Hongshui River

Hongshui River

Hongshui River, the upper reaches of Xijiang River, the main stream of Pearl River System in China. In Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It originates from mahongshan, Zhanyi District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, and is called the Nanpanjiang River. It flows south to Kaiyuan and turns East. It reaches Wangmo county and meets the Beipanjiang River in the north, and is called the Hongshui River. Hongshui River is named for its red brown water color flowing through red sand shellfish. When it reaches Tiane County, it accepts the geconvex River and turns south into Guangxi. When it reaches Xingbin District of Laibin City, Shilong Town of Xiangzhou County joins Liujiang River and is renamed Qianjiang River. When it joins Yujiang River in Guiping City, it is called Xunjiang river. When Xunjiang River crosses Wuzhou, it is renamed Xijiang River.

General situation of main stream

Hongshui River is a main stream of Xijiang River system, 659 km long. The upstream is Nanpanjiang River, which originates from maxiongshan mountain, Zhanyi district (formerly Zhanyi County), Qujing City, Eastern Yunnan Province, with an altitude of more than 1500 meters. It flows from Yunnan to badahe Township in Xilin County of Guangxi and joins Qingshui River to form the boundary river between Yunnan and Guangxi. It flows northward along the border of Yunnan and Guangxi and joins Huangni River to form the boundary river between Guizhou and Guangxi. Then it flows along the northern border of Xilin County, Longlin county and Tianlin county (Autonomous County) of Guangxi and the western border of Leye County to reach Shuangjiangkou of Zhaxiang village in Wangmo County of Guizhou Province and joins Beipan River to form Hongshui River. Hongshui River flows through Leye, Tian'e, Nandan, Donglan, Dahua, Du'an, Mashan, Xincheng, Xingbin and other counties (autonomous counties) in Guangxi to Sanjiangkou, Shilong Town, Xiangzhou County. After the confluence with Liujiang River, it is called Qianjiang River.

In Leye County, it is the starting point of Hongshui River in Guangxi. At the boundary of Leye County, Wangmo county and Luodian County, Hongshui River enters into Tiane County, with a length of 51 km, a width of 150 m, a drop of 31 m and a gradient of 0.61 ‰.

In Tian'e County, Hongshui River, historically known as Wuni River, flows from Yangli Township, Luodian County, Guizhou Province from northwest to southeast into Xialao Township in the county, then flows through Lintan village and Niuchang village of Xiangyang town along the border of Guizhou and Guangxi, then passes through the hinterland along the fault strike to the south, and leaves from Long'an village through Liupai town and Bamu township. The length of Hongshui reach in the county is 111.5 km.

In Nandan county, Hongshui River enters from guwangtun, Wuai Township, via Tian'e county. After winding for 52.3 kilometers, it enters Donglan County via larentun, Dutian village, Wuai township. The river bed in the territory is rock peak with a width of about 200-300 meters. It can pass 70 tons of electromechanical boats in flood season.

In Donglan County, Hongshui River flows southward from banding village, Jingu Township, north of the county through Liulong village, Changjiang River, pola, Dongyuan, Aidong, Changle, Sannong, Sihe, Datong and other townships (towns), and flows into Du'an County in Pingyong village, Datong Township, Southeast of the county. It flows through the county with a length of 92 km.

In Xincheng County, Hongshui River enters from laliutun, Jiamai village, Jinchai Township, Mashan County in the northwest of the county, flows through Suiyi, Hongdu, Ningjiang, Xinwei, Guosui and other townships (towns), and flows into Heshan City from beilongtun, Guosui Township, with a flow length of about 56 km. The river bed is 350 meters wide and 150 meters wide, with a drainage area of 985 square kilometers. The maximum monthly average flow is 10100 cubic meters per second, the minimum monthly average flow is 321 cubic meters per second, and the annual runoff is 68.7 billion cubic meters. Water is abundant.

hydrographic features

Qianjiang station of Hongshui River has an average annual runoff of 69.6 billion cubic meters and an average runoff depth of 543.1 mm, which is one of the low value areas of runoff in Guangxi. During the flood season from April to September, the runoff is 54.4 billion cubic meters, accounting for 78.2% of the total annual runoff. The maximum runoff was 14.1 billion cubic meters in July, and the lowest runoff was only 1.26 billion cubic meters in March. The average sediment concentration of Qianjiang station is 0.67 kg / m3, and the erosion modulus is 316 T / km2; the sediment concentration of Tiane station is 0.91 kg / m3. The erosion modulus is 444 tons / km2, which is the highest sediment concentration River in Guangxi.

The interannual variation of runoff in Hongshui River is represented by Qianjiang station. There is a period of low water cycle from 1955 to 1963, and a period of high water cycle from 1964 to 1971. The low water cycle is lower than the average annual runoff of 69.6 billion cubic meters, while the high water cycle is higher than the average. From 1972 to 1979, the period of abundant water and low water appeared alternately; after 1979, except 1983 and 1986, the annual runoff was less than 69.6 billion cubic meters, which was the low water period. The most abundant year was 1968, with an annual runoff of 103 billion cubic meters; the least abundant year was 1989, with an annual runoff of 36.4 billion cubic meters. The difference between the wet and dry years is 66.6 billion cubic meters, which is 2.67 times of that in the worst years. The deviation between the wet and dry years is 48% and 45% respectively.

From the data of Qianjiang hydrological station (1954-1979), we can see that the average sediment concentration was 0.511 kg / m3 in 1954-1959, It is 23.7% lower than the annual average of 0.67 kg / m3, 2.2% lower than the annual average of 0.655 kg / m3 in the 1960s, and 6.3% higher than the annual average of 0.712 kg / m3 in the 1970s. In recent 30 years, the sediment concentration of Hongshui River has been increasing. In addition to the interannual variation of runoff, human activities, the reduction of vegetation coverage or the reclamation of steep slopes are the causes of accelerating soil erosion.

In Tian'e County, the annual average runoff of Hongshui River is 49.91 billion cubic meters, and the annual average runoff depth is 667.6 mm. The maximum discharge occurred on August 29, 1988, with a value of 16900 cubic meters per second, corresponding to a maximum water level of 240.82 meters (Tiane hydrological station is based on the Pearl River), which is the largest flood in 52 years since 1936; the minimum discharge occurred on May 3, 1963, with a value of 174 cubic meters per second, corresponding to a minimum water level of 212.04 meters, with a difference between the maximum and the minimum of 28.78 meters. The average annual discharge is 1580 cubic meters per second. In addition to the characteristics of large amount of water, the sediment concentration in summer flood peak period is large, and the maximum sediment concentration appeared on May 28, 1987, with a value of 25 mg / cm3; on September 13, 1988, the turbidity reached 4000 degrees, and the turbidity in summer was 1000 times higher than that in spring. During the flood peak period, dense tree trunks and scum hinder the river traffic. In addition, the riverbed of Hongshui River in the county is deeply cut. The average water surface width over the years is 110 meters, the maximum water surface width is 153 meters, the average water depth is 23.61 meters, the maximum water depth is 46.6 meters, the drop (from cexiang county to Tian'e County in Guizhou Province) is 74.94 meters, the average velocity is 0.90 meters per second, and the maximum velocity is 3.23 meters per second.

In Donglan County, the drainage area is 2415 square kilometers, the annual runoff is 55296 million cubic meters, the maximum flow is 16555 cubic meters per second, and the minimum flow is 1823 cubic meters per second. There are 16 dangerous beaches, including Liyu, Liulong, yaotan, dutianjiao, dashuaniu, Chongling, Ketong, napan, Chongji, LuHong, mohuang, motangjiao, buxianjiao, banwenjiao, datongjiao and poweisha. However, after liberation, water transportation was improved by dredging and eliminating dangers.

General situation of River Basin

The Hongshui River Basin in Guizhou Province is located at 106 ° 10 '- 107 ° 40' e and 24 ° 55 '- 26 ° 25' n. It is adjacent to Beipanjiang River in the west, Miaoling mountains in the north, Liujiang River in the East and Hongshui River in the south. The basin covers an area of 15948 square kilometers, including all or part of Wangmo, Luodian, Huishui, Changshun, Pingtang, Duyun, Guiyang, Yuyun, Anshun, guiding, Pingba, Dushan and other counties and cities.

The terrain of the basin is high in the north and low in the south, with an altitude of 900-1600 meters in the north and 230-300 meters in the south. Mountainous area accounts for 82% of the total area and hills account for 18%. The Hongshui River Basin in Guizhou Province is located in the slope of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, which is the paleoplanation surface in the mountain basin period. Due to the intermittent rise of the Quaternary crust and the development of water system, the plateau has been damaged by skin disintegration, and the landform presents sand shale erosion, high mountains and limestone peak cluster mountains and peak cluster funnel injection. The exposed strata include Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Paleogene, Quaternary, etc. the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic strata are the main ones, while other strata only occur in some areas. Limestone is widely distributed and karst developed. Most of the tributaries flow into the main stream after several sections of undercurrent, and most of them are karst well springs and peak forest depressions. Most of the river sections are concentrated in the drop of tens of meters to more than 100 meters, which is a superior river section for small and medium-sized hydropower development. Underground minerals include coal, barite, iron, sulfur, etc.

Guizhou Province has a population of 1.7881 million, mainly in foot agriculture, with an agricultural population of 1.5812 million. The area of cultivated land is 1963700 Mu and the area of farmland is 858600 mu. The degree of water conservancy is medium, with an effective irrigation area of 569300 Mu and a guaranteed irrigation area of 4318000 mu. The main crops are rice, corn, tobacco, rape and peanut. Hongshui River Valley has a subtropical climate, rich in subtropical fruits and vegetables. The average rainfall in this area is 12

Chinese PinYin : Hong Shui He