Bianque Temple

Bianque Temple

Bianque temple, also known as bianque temple, is located in the west of Shentou village at the foot of Queshan, 26 kilometers west of Neiqiu County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province. It was first built in the Warring States period and has been repaired in successive dynasties. It is an ancient architectural complex for worshiping bianque, the Chinese medical ancestor. It is built close to the mountain, with two ridges supporting each other. The Jiulong River flows through it, with a total area of 150000 square meters.

Bianque temple is the oldest, largest and best preserved Memorial Temple group in China, with towering ancient cypresses, scattered buildings and numerous steles. Among them, bianque hall, bianque tomb, touling stele, Huisheng bridge, jiulongbai, ancient stele Gallery, Sanqing hall and Han Dynasty god beast are the eight landscapes of bianque temple, which have rich historical and cultural connotations. There are more than 100 inscriptions in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, of which the "touling tablet" is the most well preserved. It is an important material for studying bianque's traditional Chinese medicine culture and the development history of Chinese medicine.

Bianque temple is a national AAAA tourist attraction and a national traditional Chinese medicine culture propaganda and education base,

In 2006, bianque temple was listed in the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

In July 2020, Shentou village, where bianque temple is located, will be included in the list of the second batch of national key Rural Tourism Villages of the Ministry of culture and tourism.

Historical evolution

According to the Wei Shu topographical records, Zhongqiu city (now Neiqiu county), Boyang city and Queshan temple are located in the former Han Dynasty, the latter Han Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty

In the ninth year of Tiansheng of Song Dynasty (1031), its rooms and corridors were built, and "Guanghua is everywhere".

In the second year of Xining (1069) of the Song Dynasty, after the renovation, "the dense eaves and veranda are as dense as wings, which are magnificent and impressive.".

In the first year of Jin Mingchang (1190), Zhao Shi, the magistrate of Neiqiu County, led the public to paint eaves and carve beams. So he called it "the temple has not been as complete as it is now since ancient times.".

In the 16th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1223), Su Zhong, the Deputy envoy of Jiedu, took the lead to repair the old foundation. In the Yuan Dynasty, Yan Tianyi, the imperial physician, corrected the materials and raised money to repair it.

In 1268, the fourth year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty, the inscription of "the restoration of Queshan God Yingwang temple in the state Dynasty" reads: "since the Han and Tang Dynasties, the worship of statues is old, and the five seasons are not over, and there are many remains of scriptures.

Later, it was repaired in 1487, 1587, 1585, 1621 and 1896.

Architectural features

structure

The ancient buildings of bianque temple are surrounded by mountains. The layout of the temple is rigorous, with wood and stone structure, painted beams, cornices, red bricks and green tiles. In general, it is rectangular and arranged according to the heaven (jade emperor), earth (Houtu) and human (bianque). At present, there are 19 huishengqiao, Shanmen, bianque temple, Houtu zongsi hall, Yuhuang hall, Sanqing hall, Laojun hall, Caishen hall, Baizi hall, Sanxiao hall and Yaowang temple, covering an area of 150000 square meters. Taking bianque temple as the center, a huge ancient architectural complex is formed with reasonable overall layout and compact structure. It is a typical Taoist temple group in northern China. Among them, bianque hall, bianque tomb, touling stele, Huisheng bridge, jiulongbai, ancient stele corridor, Sanqing hall and Han Dynasty beast are the eight major landscapes of bianque temple.

characteristic

The pines and cypresses in bianque temple are towering, and the bird cypresses and button cypresses are the most popular roof types, including Xieshan, Xuanshan, hard mountain top, veranda top and rolling shed top. All kinds of complex shapes with artistic effect formed by the combination of these roof types show that the ancient craftsmen made full use of the characteristics of wood structure to create the roof lifting, folding and warping, forming the eaves angle extending like bird wings and the soft and beautiful curves of various parts of the roof.

The shape characteristics of bianque Temple Group: surrounded by mountains, the halls are located in them, the river in front of the temple is trickling, the terrain is gradually rising, the buildings are built according to the mountain, the axis is symmetrical, and the scenery is unique.

Cultural relics

Bianque Hall

Bianque hall was built to worship bianque, a famous doctor in history. It is the main building of the whole ancient Temple group. It can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. The preserved bianque hall has a history of more than 800 years. It is a typical architectural style of the Yuan Dynasty, with a height of 11.1 meters, a width of seven rooms, a length of 21.78 meters, a depth of three rooms, a width of 9.94 meters, and an area of 426 square meters. The statue of Bian Que in the hall is wearing a Mian Diao crown, a long robe with a straight collar and wide sleeves, a belt around the waist, and high shoes. It is a complete picture of a marquis and a king. On both sides of the 10 disciples, West row: Ziyi massage, Ziyu car, Ziyou alchemy, ziyue medicine, Zishu knife; east row: Zibao prescription, Ziming medicine, Zirong needle, Ziyang pulse, Zitong fire. The different shapes of these statues show all the treatment methods of Chinese medicine, and also prove the identity and dignity of Bian que as the originator of Chinese medicine.

Huisheng Bridge

Huisheng bridge was built in an unknown time. According to Neiqiu county annals of Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt in 1543. The ancient bridge collapsed in 1963 and was rebuilt in 1999. The reason why it is named Huisheng is mainly to describe the high medical skill of bianque. Because in ancient times, people thought that no matter how sick they were, as long as they came to bianque's residence through this bridge, they would have the hope of resurrection. It is said that walking on this bridge for the first time can eliminate diseases and disasters; walking for the second time can prolong life; walking for the third time can lighten body and mind.

Stone cypress of Kowloon

Jiulong stone cypress grows on the riverside hill to the south of Huisheng bridge. It is rooted in the stone crevices. Nine ancient cypresses have a history of more than 2000 years and are all Han cypresses. It is said that after Bian que was killed, several of his disciples inherited the master's will and continued to travel around the world to practice medicine. After their death, their bodies were transported back and buried in this place. Later, nine cypress trees grew here to guard the master's mausoleum.

Ancient stele Gallery

The ancient stele gallery is located on the east side of bianque temple, with a total of 22 steles. It contains more than 30 pieces of Steles from Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, recording the renovation of bianque temple. It provides precious and detailed historical data for the study of bianque and the history of Chinese medicine. It is also an important historical material for the study of Chinese calligraphy.

Houtu front hall

Houtu front hall, also known as Sanxiao hall or Sanjia grandma hall, is a brick and wood structure building behind bianque hall. It is built in the style of Yuan Dynasty. It is dedicated to three younger sisters of Zhao Gongming, Yunxiao, Bixiao and Qiongxiao. They are called survival grandmother, delivery grandmother and midwife grandmother.

Yao Wang Temple

Yao Wang Temple is located on the east side of Houtu front hall. Sun Simiao, the medicine king of Tang Dynasty, was worshiped in the temple. In 652, the third year of emperor Yonghui's reign, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao once wrote a thousand gold prescriptions for emergencies, which put forward the view that "human beings value heaven's destiny, and are more valuable than gold". In his later years, he wrote two books, thousand gold wings prescriptions, which are collectively called thousand gold prescriptions Jin Fang Quan Juan.

Baizi Hall

Baizi hall is also called Guangsheng hall, commonly known as baby hall. Located on the west side of Houtu front hall, Jichang, King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, is worshipped in the hall. Jichang, King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, was a virtuous and wise king. He was generous, courteous and virtuous. He hit a hundred sons, and all of them were smart and accomplished a lot. In feudal society, many sons and many blessings are people's fertility concept. People all hope that their children and grandchildren will be as outstanding as King Wen's hundred sons. Therefore, people worship King Wen as a god of seeking sons.

Juniperus japonicus

The dragon claw cypress is located in the northeast corner of Houtu front hall. It also belongs to the Han cypress. It is the thickest one among the Han cypresses, with a diameter of 1.4 meters. It is named because its crown and branches are similar to the dragon claw.

Houtu General Secretary Hall

The general secretary Hall of Houtu, commonly known as grandma hall, is located behind the front hall of Houtu. In 1719, it was rebuilt and destroyed in a fire in 1985. In 1993, it was rebuilt in the style of Yuan Dynasty on the original site. The whole building is a single eaves cloth tile glass cut edge Jiuji Xieshan peak. The temple is dedicated to the only goddess of Taoism - "Chengtian imitates Houde Guangtai Empress Yinjun", which is known as the earth mother. Every year on the first day of March and the first day of October, we can see the grand occasion of ten thousand people worshiping. The twelve wind officials on both sides hold different musical instruments. It is said that they can hear the sound of musical instrument ensemble in the dead of night.

Jade Emperor Hall

The Jade Emperor hall is located on a high platform to the east of the rear of Houtu hall. It belongs to the architectural style of Ming Dynasty. It is decorated with cloth tiles and glass. The temple is dedicated to the Jade Emperor, the king of the gods and the head of the three realms. The hall was destroyed in 1975 and restored to its original site in 1999.

Laojun Temple

Laojun hall is located behind the Jade Emperor hall, which belongs to the architectural style of Qing Dynasty. Laojun is Laozi in history. Laozi's name is Li Er, also called laodan. He was born in kuxian County of Chu state. He was a thinker and founder of Taoism in the late spring and Autumn period. Because Taoism pays attention to alchemy and mercury burning, it needs to master the temperature of fire, and it also needs to deal with fire when firing ceramics. The master of the "Bagua furnace" is regarded as the kiln God, and the miners and brick kilns will come here to worship and pray for peace.

Sanqing Hall

Sanqing hall is located at the highest position in the back hill of bianquemiao district. It is a two-story brick and wood structure building with Ming Dynasty architectural style, covering an area of more than 500 square meters. Inside the hall

Chinese PinYin : Bian Que Miao