Huangyuan Gorge

Huangyuan Gorge

Huangyuan, historically known as "dangar", is located on the North Bank of the Yellow River, east of Qinghai Lake and the source of Huangshui River. It is surrounded by Datong mountain, Riyue mountain and Huashi mountain, the branches of Qilian Mountain, with an altitude of 2470 M-4 The Huangshui River runs obliquely through the north of the county from northwest to Southeast, and the largest tributary, Yaoshui River, runs from south to north. The two rivers divide Huangyuan into long and narrow "t" shaped valley basins, forming the "Three Gorges", namely Xishi gorge, Bayan gorge and Yaoshui gorge. The whole gorge is covered with mountains, rocks, rivers and picturesque scenery.

Development history

Since ancient times, it has been an important channel from the mainland to the Western Pastoral Areas to Tibet. It is the fortress on the Tang and Tibetan Ancient Road and the South Silk Road, the junction of the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the agricultural area and the pastoral area, the Han culture and the Tibetan culture. It is also an important place for political, economic and cultural exchanges between the Han and Tibetan Nationalities, known as the "throat of Tibet" and "thoroughfare of Tibet". In the two walls of the gorge, there are stone carvings engraved by celebrities and scholars of past dynasties, such as "the throat of Tibet", "turning a crisis into safety", "thoroughfare of Tibet", "long mountains and rivers", which integrate the culture of history, nationality, humanity and nature. In ancient times, Xishi gorge was called "suirong gorge" (named after the Baishui army suirong City, the largest military facility in the upper reaches of Huangshui River at the mouth of Xixia in the Tang Dynasty). Due to its military importance and special geographical location, the gorge was called the throat of entering Tibet and around the lake in history, and suirong city was also called the throat of Tibet.

Cypress hall is named after the growth of cypress trees. It is surrounded by mountains, mild climate, abundant water resources and fertile land. It grows hundreds of trees, shrubs and many rare plants, such as Rhododendron, seabuckthorn, Salix acuminata and Salix rubra. In addition, it also has strange mountains and rocks carved by nature. In addition, the spring water is clear and birds sing happily. The scenery is just like a picture full of poetry and charm Dynamic landscape painting.

Main attractions

overview

Cypress hall is named after the growth of cypress trees. Surrounded by mountains, mild climate, abundant water and fertile land, it not only grows hundreds of trees, shrubs and many rare plants, such as Rhododendron, Hippophae rhamnoides, Salix acuminata and Salix rubra, but also has strange mountains and rocks carved by nature. With clear spring water and birds singing, the scenery is like a poetic and dynamic landscape painting.

In addition to Fuer cliff, Yueya Bay, Shiya village, Beigu city and other historical sites, green mountains, strange rocks and forest dripping green are the most attractive scenery. In summer, it passes through the gorge. On one side, it is green and swaying for trees, on the other side, it is green grass and strange rocks. In the mountain streams, there is a long flow of green water. Especially in the narrow and long valleys on both sides of the Qinghai Tibet highway, wheat, rape, broad beans and other crops are growing well in the strip fields protected by forest network. In the slack season, the well-off farmers put up three or five colorful tents in the quiet and beautiful woodland, or relatives and friends get together, or entertain the passing tourists, and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the gorge and valley.

Cliff stone carving

Huangyuan gorge, with its special geographical location, not only plays a role as a bridge of national friendship, but also attracts a large number of Chinese tourists at home and abroad with its unique natural features, especially those rock paintings and stone carvings carved on the cliffs, which make the passing guests can't help but abandon their cars and set foot in the view.

Rock paintings and stone carvings of foyeya (foyeya)

It is located on the rock wall in the partial cave, 3 meters north of the Qinghai Tibet highway 109 National Highway 1994 km. Above the partial cave, the wall is protruding and the cliff is hanging in the air. Looking up at it, it makes people tremble and dare not stand for a long time. It is said that there were three small halls built in the Tang and Song dynasties at foerya. They were repaired twice in the Qing Dynasty. In 1918, the small hall was destroyed by flood in Huangyuan gorge area. Later, a iron monk from the Arctic mountain, Huayuan, rebuilt one in 1926 and was washed again in 1937. The present small hall was built by local people in 1995.

In the center of the hall is a standing statue of Sakyamuni, 2.1 meters high and 1.1 meters wide. The Buddha has a plump face, big ear lobes, closed eyes and quiet. He is dressed in a cassock with open shoulders, a bowl in his right hand and a fearless seal in his left hand. He has a peach shaped light on his head, an oval light behind him and a small xumizuo under his feet. On both sides are four statues of Vajra, and on the other side are nine small single Buddha statues. All of them are seated on the lotus platform, some of them are dressed in right chest cassock. Some of them are wearing shoulder length cassock, while others are wearing Luozi and bare chest. Buddha or eyes with a smile, or low brow meditation. The Buddha's postures and fingerprints are different. In addition, a number of yin and Yang inscriptions of Chinese and Tibetan characters were found on the left and right sides of the standing Buddha's throne, including "the inscription of the year of Dingyou of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty" and "the inscription of the year of Bingwu of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty". All the Buddha statues are engraved in the shade. Except for the three small Buddha statues which can only see the outline due to height damage, the rest of the Buddha statues have clear patterns and beautiful lines. They are painted all over the body. The Buddha's cassock and headdress also use the method of gilding, which increases the brilliant artistic effect of the picture.

According to the general features of the Buddha patterns and the carving techniques, the statues have the typical style of the song and Yuan Dynasties, and the four small Buddha statues belong to the works of the late Qing Dynasty. According to historical records, since the Eastern Han Dynasty when Buddhism was introduced to China, Huangyuan gorge has become a place for Buddhist believers to visit Tianzhu and other countries to learn Buddhist scriptures. In particular, during the Yankang period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Buddhist Temple (today's zhazang Temple) was built in this area. In 1578, the third Dalai Lama of the Ming Dynasty went to zhazang temple to preach Buddhist scriptures. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty granted a plaque of "Buddha's light" to zhazang temple And the annual sea worship activities of dongke temple, a Tibetan Buddhist temple in yaoshuixia, formed Buddhist monks in this area. The situation of constant exchanges. However, the exact date of the engraving and painting of the main Buddha, and the fact that foerya was the place where the living Buddhas of the past dynasties would rest along the way, still need further research.

Stone carvings of "throat of Tibet in the sea" and "high mountains and long rivers"

It is located in the middle of Qinghai Tibet highway 109 National Road from 1994 to 1995, and the distance between the two stone carvings is about 100 meters. "Haizang throat" is a kind of Yin engraved regular script. Each character is 60 cm high and 50 cm wide. On the left side of the four characters is engraved with a small regular script: "Jiaqing Gengshen in April, Xining daoe yunbu script; Guangxu Xuzi in April, tangar Tongzhi Zhang Hui kisses Li dunyuan Jianyin, the main book of tangar in Xining county.". In the first year of Jiaqing (1800), the word "haizang throat" was inscribed by the governor of Xining Dao tai'e yunbu. In the next year, it was engraved by Li dunyuan, the chief executive of tangar (now Huangyuan county), Xining county. In 1888, Zhang Huiqin, the governor of tangar Hall, re engraved the damaged stone carvings. The stone carving was originally on the cliff to the north of today's highway. When the Qinghai Tibet highway was built in the 1950s, the cliff was destroyed. However, the whole piece of stone with the stone carving was well buried underground and preserved. In 1987, the county cultural relics department was responsible for excavating it, and then it stood in the south of the current highway, and hired local people to guard it. "High mountains and long rivers" is located on the cliff at the east end of the rock painting of fuerya. The first one is "xinchou summer in the 21st year of Daoguang", and the second one is "Wang Nawei's supervisor in the 22nd year of huangzhangbingshu in fubianfu of dangar". The stone inscription was written by Huang Wenbing in 1841, when he was appointed as Fubian Tongzhi of dangar hall. The next year, it was engraved by Wang Nawei, the hall scribe. The above two stone carvings and rock paintings of fuerya are all engraved at the east entrance of xishixia.

"Beautiful scenery" stone carving:

Located on the cliff 1.5km to the east of baishutang village in the outskirts of the city, about 2m high from the surface, the four characters of "beautiful mountains and rivers" are engraved in regular script, and on the left side are inscribed: "Jin Baoqing, a senior official of the Jiachen reign of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, wrote the title, and Jin xueshu, a male magistrate of the county, was rebuilt before the second year of the Republic of China." The inscriptions were written by Jin Baoqing, a native of the city, in 1905. Jin Baoqing: zifutang, whose ancestral home is Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, was the general manager of the regiment training group of dangaerting in the fourth year of Tongzhi. He was also known as the imperial court official because of his outstanding military achievements in the Hui rebellion. Jin xueshu, the son of Jin Baoqing, was a Gongsheng. In the 31st year of Guangxu reign, he was appointed as the magistrate of the fourth grade of the flower plume of danger hall. In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Jin xueshu invested and presided over the re engraving of the original stone carvings.

Stone carvings of "the thoroughfare of Tibet and the sea" and "opening the way to the mountains"

It is located on the cliff north of the 109 National Highway between 2016 and 20,17 kilometers of the Qinghai Tibet highway. The first paragraph reads "engraved in the eighth year of the Republic of China" and the second paragraph reads "Yi Shen Jin Xue Shu ti." "Bishan Kaidao" is a Yin engraved book. The first paragraph reads "June, the year of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty". The second paragraph has been weathered and has no existence. There are 14 characters engraved on the bottom: "Kou Kou Kou, Xi'an, Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaoyang, Zheng Lian, Ba Kou". Zheng lianba: born in Shaoyang, Hunan Province, served as Deputy General of Zhenhai xieying in 1883. In the 10th year of Guangxu (1884), dangar city was rebuilt by donating money to the government; in the 11th year (1885), the government proposed to carry out the renovation works of Xishi gorge and Yaoshui gorge roads, and engraved the four words "open the mountain and open the road" when the Yaoshui Gorge project was completed. Five meters to the east of the stone carving was originally engraved with "water, air and mountain throat", which was damaged due to years of wind and rain erosion. The above two stone inscriptions are characterized by thick stippling, broad and broad knot, dignified and majestic, and open momentum, which have high artistic value of calligraphy.

Stone inscriptions of "haizang throat" and "turning the crisis into safety"

It is located between 1998 and 1999 km of national highway 109 of Qinghai Tibet highway. There are two stone carvings of "throat of Tibet in the sea": one is on the cliff about 9 meters high from the surface in the north of the road, the first one is "renyin of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty", the second one is "dangar Fubian, South Yunnan fengqiyunshu". Feng Qi Yun Guang

Chinese PinYin : Huang Yuan Xia