Neixiang County Government

Neixiang County Government

Neixiang County Yamen, located in the East Street of Neixiang County, is the official Yamen in ancient China, the first yamen Museum in China, and also a historical specimen of ancient official yamen architecture in China. Neixiang County Yamen is a feudal official yamen based on the Imperial Palace in Beijing and the architectural style of the north and south of the Yangtze River. It covers an area of more than 47000 square meters, with 18 courtyards and more than 260 houses. It is the only and most complete county-level official yamen preserved in feudal China, known as "the first Yamen in the world".

Neixiang County Yamen was built in 1304, the eighth year of Dade reign of Yuan Dynasty. After the renovation and expansion of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it gradually evolved into a group of large-scale and magnificent official yamen style buildings. It is praised by experts as "the unique historical specimen of China". It has the reputation of "imperial palace in the north, County Yamen in the South", "dragon head in Beijing, dragon tail in Neixiang".

On November 20, 1996, Neixiang County government was announced as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units; in 2002, Neixiang County government was rated as "the world's top ten museums of cultural diversity"; in 2006, Neixiang County government was named as the national AAAA scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

Historical evolution

Yuan Dynasty

At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, he began to serve as the administrative office of Neixiang County after the Southern Song Dynasty. Before that, he was the office of the inspection department of Zhuyang town. After the Yuan Dynasty was moved, it was founded in 1304, the eighth year of Chengzong Dade. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the County Department was determined and remained unchanged in the later times.

Ming Dynasty

In the early Ming Dynasty, the county government repaired the former site according to the state's order and rebuilt it on the ruins of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1374, the only time when the county magistrate was in office was the repair. Since then, Neixiang County Yamen had been rebuilt in 1451, and houtang was built in 1462. After 14 months of reconstruction, the county government "has a broad scale and a better system than before.".

The Qing Dynasty

During the change of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the county government was also affected by the war. In the early Qing Dynasty, the former site of "mang whoring" was gradually restored. In 1661, Zhang Fengyi, the magistrate of Shunzhi County, built the county office. In 1666, Ma Wanli, the magistrate of Kangxi County, built the hall, jieshifang, Yinbin Hotel and so on, with more than 300 houses. In 1680, the magistrate Gao Yiyong rebuilt the second Hall and the left and right rooms, and changed "Si bu" to "Qin Zhi". By the middle of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the restoration work was still in progress. Because the restoration made full use of the ruins left over by the Ming Dynasty, the layout of the Ming Dynasty continued in the early Qing Dynasty and was recorded by the chroniclers. Later, it was repaired in Jiaqing and Daoguang years. From then on to Xianfeng years, the layout of the Yamen office was built, including the ruins that were destroyed basically remained intact. On February 17, 1857, the Nien army attacked Neixiang from Hubei Province, and the county government was burned down. In the following 35 years, the county government was not restored, and it had been working in the Chayuan. In 1892, Zhang bingtao knew the affairs of Neixiang County. After nine years in office, he was able to concentrate on the construction. After two years of preparation, the construction of Neixiang County government was carried out in 1894. It took three years to restore and rebuild, and to preserve.

the Republic of China era

During the period of the Republic of China, Neixiang County government was the office of the highest administrative office of Neixiang County.

Modern situation

After the Republic of China to 1968, the old yamen was still used as the highest administrative organ of Neixiang County. After the relocation of Neixiang County Government in 1968, some functional departments continued to use it. In 1983, it was rediscovered as a "precious historical relic" in the general survey of cultural relics in Henan Province.

Before the end of 1985, the Cultural Bureau, the Education Bureau, the Judicial Bureau, the Public Security Bureau, the supply and marketing cooperatives and other institutions occupying the original hall, the second hall, the third hall and the wing rooms of each hall were relocated.

At the end of 1985, Neixiang County Qing government Museum, the earliest official Museum in China, was established. On November 20, 1996, Neixiang County government was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

In 1997, the people's Government of Neixiang County decided to restore the overall appearance of the county government. By the end of 1997, it had built Yin Hotel and back garden.

From the autumn of 1998 to the end of April 2000, 328 buildings surrounding the remains of the Yamen office were gradually demolished, and 116 buildings marked as Xiancheng yamen, ZHUBO yamen, Yimen, jieshifang, sanbanyuan, yashen, Yushen, Tudi temple and Lishe were successively built. The corridor was paved with stone strips, and the Zhaobi was rebuilt.

In 2012, the "government guided, market-oriented operation" mode was adopted to raise 690 million yuan to build the county government historical and cultural district around Neixiang County Government, and a tourism service industry cluster integrating tourism, shopping, accommodation, catering, leisure and entertainment has been initially formed.

On January 4, 2016, Baotianman ecological and cultural tourism area was included in the preliminary list of creating a national 5A scenic spot after being evaluated by the experts of the national tourism resources planning and development quality evaluation committee. The creation of Neixiang County Ya national 5A scenic spot entered the final 100 meter sprint stage.

On December 29, 2016, Henan Provincial Tourism Administration submitted the application evaluation report of Baotianman ecological and cultural tourism zone to the National Tourism Administration, and is waiting for the acceptance work of 5A level experts organized by the National Tourism Administration recently.

Architectural form

Construction scale

Neixiang County government was founded in 1304, the eighth year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Zhang bingtao (named Houfu, from Kuaiji, Zhejiang Province) was appointed to know about Neixiang County affairs and rebuilt the county government. After continuous expansion and repair, Neixiang County government covers an area of more than 47000 square meters, with 18 courtyards and more than 260 houses.

Architectural modeling

At that time, the building in front of Neixiang County Government Hall was required to be magnificent, the courtyard was clear and open, which symbolized the supremacy of the feudal regime, but the inner hall in the back was required to be deep and compact, so the East and the West were self-contained, each with its own palace gate and palace wall, which were arranged in a relative order.

architectural composition

Neixiang County government strictly follows the architectural rules of "facing south from the north, zuowenjouwu, qiantanghoudi, and gaojunan" in the Ming history and the Qing Huidian. They are respectively built in comparison with the Taihe, Zhonghe, Baohe halls of the Forbidden City in Beijing. At the same time, they are influenced by their geographical location and Zhang bingtao, a Zhejiang official from the Ministry of industry Style in one, the entire county government, in the architectural layout, with shape change, ups and downs of the technique, combined into a whole. In function, it conforms to the hierarchy of feudal society. At the same time, the artistic effect of left-right balance and shape change can be achieved.

On the central axis of Neixiang County Government, there are the main building gate, lobby, second hall, welcome hall and third hall. On both sides, there are courtyards and east-west accounting rooms. There are 6 groups of quadrangles and 85 houses, all of which were built in Qing Dynasty. The layout of the whole building is symmetrical, reasonable, compact, with clear primary and secondary, high and low, orderly and integrated.

The county government, as the representative of the feudal society, is the place where the county magistrate exercises power and where the officials work. The ruling class attached great importance to the establishment of the government offices and had certain regulations on the so-called idea of "the people are not governed by the government, the government is not promoted, and the government is not set up". The government offices in each province are the main hall and the second hall, with the gate and the instrument gate outside, the dining room and the group room, and the official office is the branch room ". According to the Architectural Regulations of the government offices in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the general layout of Neixiang County government offices is a spatial structure of "one center, three belts and two districts" along the central axis.

One heart

"One heart" is the hall. Taking thousand feet as the potential and hundred feet as the shape, we first set the central axis to set up the lobby, and then take the lobby as the center to expand other buildings from front to back, from left to right, so as to form a rigorous and orderly building complex.

Three belts

The "three belts" are the East auxiliary belt supplemented by Yin Hotel, yamen temple, Tudi temple, Zaozhuang Kuai Sanban gate, Dian Shi Ya, Jia Ge Ku, Xian Cheng Ya, Yin Ju and Donghua hall; the center belt dominated by Zhaobi, gate, Yimen, Da Tang, er Tang and San Tang; the west auxiliary belt supplemented by restaurant, prison, Cheng Fa Fang, Zhubo ya, tax depot and Xihua hall.

Zone 2

The "two districts" are the office areas mainly used for beating drums and pleading grievances, receiving guests, detaining prisoners, functional organizations, and hearing cases, and the residential areas mainly used for the collection and storage of archives, income and expenditure tax bank, office and living of county officials and county magistrate. Each district adopts courtyard type group layout, with large scale, strict hierarchy, and orderly master-slave.

The functional layout of Neixiang County Yamen is strictly in accordance with the regulations of local government offices, which is shown as follows: ① facing south, the main buildings of Neixiang County Yamen are distributed on the central axis, in a north-south symmetrical layout; ② left Wen and right Wu, the location of the six rooms in front of the lobby is arranged according to the three rooms on the left and right, which are respectively the East column: Li, Hu, Li and the West column: Bing, Xing and Gong, while the two rooms of Li (Wen) and Bing (Wu) are located at the same time (4) the former court and the latter court, namely the former Yamen and the latter Qiu, have clear functional divisions. The main hall and the second Hall of the county government are the place for the magistrate to exercise his power and pre-examine cases, while the third hall and the East West Flower hall after the second hall are the place for the magistrate to exercise his power

Chinese PinYin : Nei Xiang Xian Ya