Sakya County

Sakya County

Sakya county belongs to Xigaze city of Tibet Autonomous Region, which is located in the south of Tibet Autonomous Region, the middle of Xigaze city and the South Bank of Yarlung Zangbo River. It borders Shigatse City and Bailang County in the East, Dingjie and Gangba counties in the south, Razi and Dingri in the west, and Xietongmen across the river in the north. The county is 150 kilometers away from Shigatse. The total area is 7510 square kilometers (2010). By the end of 2010, the total population of Sakya county was 47304, including 5720 non-agricultural population, accounting for 3.59% of the total population of the county.

Sakya county is located between the Himalayas and the Gangdise mountains, high in the north and south, low in the middle. The highest peak in the territory is 6092 meters above sea level. There are Chongqu River, Xiabuqu River and other rivers. It belongs to the semi-arid monsoon climate of plateau temperate zone. The frost free period is about 110 days, the average annual temperature is 5-6 ℃, and the annual precipitation is about 150-300 mm. Sakya county is a semi agricultural and semi pastoral county mainly based on agriculture. China Nepal highway transit. There are Sakya temple, baimaqulin temple, chaopu temple, Juba temple, Kangjian temple, renqingang temple, etc.

By the end of 2014, the gross domestic product of Sakya county had reached 380 million yuan, an increase of 5.2% over the same period of 2013; the income of township enterprises in 2014 had reached 3.908 million yuan, an increase of 108000 yuan over the target; the income of diversified operation had reached 60.03 million yuan, an increase of 443000 yuan over the target.

On December 9, 2019, the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region approved Sakya county to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties (districts).

Historical evolution

Sakya means "grey earth" in Tibetan.

In the 11th century, in order to teach the new secrets of Buddhism, Kun gongjuejiebu built a temple on the hillside of the North Bank of Zhongqu, so it was named Sakya.

In the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty established the local power of Sakya and ruled Tibet for nearly a hundred years.

After the 14th century A.D., the local power of Sakya lost the power to rule Tibet, but there was still territory and a separate side. The king of Sakya was handed down to 1959.

After 1951, the local government of Sakya began to accept the leadership of gaxia government politically.

In 1956, Sakya working group of Shigatse sub working committee and Sakya local government jointly formed Sakya Zong office.

On January 7, 1960, Sakya Zong and serenze Zong were merged to form the people's Government of Sakya county. It is under the jurisdiction of Shigatse.

administrative division

As of 2008, Sakya county has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 9 townships: Sakya Town, Jiding Town, mula Township, charong Township, Laluo Township, Sai Township, Laxiu Township, zhaxigang Township, Xiongma Township, mabujia Township and xiongmai township. 130 administrative villages. The residence of the county people's Government: Sakya town.

geographical environment

Location context

Sakya county is located in the north of Himalayas, adjacent to sangzhuzi district and Bailang County of Shigatse City in the East, Dingjie and Gangba counties in the south, Dingri and Razi counties in the west, and Xietongmen County across the river in the north. 150 km away from Shigatse, the county is located between 88 ° 03 ′ E and 28 ° 54 ′ n, with a total area of 7510 square kilometers (2010).

landforms

Sakya county is a part of the valley area in the northeast of the Zhufeng area in southern Tibet, and a part of the Himalayan fold belt. It is located in the typical section of the fast phase collision fracture zone between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate.

The altitude of Sakya county is 4316 meters, the average altitude of the whole county is 4400 meters, the highest altitude is 6092 meters (duolong mountain), the lowest altitude is 3906 meters, and the altitude difference is 2176 meters. The south is high mountain, and the north is Yarlung Zangbo valley plain. According to the landform, it can be divided into three types.

Mountain landforms are mainly composed of horny peak like high mountains, plain like mid high mountains and round like mid low mountains. Jiaofeng mountain is dominated by denudation structure topography of ancient glaciation, with ice scuttles, valleys, Jiaofeng and other glacial relics. The altitude is more than 5500 meters, and the relative elevation difference is more than 1000 meters. The slopes and valleys are steep, and the sea of rocks is all over the mountain. The Jiaofeng mountains stand upright, the blade and back are connected, the icebergs are arranged, and the glaciers are wide and straight, forming a group of peaks. The vegetation in the alpine area is sparse, showing the landscape of frozen desert edge. The plain mountain is dominated by the flat mountain terrain of denudation structure of ancient peneplain, with an altitude of 5000-5500 meters and a relative elevation difference of about 500 meters. The glacial erosion terrain such as ice scuttle and ice trough valley still exists. Only the slope is cut by gully rock. The back of the mountain is flat, undulating, the gully is open, the terrain is gentle, and the slope is 5-15 degrees. THE ALPINE PERMAFROST swamp vegetation widely grows, showing a kind of desert moss. The center of the round high mountain is dominated by low and hilly terrain with uneven division of erosion structure. The altitude is 4400-5000m, and the relative elevation difference is 500-600m. The water erosion and physical weathering are strong. The top of the mountain is round, the slope is gentle, and the vegetation is well developed.

Hilly landform is mainly composed of beam shaped hills, broken hills and other geomorphic units, mostly distributed in the central part of the county, with an altitude of about 4000 meters. The ridge hills are dominated by denudation, forming low mountains and hills with alternate and parallel distribution of beams and gullies. The gullies are mostly V-shaped valleys with serious erosion and denudation. The broken hills are mainly eroded and denuded terraces, and the altitude is between 4200-4400 meters.

The plain landform is mainly composed of sloping piedmont plain and banded valley plain. Most of them are distributed in the south of the county and river valley, with an altitude of 3900-4200 meters. The inclined piedmont plain is connected with the Piedmont on the top and reaches the valley on the bottom. It is in a gentle inclined state from top to bottom. Banded valley plain is distributed in the valley of each river, which is composed of alluvial proluvial gravel and pebbles. It is banded along the river, 1-2km wide, and the terraces are not well developed.

The terrain in Sakya county is characterized by large elevation difference, complex terrain and diverse geomorphic types, which lead to obvious regional differences in natural factors such as climate, soil and biology.

geology

Sakya county is located between the Himalayas and the Gangdise mountains. Its geology and strata distribution are affected by the Himalayan orogeny. According to the existing research data, the geological history here is still relatively young. It was only at the end of the last new century and the beginning of the fourth century that the area rose to the top of the earth due to the strong geological tectonic movement. Since ancient times, the strata and rock strata of each period in Sakya county have been exposed, but due to the different sedimentary environment, the rock structure of each region has changed greatly. Sandstone, slate and limestone of Early Triassic are widely exposed.

Since the fourth century, although the bioclimatic environment of the sediments varies greatly, and the weathering mode, weathering intensity and the transportation and accumulation process of weathering products of rocks are also complicated, as the material source, they can be summarized into the following main types of soil forming materials.

The products of physical weathering of all kinds of bedrock of residual deposit stop to accumulate in the original geology, and generally remain in the top of gentle mountain back. Most of them are angular gravel or gravel with a small amount of fine material. The hardness is very strong and the mineral composition varies greatly, which mainly depends on the nature of protolith.

Due to the wide development of modern glaciers, there are not only a large number of ancient glacial moraines, but also modern glacial moraines. They are coarse and broken materials with poor separation and mixed gravel. Generally, the older moraines are mostly cemented or imitated cemented, with deeper differentiation and certain pedogenesis. In modern times, the moraine is loose and the weathering degree is very shallow.

Slope deposit is a common type in the territory. It is a kind of weathered clastic material of bedrock. Under the joint action of gravity and slope runoff, it is transported and stopped to deposit at the gentle place in the middle and lower part of the slope foot. Its particle size varies with the distance of transportation, and it has a certain sorting property. It often contains high fine soil material, which is conducive to the formation of soil.

The fan-shaped deposits produced by the seasonal flow of proluvial deposits are commonly found in the piedmont zone and the edge of the valley basin, and are mainly composed of gravel, coarse sand and fine soil. Among them, the texture of the fan edge is fine, and the soil can be developed. Some of the stable parts have been reclaimed.

Alluvial deposits are mainly distributed in the high floodplain on both banks of Zhongqu River and Xiabuqu River and on all levels of land. Its composition is fine and layered, and often contains a certain thickness of sand or silt and other fine materials, so it is the best agricultural land in the local area.

Aeolian deposits in the broad valley of the Xiabuqu River, the products of wind melting and accumulation, often form bare half moon shaped sand dunes, sand dunes and sand dunes, with large area and uniform texture, mainly composed of feldspar, quartz, mica and other minerals, mostly silt and fine sand, often mixed with a certain amount of calcium carbonate and other salts.

climate

Sakya county belongs to the semi-arid monsoon climate zone of plateau temperate zone. The climate of Sakya county is the same as that of other places on the plateau, which has the characteristics of vertical distribution. The area with high altitude is colder, while the area with low altitude, such as Jiding Township, lashiu Township and Xiongma Township, has the same climate as Xigaze. The annual rainfall is about 150-300 mm, with the maximum of 400 mm and the minimum of 100 mm. The rainfall is concentrated in June, July and August. The relative frost free period is about 70-100 days. The annual average temperature is 5-6 ℃, the highest is 27 ℃, and the lowest is minus 20 ℃. In winter, it is mostly southwest wind, dry and cold, windy and sandy, with wind force of 5.1

Chinese PinYin : Sa Jia Xian