away from xianglushi site, was the base for Chu people to produce tile building materials on a large scale.

Relics of Ba Culture

The relics of Ba culture unearthed from xianglushi site are mainly characterized by round bottom cauldrons and pots. The unearthed stone tools include axes, chisels, arrowheads, spears (double-edged, similar to swords), etc. Pottery includes cauldron, bowl, bean, plate, cup, pot, spinning wheel, net pendant, etc. There are spears, arrowheads, tomahawks, cones, chisels, fishhooks, etc. There are hairpin, shovel, chisel, spoon, spinning wheel and so on. Among the remains of Ba Culture in the Three Gorges area of Eastern Sichuan, the Dagou Zun and vats, which are commonly considered to be influenced by foreign influences, can not be seen in the Xianglu stone site. This proves that the culture of censer stone is not influenced by foreign countries. Divination is particularly popular among the ancestors of xianglushi site. There are a large number of Oracle Bones unearthed, which are of an early age. The materials for making the more eye-catching divination bones are novel and unique. They are mostly made from larger fish gill cap bones, which are different from the divination bones commonly made from the scapula of cattle, sheep and pigs in the past. This is an unprecedented discovery in the history of the discovery of Bu Gu in China.

In November 1995, we excavated the xianglushi site for the third time. The tomb area of the ancestors living in the xianglushi site was found, which is a new remains not found in the previous two excavations. A total of 5 burials of Ba people in the early Shang Dynasty have been cleared up, of which 3 have funerary objects. Large Bu bones, bone daggers, round bottom pottery cauldrons, pots, stone axes, shell coins, etc. have been unearthed.

Burying with bones

The head of a dead man is made from the left scapula of a cow, which is different from the large number of divination bones made from the gill bones of fish excavated in the site in the previous two times. It is a new discovery of the relics of the early Ba people. It is 42 cm in length and is one of the largest discovered in China. The discovery of these divination bones gives us a new understanding of the meaning of "the birth of the wizard comes from the beginning of the emperor" recorded in Shiben.

Bone Dagger

It is made of the limb bones of big animals, with a total length of 26.6 cm. It is buried in the right leg of the dead. It is made of fine materials, skillful materials, beautiful shape, thin leaf wall, large body, and is really a fine product. The two pieces of pottery with dating function in the funerary objects are exactly the same as those unearthed in the early Shang strata of the site. As far as the age is concerned, they also coincide with the age of Bu Gu.

Xianglushi site

Two pottery seals were unearthed, one of which was round and the other was oval, both of which were engraved in the shade. The two seals were unearthed in the strata of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It should be the same age at the latest. Experts studying ancient Chinese characters have expressed their own views. Xia Lu, Professor of Chinese Department of Wuhan University, thinks that the two seals, one is "Cai" and the other is "Sha". The former is similar to some oracle bone inscriptions, while the latter is related to aquatic animals with huge mouths and sharp teeth. Its age should be earlier than that of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is earlier than the bronze seal of Yin Ruins. Chen gongrou, a researcher at the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the two seals were found in the strata of the Western Zhou Dynasty at the early Ba cultural sites, which should be the earlier seals of the Ba people. It may also be a little earlier than the Western Zhou Dynasty. From the perspective of the form of the seal, it should have a relationship with the known "Bashu characters". Zhang zhenghuoliang, a famous historian and archaeologist in China, also believes that the two seals belong to the Ba character system, which is different from the Central Plains character system. Mr. Liu Shaogang of China Institute of cultural relics believes that the two seals unearthed from the Xia and Shang sites in Changyang are the earliest seals found in scientific archaeological excavations. Its discovery reveals the mystery of the origin of ancient seals.

The archaeological data of Qingjiang River Basin show that there are not only the "Changyang people" more than 190000 years ago, the remains of human fire from 90000 to 120000 years ago, the ancient cultural sites from 10000 years ago, the Daxi Culture from 5000 to 6000 years ago, but also the xianglushi site and its burial area of the early Ba culture from 3000 to 4000 years ago. It is proved that the Ba people originated in Qingjiang River Basin in Western Hubei Province. With abundant material materials, it will write a glorious chapter to uncover the mystery of Changyang, an ancient magical land.

Travel Tips

Changyang is a place with beautiful mountains and rivers, surrounded by mountains and water, where people are outstanding~~

There are summer resort and hot spring here in summer.

The most attractive is Danshui rafting.

Danshui River, located on the North Bank of Qingjiang River, is a primary tributary of Qingjiang River Basin. It originates from diemapo of Hejiaping town in our county and flows into Qingjiang River at Jinyangkou, with a total length of about 70 km. The water quality of the river is clear all the year round, sometimes the beach is dangerous and turbulent, sometimes the lake is flat, and the rocks on both sides are steep and there are many strange stones.

Make sure you have a good time here~~

traffic

1. The first day I visited Bawang cave, the second day I climbed Tianzhu Mountain and watched the National Forest Park, the third day I drifted in Danshui River and watched the bonsai of root art.

2. On the first day, I watched the scenery of pangxia, bathed in hot springs and stayed at the mouth of Yuxia.

When you return the next day, you will visit Bawang cave, Wuluo Zhongli mountain, and stay in Changyang County after watching the Qingjiang River.

On the third day, I went back to chengtianzhu mountain after drifting in Danshui.

get accommodation

Hubei Changyang Qingjiang Garden Hotel is a three-star tourist hotel of Yuanlin style. It is the only high star hotel in Changyang County. It is located in the magical "hometown of Ba people", the beautiful bank of Qingjiang River and the center of Changyang County. With convenient transportation, the hotel is an ideal place for Chinese and foreign guests to stay for business meetings, tourism and vacation.

Food of changyangren site

Changyang Qingjiang fish

Qingjiang River originates from the mountain cave spring in Western Hubei and is composed of more than 2000 mountain springs. The vegetation of the whole basin is intact, the scenery is beautiful, the green waves ripple all the year round, and the water is crystal clear. Qingjiang water is characterized by moderate pH, sufficient dissolved oxygen, fresh water, no pollution and pollution. It is identified as natural mineral water by experts and rich in a variety of minerals and trace elements necessary for human body. Qingjiang fish is famous for its special environment, excellent water quality and suitable climate. After the formation of Geheyan reservoir area, the quiet and elegant Qingjiang River water provided unique growth conditions for Qingjiang fish. Good mountain produces good water, good water raises good fish, good fish taste is wonderful, pollution-free, pollution-free, hormone free is the biggest characteristic of Qingjiang fish. The trademark "Qingjiang fish" has been registered with the State Administration for Industry and commerce.

Qingjiang

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Yang Ren Yi Zhi