Tianshan Tianchi Lake

Tianshan Tianchi Lake

Tianshan Tianchi is a world natural heritage site, a national AAAAA scenic spot, a national geopark, a national key scenic spot, a national civilized scenic spot, an international man and nature Biosphere Reserve, China's best tourist destination, China's top ten scenic spots with the best resource protection, and China's top ten charming leisure tourism lakes.

Tianshan Tianchi, formerly known as "yaochi", is located in Fukang City, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, on the north slope of Bogda peak. It is a natural scenic spot with high mountains and lakes as the center, 97 kilometers away from Urumqi. The planning area of the scenic spot is 548 square kilometers, which is divided into 8 scenic spots, 15 scenic groups and 38 scenic spots. It is a typical mountain type natural landscape in arid areas of Northwest China.

The lake is 1910 meters above sea level, 3.5 kilometers long from north to south, 0.8-1.5 kilometers wide from east to west, and 103 meters deep. Surrounded by spruce and snow peak, it is a famous summer resort and tourist destination. There are two theories about the origin of Tianchi: ancient ice erosion - Zhongqi dammed lake and landslide dammed lake. Tianshan Tianchi, reflected by snow peak, surrounded by spruce, clear water like a mirror, picturesque scenery.

Tianshan Tianchi is characterized by a complete vertical natural landscape belt, snow mountains, glaciers and high mountain lakes. It is the best place for sightseeing, scientific research, exploration, leisure and fitness, and national customs.

Development and evolution

In June 1980, the people's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region established Tianchi Nature Reserve with Bogda peak as the center.

In November 1982, Tianshan Tianchi in Xinjiang was approved by the State Council as the first batch of national key scenic spots.

On March 27, 1990, UNESCO approved the biosphere reserve at the northern foot of Bogda mountain in temperate desert area of China to join the man and biosphere program of the United Nations. It aims to protect the biodiversity at the northern foot of Bogda mountain and the natural landscape of Tianchi Lake, providing a model for the protection and rational utilization of deserts in China and the world.

In August 1990, with the approval of UNESCO, the protection network of Bogda peak "international man and nature biosphere reserve" was established with Tianshan Lake as the center. The reserve covers an area of about 1600 square kilometers.

In 1993, the Ministry of Construction approved the master plan of Tianshan Tianchi scenic area.

In 2000, Tianshan Tianchi was rated as an AAAA scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration. The opening of two lines of Tianchi highway will form a ring golden tourist route from Tianchi to Dabancheng to Turpan. After the completion of Bogda national Glacier Park and "time tunnel" fossil mountain Geopark under construction, Tianshan Tianchi scenic spot in Xinjiang will be more magnificent.

In 2007, Tianshan Tianchi was rated as a national 5A scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

After the inspection by the expert group of China's Ministry of land and resources from June 5 to 6, 2013, Tianshan Tianchi has successfully passed the acceptance and officially entered the ranks of national geoparks.

On June 21, 2013, the 37th World Heritage conference held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia voted to include Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, China, in the UNESCO World Heritage list.

The origin of the name

"Tianchi" comes from the inscription "Lingshan Tianchi tongshuiqu stele" written by Urumqi Dutong Guangming in 1783.

From ancient times to the present, Chen Yunhe and other scholars have written many poems and articles, which are highly praised. It is said that more than 3000 years ago, Emperor Mu had a banquet with the queen mother of the west at the Bank of the Tianchi Lake, leaving a good story for thousands of years, which made the Tianchi Lake win the reputation of "yaochi".

In the early 1970s, Guo Moruo accompanied Prince Sihanouk on a tour. He chanted "a pool of thick ink on the bottom of the inkstone, and ten thousand trees are long with a pen".

geographical environment

geographical position

Tianshan Tianchi is located in Fukang City, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 37 kilometers away from Fukang City and 97 kilometers away from Urumqi, the capital. The total length of Tianshan Mountains is 2500 km, which lies across the hinterland of Asia. It is the natural boundary between Tarim Basin and Junggar basin. Tianchi is located on the mountainside of Bogda peak, the highest peak in the eastern part of Tianshan Mountain, with a plane elevation of 1928 meters.

topographic features

Tianshan Tianchi scenic spot, with Tianchi as the center, includes four complete mountain vertical natural landscape belts, covering a total area of 380.69 square kilometers. Tianchi Lake is a half moon shaped lake with a length of 3400 meters, a maximum width of 1500 meters, an area of 4.9 square kilometers, and a maximum depth of 105 meters. The lake is crystal clear. Surrounded by mountains, green grass and wild flowers, it is known as "the Pearl of Tianshan". Tall and straight, green spruce, tasong, all over the mountains, blocking the sky.

Southeast of Tianchi is the majestic main peak of Bogda (Mongolian "Bogda", meaning Lingshan, Shengshan), with an altitude of 5445 meters. There are two peaks on the left and right of the main peak. Looking up from afar, the three peaks rise together, suddenly, like a penholder.

climatic conditions

The climate is a typical continental arid climate. The annual average temperature is 2.55 ℃, the highest is 15.9 ℃ in July, and the lowest is - 12.4 ℃ in January. The snowfall period in winter is 6-7 months, the freezing period is 5 months, and the ice thickness of the lake is more than 1 meter. Tianchi water is divided into two periods in a year: the high water period and the low water period. The water rises from April to September every year, and falls from September to April next year, which is a cycle. The active water level of Tianchi is between 10-13 meters, and the annual average water temperature is maintained at 7.4 ℃.

natural resources

The flora of wild animal and plant resources in Tianchi scenic area of Tianshan Mountain is ancient, complex and unique.

animal

There are 32 species of mammals, 144 species of birds, 5 species of amphibians and reptiles and fish, 191 species of higher flowering plants, among which the national key protected wild animals such as snow leopard, brown bear, stone marten, red deer, argali, dark bellied snow chicken have more scientific value and ornamental value.

Botany

Forest is an important plant resource, covering 41.5% of the core scenic area. There are more than 20 kinds of edible fungi, such as grass mushroom, pine mushroom, velvet mushroom and Morchella.

Saussurea involucrata is one of the best Alpine flowers. It grows in the snow rock crevices above 2600 meters above sea level. It has the reputation of snow chrysanthemum, Dahua, youboluo and qihuayaocao.

Main attractions

According to the layout and structure of scenic spots, Tianshan Tianchi scenic spot is divided into Tianchi scenic spot, Denggan mountain scenic spot, Maya mountain scenic spot, Niangniang Temple scenic spot, Bogda peak scenic spot, huaergou scenic spot, baiyanggou scenic spot, Shuimogou scenic spot and northern desert scenic spot.

Tianchi scenic spot

Tianchi stone gate

The scenic spot is called "Shimen Yixian". Shimen is a natural mountain pass into Tianchi scenic spot. It is about 100 meters wide on both sides and only 10 meters at the narrowest part. The two peaks of Shimen are facing each other, and the one line connects with the other. It is a gorge formed by river cutting, so it is also called "Shixia". The stone wall is towering, tens of meters high and about 100 meters long. The sky is wonderful, just like two open doors. Ochre dark stone, as cast iron, also known as "iron gate.". Inside the stone gate, the Sangong River runs through the river, the water turns and the road turns, the river is turbulent, the waves are splashing, the cliffs are towering, the valley is deep, and the sound shakes the valley. A poem says: "the towering stone gorge yaochi gate, the cliffs are dangling, the sky is dangerous and the soul is broken. It's a long way to the sky. "

Xixiaotianchi

Xixiaotianchi, located in the northwest of Dahaizi, is 1600 meters above sea level. It was called yunu Lake in ancient times. The lake water seeps from the southwest of Tianchi dam, flows into the lake in the form of waterfall, and flows into Sangong River. The pool is surrounded by spruce, waterfalls, blue-green water and quiet environment.

Xixiaotianchi waterfall

It is said that it is "the shower water of the queen mother" and that the "bath water" will flow down to form the "West small Tianchi". Opposite the "West Xiaotianchi waterfall", there is a hexagonal and peaked "waterfall viewing Pavilion" built in Guangxu period, which has been destroyed.

The source of xixiaotianchi waterfall

The source of xixiaotianchi waterfall is "Liquan cave". Here, it is like a cave but not a cave. It's hard to find, and it's also called "yinru cave". Spring milk gushes out from the ground, pure and sweet like Li. It is said that it is "Li spring of Queen Mother".

Dongxiaotianchi

East small Tianchi, located in the Northeast exit of Tianhai Dahaizi, also known as Heilongtan. There is an artificial Sluice at the east end of Tianchi dam, through which the water flows down to the East small Tianchi. This pool covers an area of about 10000 square meters, with an altitude of 1860 meters. There is a sluice in the north, through which the pool water falls 200 meters, forming a rolling waterfall and flowing through Sangong River Gorge. There are waterfalls at the entrance and exit of dongxiaotianchi. The waterfalls and pools are connected. The space is deep and the scenery is quiet and beautiful.

Dongxiaotianchi waterfall

The cliff on the North Bank of East Xiaotianchi is nearly 100 meters high, so it is called "100 meter cliff". At the end of spring and the beginning of summer, the ice and snow melt, the pool water rises and falls from the north bank, forming a waterfall nearly 100 meters high, flowing silver and jade, splashing straight down, and the sound of the water is like thunder; if the sunlight refracts, the color training is in the sky, and the atmosphere is myriad.

Dongxiaotianchi headstream waterfall

Over the mountains to the south of the East small Tianchi Lake, you can reach the North Bank of the great Tianchi Lake. The North Bank of Tianchi Lake is a huge natural dam, which is composed of ancient glacial moraines and mountain debris. It is 289 meters high,

Chinese PinYin : Tian Shan Tian Chi