Hua'an Tulou

Hua'an Tulou

Huaan Tulou is an important part of Minnan Tulou. There are 68 existing ones, including Eryi building, Nanyang building, Dongyang building and Qiyun building. Among them, the earth building group in Hua'an, represented by eryilou, was officially listed in the "World Cultural Heritage List" in July 2008.

According to the rough statistics, there are more than 3000 Tulou in Fujian. Although the number of Tulou in Hua'an County is small, Hua'an Tulou, with its distinctive regional characteristics and special historical value, artistic value and scientific value, occupies a special and irreplaceable important position in Fujian Tulou.

Practical information

Ticket information

1. Children's ticket: free ticket for height below 1.2m, children's ticket for height between 1.2m and 1.4m; (children's ticket: 45 yuan for Dadi scenic spot, 30 yuan for Shangping scenic spot)

2. Tickets for the elderly: tickets for the elderly over the age of 70; (tickets for the elderly: 45 yuan for Dadi scenic spot and 30 yuan for Shangping scenic spot); tickets for active servicemen are free of charge

3. Ticket Description: Dadi scenic area includes Eryi building, Dongyang building, Nanyang building, Gaoshan dance (dance is an open-air performance, whether it will be held or not depends on the weather and the number of people at that time, the performance time is 11:00 noon and 14:00 PM), Shangping scenic area includes Qiyun building, Rixin building and Shengping building.

4. Other charge items and price: sightseeing bus 10 yuan / person, tour guide 5 yuan / person (tour guide and tour guide are free choice) (tour guide fee: individual passengers must join a group of more than 12 people can pick up, according to 60 yuan / group charge)

Traffic information

Transportation information Xiamen: from Haicang to Shenhai Expressway to Zhanglong expressway, get off the expressway at the west exit of Zhangzhou, take 208 provincial road, the whole journey is 136 kilometers, about 2 hours).

Starting from Zhangzhou: take 208 provincial road, 90 kilometers, about 1.5 hours. The bus from Hua'an County to Dadi Tulou group is 24 km long and runs every hour at a cost of 5 yuan per person.

geographical environment

According to the rough statistics of Fujian Tulou, there are more than 40000 Tulou in total, and only 68 Tulou in Hua'an County. Although the number is not large, the number of Hua'an Tulou is small

With its distinctive regional characteristics and special historical value, artistic value and scientific value, it occupies a special and irreplaceable important position in Fujian Tulou.

It is suitable for mountain, water and living

"Eryilou" in Dadi village, Xiandu Town, Hua'an is a typical representative of Hua'an Tulou, a masterpiece of Fujian Tulou and a treasure of traditional Chinese dwellings.

1. The most livable environment

"Eryilou" is backed by Wugong mountain. The mountains meander into mountains and the trees are verdant. In front of the building, there are winding water and wide field of vision. There are Guishan crimes near and Jiufeng screens far away. The lion rock on the left side stretches forward and the Huxing mountain on the right side shrinks low, so Xuantian Pavilion is built to supplement geomantic omen and balance the left and right sides. Here, surrounded by beautiful mountains, abundant water, beautiful mountains and clear waters, wind and gas. The back mountain can block the cold wave, the face water can meet the cool wind, and the vegetation can protect the soil and water. The organic integration of earth building and environment constitutes an ideal ecological pattern. It is not only unique and beautiful landscape, but also convenient for production and life. It is really suitable for mountain, water and living.

2. The most unique layout

The plane layout of Fujian round building can be divided into inner corridor type and unit type. The unit earth buildings are concentrated in Pinghe, Zhaoan, Yunxiao, Zhangpu, Hua'an and other counties of Zhangzhou city. The vast majority of unit earth building is a single bay as an independent unit. The "eryilou" and "nanyanglou" in Dadi village of Hua'an are multi Bay units. There are ten four Bay units, one five bay unit and one three bay unit around "eryilou". Each unit has a separate entrance, a small patio and a separate staircase, forming a private space. The central courtyard is surrounded by the ring building, which serves as a public space shared by many households in the building. According to the modern concept analysis, there is no doubt that it has the best space privacy level, suitable for living.

3. The best defense

In addition to the defensive measures of ordinary earth buildings, the "hidden corridor" on the fourth floor is also rare in Fujian. As far as we know, except Nanyang building, only the round building "Lianfang building" in Xiazhai of Pinghe county and the square building "Wushi building" in Guzhu township of Yongding County have similar peripheral corridors. "Hidden corridor" not only makes each independent unit connected, but also facilitates shooting rescue in defense, which is undoubtedly the most ideal defense design. In addition, the use of sewers as a backup escape is rare in Fujian Tulou.

4. The thickest exterior wall

The outer wall of Fujian Tulou is built with river pebbles or strips at the foot of the wall. Generally, the bottom wall is 1.1-1.5 meters thick. The outer wall of "eryilou" is built with granite block stone at the bottom. The wall is 2.5 meters thick, which is the thickest in Fujian.

5. The most scientific design

"Eryi building" is not only unique in overall layout, but also rare in other earth buildings. The door of 12 units around the gate is equipped with a "half door" outside the gate, which is not only protective but also conducive to ventilation, and each door cover is decorated with different wood carvings.

The zigzag "sound transmission hole" in the external wall is convenient for calling and defense, which is unique in Fujian Tulou.

On the second and third floor of each unit, there is a pick corridor, which is an ideal place for clothes drying and leisure.

In the corner of the hidden corridor on the fourth floor, a number of crossbars are set as a fixed ladder, which is convenient for climbing when the tile roof is repaired.

In addition, a hole is made in the wooden floor of the corridor floor in the unit. When the hole is opened, a transparent shaft is formed between several floors. The long timber used in maintenance construction can be easily sent to the fourth floor and roof through the hole. These humanized, meticulous and thoughtful designs are amazing.

6. Murals are the most abundant

"Eryilou" has preserved 600 square meters of murals from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, which is unique in China's dwellings! There are 226 murals and 228 colored paintings. The painting is full of mountain scenery, wild interest and life atmosphere, and exudes rich soil fragrance. It is a true portrayal of Tulou life and reflects the yearning and pursuit of Tulou people. Especially in such a remote mountainous area, we found decorative murals painted with foreigners, foreign languages and foreign bells. This obvious exotic color is called strange, which has become a strong witness of the marine cultural characteristics of Fujian folk houses.

7. Best preserved

Among the famous Tulou in Fujian, the "Zhencheng building" in Yongding County, whose "eight trigrams" style outer ring building, one of the trigrams was burned. The inner ring of Chengqi building was also seriously damaged, and it was only in recent years that it was repaired. The fourth floor compartments and waist eaves of the outer ring building of Shunyu building in Nanjing County have not yet been completed, and the inner ring building is only half built.

Among the large round earth buildings with a diameter of more than 70 meters in Fujian Province, "eryilou" is the best preserved one. From civil structural components to decorative murals, they have not been replaced. It can be said that the original state has been preserved, which is really rare.

8. The earliest national insurance company

"Eryilou" was first published in the ninth issue of Acta architecturae in 1988, which has attracted the attention of the academic circles. It was "discovered" and introduced much later than Yongding Tulou. However, "eryilou" has won the attention of many experts and scholars with its unique charm. In 1992, "eryilou" was first listed as a national cultural relic protection unit in Fujian Tulou.

Hua'an Tulou, represented by Er Yi Lou, embodies the traditional Chinese view of nature and is the most valuable example to explore the human-oriented livable environment.

The originator of unit residence

Qiyunlou, located in Daishan village, Shangping village, shajian Township, Hua'an County, is the oldest existing circular building in Fujian. It is located on the hill, flat oval. Unit layout. Most households have one bay, and only a few units have two or three bays. There is a gate facing south and a side gate facing east and West. The east gate is called "the gate of birth", from which weddings come and go; the west gate is called "the gate of death", from which funerals come and go. On the plaque of the main gate building, there is a stone inscription to mark the 18th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1590). It is obvious that it has been built for more than 400 years.

One of the earliest earthen buildings to be built is the Yide building in Zhangpu County. It was built in 1558, but it is a square earthen building. Among the most concentrated Tulou counties in Fujian Province, Yunxiao County and Zhao'an county have no Tulou built in the Ming Dynasty; Pinghe county has only one "Yan'an building" built in the 11th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, which is a square building; Nanjing County's "Gelao building" is probably built in the Ming Dynasty during the reign of Kangxi, which is also a square building; Zhangpu County has the most Tulou built in the Ming Dynasty, but all the buildings with accurate dating are square buildings. Throughout the province, there are only "Qiyun building" and "Shengping building" in Hua'an County with accurate chronology. Therefore, the first round Tulou to be built is Qiyun Lou, which has been proved by the chronology. Therefore, it is worthy of being called the "ancestor" of Fujian yuanlou.

As for the unit type round building, this kind of unit type residence, which modern architects are still exploring for development, appeared in Hua'an more than 400 years ago. It has become an important material for the study of traditional residential culture and folk custom in China.

The appearance is peculiar and rare

Located at 920 meters above sea level in yangzhujing village, Gaoche Township, Hua'an County, the "umbrella building" is another masterpiece of the round building in Fujian Province. It lives in seclusion on the top of a hill. It consists of two ring buildings

Chinese PinYin : Hua An Tu Lou