Huangshui River

Huangshui

synonym

Huangshui River generally refers to Huangshui River (an important tributary of the upper Yellow River)

Huangshui is an important tributary of the upper reaches of the Yellow River, located in the east of Qinghai Province, China. It originates from baohutu mountain in Haiyan County, Qinghai Province, and flows through the longitudinal valley between Datong Daban mountain and Laji mountain in Qinghai Province. It is a pinnate water system. It flows through Qinghai Province and Gansu Province, and flows into the Yellow River between Yongjing County of Gansu Province and Minhe County of Qinghai Province. It has a total length of 374 kilometers and a drainage area of more than 3200 square kilometers.

The Huangshui River Basin has bred splendid Majiayao, Qijia and kayo cultures, and raised about 60% of the population of Qinghai Province. It is known as the "mother river of Qinghai". The wide valley and pleasant climate in the Huangshui River Basin have bred the Millennium civilization of the plateau. Nearly 60% of the population, 52% of the cultivated land and more than 70% of the industrial and mining enterprises in Qinghai are concentrated in the long and narrow valley. As a result, Huangshui River is called the "Mother River" of Qinghai. It is one of the main water sources of the Yellow River, and also the main water source of Lanzhou city. The downstream river valley is wide and rich in water resources, and a large number of small and medium-sized hydropower stations are developed.

General situation of main stream

Trend of main stream

Huangshui River mainly flows through the northeast of Qinghai Province and the west of Lanzhou City in Gansu Province, and generally flows into the Yellow River from northwest to Southeast.

There are many rivers in the upper reaches of Huangshui River, which have two sources: the south source comes from the watershed of Qingyang mountain in the east of halakutu in the south of Huangyuan County, huiyaoshui and dongkeshui (the source of Baishui River comes from Yaoshui gorge), and flows into Xiyuan in Huangyuan county. Xiyuan originates from baohutu mountain in Haiyan County, and its source is baohutu River, also known as Mapisi river. Along the way, it gathers dozens of tributaries, and flows south to Hongshan village below Haiyan County, where it first receives harryjian river. Generally, the West source is the main source and the south source is the tributary. After two sources converged in Huangyuan County, it was named Huangshui. From xishixia to Duoba town of Huangzhong County, you enter Xining City, which is called Xichuan River, also known as boyanchuan river. To dalingganhui xinachuan river. It flows through Xiaoqiao area and receives Beichuan river. Huangshui River flows eastward through yunjiakou, Chengdong District, and receives shatangchuan River from the north of Huzhu Tu Autonomous County. Huangshui River passes through Pingan County and Ledu County, also known as Nianbo river. It flows through Xiangtang area of Minhe county and into Datong River (Haomen River). Finally, it flows into dajiachuan of Yongjing County of Gansu Province and flows into the Yellow River.

In Gansu Province, the main stream of Huangshui River flows eastward through Minhe County of Qinghai Province to Xihe township of Yongjing County, and becomes the boundary river of Honggu District between Yongjing County of Linxia Prefecture and Lanzhou city. The catchment area in Gansu Province is 1302 square kilometers, and the drainage area in Yongjing county is 315 square kilometers. The main stream in Gansu Province is 73 kilometers long, and Yongjing county is 30 kilometers long. It flows to dajiachuan of Jiaojia and Xigu District and flows into the Yellow River, with an average annual flow of 146.4 cubic meters The average annual runoff is 4.62 billion cubic meters, and the gradient of the river is 6.0%. The Yongxian canal and the Huanghui canal are located on both sides of the river.

Channel characteristics

The total length of the river is 374 km with an elevation of 4200 m at the headwaters and 1565 m at the estuaries. The main stream of the province is 73 km long with a drainage area of 32863 km2, with an average gradient of 0.44%.

The source of Huangshui River is called baohutu River, also known as Mapisi River, which originates from the west end of baohutu mountain. It flows south to east along the West foot of baohutu, passes through Haiyan County, turns south to East, and flows into dongdatan reservoir. This section of the river channel is wide, the riverbed is generally tens of meters, the river is clear, the main stream and all levels of tributaries constitute a dendritic water system.

After leaving dongdatan reservoir, it flows into Huangyuan basin through Bayan gorge, flows southeastward near Huangyuan County, passes through zhamalong gorge and enters Xining Basin, and then enters Daxia 3.6km below liucunwan in Ledu County through Xiaoxia. The wide valley of this section is the same as that of the gorge, with wide valley as the main channel. The river bed in the broad valley is generally 100-200 meters wide, and the widest near Xining city is about 300 meters, while the valley is only 30-50 meters wide. Yaoshui River, Xina River, Beichuan River, Heilin River and shatangchuan River, the major tributaries of Huangshui River (more than 50 km in length), all converge here. Beichuan river is the longest tributary of Huangshui River, Heilin river is the secondary tributary of Huangshui River, and there is a dendritic water system between the main and tributaries of Huangshui River.

Huangshui River flows out of Daxia, passing Ledu County, Laoya gorge, Minhe County, Minhe xiachuankou and Datong River, and then flows southeast to Minhe Shahewan village along Gansu Qinghai provincial boundary. This section flows through the long and narrow valley between Qingshiling and Lajishan. The river course is more tortuous. The riverbed is generally 100-200 meters, and the Laoyaxia section is only about 30 meters. The longest tributary yinshenggou is only 51.9 km, and there is a pinnate water system between the main stream and tributaries.

Huangshui, the territory of Ledu from the branch into a fan, all the way. In Ledu District Gaodian town Hongzhuang Village (Shangshui Mogou entrance) entry, altitude 2062 meters; in Laoya gorge Lianhuatai Lucaogou entrance exit, altitude 1825 meters, from west to east across Ledu. Ledu is located in the Huangshui Valley, with open valley, mild climate and fertile land, which is suitable for agricultural reclamation. It has a long history of irrigation from Huangshui. It has been known as the "hometown of fruits and vegetables" since ancient times, and is one of the earliest areas of agricultural development. According to the unearthed cultural relics of Majiayao culture in Liuwan, Ledu and other places along the Huangtai area, as early as the Neolithic age, the ancestors lived in this fertile land.

Main tributaries

The major tributaries (more than 50 km in length) of Huangshui River include Yaoshui River, Xina River, Beichuan River, Heilin River and shatangchuan River, all of which converge here. Beichuan river is the longest tributary of Huangshui River, and Heilin river is the secondary tributary of Huangshui River.

There is a dendritic water system between the main and tributaries of Huangshui. The wandering water flows out of Daxia, passing Ledu County, Laoya gorge, Minhe County, Minhe xiachuankou and Datong River, and then flows southeast to Minhe Shahewan village along Gansu Qinghai provincial boundary. This section flows through the long and narrow valley between Qingshiling and Lajishan. The river course is more tortuous. The riverbed is generally 100-200 meters, and the Laoyaxia section is only about 30 meters. Apart from Datong River, the tributaries of this section are relatively short, and yinshenggou, the longest tributary, is only 51.9 km long.

Yaoshui river originates from the root of Laji mountain 3 km above the entrance of chashiliugou in Huangyuan County, flows West to hacheng, turns north to tuergan, turns northeast to dongjiazhuang and enters Huangshui.

Datong River, a tributary of Huangshui River, is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, also known as Haomen river. In Song Dynasty, Datong River was named after the construction of Datong City on the riverside. In terms of length and flow, Datong River is the source of Huangshui River. It originates from the shagaolinnamujimuling mountain between tuolainan mountain and Datong mountain in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains in Muli, Haixi Prefecture. It flows eastward through Qilian and Menyuan basins, Liancheng and Yaojie in Gansu Province, between Nanshan Lenglongling and datongshan Dabanshan in the corridor, and into Huangshui at Xiangtang in Minhe County, with a total length of 554 km. Datong River system belongs to the Yellow River Basin, which is located in the northeast edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, between 36 ° 30 '- 38 ° 25' n and 98 ° 30 '- 103 ° 15' e. it is the first tributary of the Yellow River and the largest tributary of Huangshui River. Datong River originates from tuolenan mountain in Tianjun County, Qinghai Province, flows from northwest to southeast through Gangcha, Qilian, Haiyan, Menyuan, Huzhu, Ledu counties in Qinghai Province and Tianzhu and Yongdeng counties in Gansu Province, and finally flows into Huangshui River near Xiangtang village in Minhe County, Qinghai Province, and then into the yellow river. The shape of the river basin is a long and narrow strip. It is adjacent to Heihe and Shifeng river basins of Leshan and Lenglongling in the north, Datong mountain in the south, Daban mountain connected with Qinghai lake water system and Huangshui main stream area, and Zhuanglang River Basin across Pandaoling in the East. The total length of the main stream is 560.7 km, including 464.42 km of rivers in Qinghai Province, with an average gradient of 4.65%. The whole basin covers an area of 15130 square kilometers.

Harryjian River, also known as Mapisi river. The source is above halejing, Haiyan County. Huishen River, Lala River, Huangyuan County huiyaoshui river. Yaoshui river originates from the root of Laji mountain 3 km above the entrance of chashiliugou in Huangyuan County, flows West to hacheng, turns north to tuergan, turns northeast to dongjiazhuang and enters Huangshui.

The source of xinachuan river is at the junction of Datong, Haiyan and Huangyuan counties. Its upstream is also called shuixia river. It flows into Huangshui River through hongkeye, shuixia and shangwuzhuang.

Beichuan river is also called changningchuan river. Changningchuan was named after changningting in Han Dynasty and Changning County in Jin Dynasty. It was formerly known as sumulian river. It flows eastward 23 kilometers above the entrance of gangkeli River, and then passes Baoku and Xiamen to xiaoyeba to receive the Heilin River from the west, which is called Beichuan river. From the source to the entrance of Heilin River, also known as Baoku river. It flows through Qiaotou town of Datong County and into Dongxia river. The above three tributaries, namely Baoku River, Heilin River and Dongxia River, all originate from Daban mountain (Baoku river originates from the junction of Datong, Menyuan and Haiyan; Heilin river originates from Heilin fork of Tiemai Daban mountain at the junction of Datong and Haiyan; Dongxia river is located in the northeast of the county and originates from Daban mountain at the junction of Datong, Menyuan and Huzhu counties).

Nanchuan river is called Qilin River in the book of Jin. In the past, Qilin came to visit it, so it was named. Also known as niuxinchuan, there are niuxinducun Yan. Qingtanglu is called qingtangshui. There are two sources of Nanchuan River, the source of which is Huashan in Shangxinzhuang village, Huangzhong County. One is from Huangzhong County and YAOGOU gorge, and the other is from moshigou gorge, Huangzhong County.

Shatangchuan River, also known as Dongchuan river

Chinese PinYin : Huang Shui He