Zhou shizongling

Qingling

synonym

Zhou Shizong mausoleum generally refers to Qingling Mausoleum (chairong Mausoleum of Later Zhou Shizong)

Qingling, the tomb of Chai Rong, the emperor of the late Zhou Dynasty, is located on the west side of Linghou village, Guodian Town, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. On June 20, 1963, the Qingling Mausoleum of Zhou Shizong was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Henan Province.

The construction of Qingling Mausoleum

About the owner of the tomb

Chai Rong (October 27, 921 - July 27, 959), the emperor of the late Zhou Dynasty, was in power for six years. Chai Jiazhuang, Yaoshan, Xingzhou (now Longyao County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province), is a local family. His grandfather Chai Weng and father Chai Shouli grew up in his uncle Guo Wei's family. Because of his prudence, Guo Wei adopted him as his adopted son. When he was young, he sold tea in Jiangling with the merchant Jiedi's family. He had some experience of the social evils. According to the historical records, he was good at riding and shooting, had a little knowledge of the history of books, and was calm and taciturn. In 951, after Guo Wei established the Zhou Dynasty, he appointed Chai Rong to govern Danzhou. His territory was "clean up for the government, and do not break the boundary.". In 954, Guo Wei died and Chai Rong became emperor.

During Chai Rong's reign, the whole army trained soldiers, eliminated the redundant and weak, appeased the exiles, reduced taxes, made the politics of the Later Zhou dynasty clear and the people rich, and the Central Plains began to recover. He fought in the South and North, defeated in the West and captured the four states of Qin, Feng, Cheng and Jie, destroyed the South Tang Dynasty and gained 14 states of Jiangbei and Huainan, and broke Qidan in the north and even conquered the two states. He fell ill and died shortly after taking Youzhou. He was only 39 years old. His temple name was Shizong and his posthumous title was Emperor ruiwu Xiaowen.

Introduction to Mausoleum

The Qingling Mausoleum of chairong is located on the west side of Linghou village, Guodian Town, Xinzheng City. On June 20, 1963, the Qingling Mausoleum of Zhou Shizong was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Henan Province. On June 25, 2001, it was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The tomb of Zhou Shizong is 10 meters high and 105 meters long. In the early Ming Dynasty, there was a square cemetery with brick walls around it, 200 meters long. The gate faces south, and there is a corridor in the courtyard, 3 meters wide and 80 meters long, which leads directly to the front of the tomb. Cypress trees are planted around the tomb. There is a square altar in front of the tomb. There are lots of Steles near the altar. During the period of the Republic of China, warlords scuffled and the cemetery was destroyed. On November 11, 2001, Xinzheng municipal government rebuilt the cemetery.

Chai Rong tomb refers to Chai Rong Mausoleum of Zhou Shizong, which was built for Chai Rong. The site of Chai Rong's tomb is near Guodian Town, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. The surrounding villages of chairong's Mausoleum are called lingshangcun, Linghou and Linggang villages respectively. The height of Qingling was 20 meters and the perimeter was 105 meters. In the early Ming Dynasty, the mausoleum was renovated. The gate and wall of the mausoleum were built, and the ancient cypresses were towering. The mausoleum was basically destroyed in the early years of the Republic of China. The tomb of Zhou Shizong is now ten meters high. It is about tens of meters in circumference, and there are obvious trampling marks on it. The East and west sides are eroded by houses and wheat fields respectively. There is no vestige of mausoleum wall and mausoleum gate. Only a locust tree stands alone on the sealed soil. Because the mausoleum was designated as a national cultural relic protection unit in 2001, the tomb monument "Zhou Shizong mausoleum" erected by Xinzheng municipal government at the end of this year was erected in front of the mound, and some cypress trees were planted. After the stele, there are more than 30 steles left by emperors, officials and literati, all of which praise Zhou Shizong's achievements, and some ancient steles are scattered in front of the mausoleum.

Chairong tomb, like Dadu cemetery in the Later Zhou Dynasty, did not occupy much space, nor did it have luxury and empty expenses. All these show that the monarch in the Later Zhou Dynasty paid attention to the people's livelihood and was frugal and simple. Although the mausoleum is relatively small, both the great event mausoleum and the memorial tablets set up in the mausoleum have high historical value, which is also a strong proof of the mausoleum of the Later Zhou Dynasty. The number of inscriptions is about 28, which is an amazing number.

Chai Rong is also a very strong person in both Hecai and Huahua. After he took office and ascended the throne, Chai Rong worked hard, reorganized the army, and made important contributions to the expansion of the country's territory. During the cultural revolution, many inscriptions in the cemetery were attacked. The original number is 44, and now only 33 are left. The earliest time was in Xuanzong period of Ming Dynasty, and the latest was in Xuantong period of Qing Dynasty. The construction of Chai Rong's tomb is of far-reaching significance to later generations.

Zhou Shizong and Chai Rong

In his early years of business, he abandoned his pen and joined the army

Chai Rong's grandfather, Chai Weng, and his father, Chai Shouli, are well-known local rich people. When his family is in decline, young Chai Rong goes to marry Guo Wei's aunt. Chai Rong's aunt was once elected to the palace of Zhuangzong in the later Tang Dynasty. Later, it happened that Zhuangzong was killed in the mutiny in April of the first year of Tiancheng (926 AD). Li Siyuan, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, came to power in a coup and dismissed Zhuangzong's palace. On her way home, Chai Rong met Guo Jiaque, the later Taizu of the Zhou Dynasty, Guo Wei, and married Guo Wei with his severance money Wei. Chai Rongsheng was sincere and generous. He helped Guo Wei deal with all kinds of affairs. He was deeply loved by Guo Wei and was accepted as an adopted son. At that time, Guo Wei's family was not rich. In order to support his family, Chai Rong went out to do business, did tea business, and traveled to Jiangling and other places. During this period, he learned riding and shooting, developed martial arts, and read a lot of history books and Huang Lao's works. At the age of 27, he abandoned business and joined the army with Guo Wei. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Guo Wei took zuominggong as the Deputy privy envoy, and Chai Rong was appointed as the guard General of the left prison. Guo Wei was left behind in yedU (today's northeast of Daming, Hebei Province), privy envoy, and governor of Tianxiong army. Chai Rong was appointed commander of Tianxiong, governor of Guizhou Province, and right servant of Jianxiao. In the third year of Qianyou (950) of the later Han Dynasty, all the relatives of Guo Wei and Chai Rong who lived in Kaifeng, Kyoto, were killed by Emperor Yin of the Han Dynasty. Guo Wei angrily set up an army to kill Kaifeng in the name of Qing emperor. Chai Rong was ordered to stay in yedU and preside over yedU affairs. After the establishment of the late Zhou Dynasty, Chai Rongxuan, as the prince, paid homage to the governor of Danzhou (now Puyang, Henan Province), the censor of Taibao and the Marquis of Taiyuan. During his tenure in Danzhou, Chai Rong said, "clean up the government, and do not steal." The officials and the people depend on it. " Later, he was appointed king of Jin and Yin of Kaifeng. In the first year of Xiande (954), Guo Wei, Taizu of Zhou Dynasty, died. According to his will, chairong, king of Jin Dynasty, became emperor in front of the coffin.

New deal of reform

Chai Rong, a young and energetic Zhou Shizong, is ambitious and determined to do a great job in accordance with his adoptive father's will. After he ascended the throne, he set up a 30-year ambition: "ten years to expand the world, ten years to raise the people, ten years to peace." Afterwards, Chai Rong worked hard and took a series of reform measures, which was conducive to recuperation. In the aspect of culture, we should employ literary talents, implement the examination system, and attach importance to the national collection of books and cultural construction. He visited the historical museum many times to inspect the collection of books. Seeing that there were too few books in the collection, he issued an imperial edict to adopt an incentive policy and appointed all those who offered books to give them preferential gifts. We collected and collated 30 Chang Shen Guan to collate, correct and copy the collected books, and ordered them to sign the title of collation at the end of the book. It laid a foundation for the national collection of books in the Later Zhou Dynasty. In the political aspect, he broke the rules, selected talents to improve work efficiency, punished corrupt officials severely without favoritism, and revised the law to complete the Five Dynasties famous Da Zhou punishment system. In the aspect of economy, we should pay attention to reducing taxes, lightening the burden of the people, appeasing the scattered farmers, developing agricultural production, harnessing the bianshui River, making it five feet wide, flowing into liangshanbo and connecting with the water, expanding Kaifeng for three years, making it a spectacular capital with smooth shipping and merchants gathering 48 miles around the new city. We should strengthen the management of temples, destroy bronze Buddha statues, cast money, abolish more than 30000 temples, and let 600000 false monks return to the secular life, so as to promote commercial development and increase national income. Chai Rong was cautious in his work and humbly asked for advice. He sincerely issued a special imperial edict to ask the officials to write as much as possible. He also asked more than 20 academicians to write two articles: "it's not easy to be a king but a minister" and "pingbiance". This kind of proposition is rarely seen in history to ask many courtiers for the policy of governing the country, and he is by no means sensationalist, just pretending. After carefully reading the minister's suggestion, he readily adopted the Minister Wang Pu's proposition of "easy before difficult" in "Pingbian strategy", so as to formulate a unified plan and put it into practice. Chai Rong is the first to set an example in everything, and even does everything himself. He personally led the army five times, each time personally, fighting in the front line. On one occasion, Chai Rong and his army planned to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty by waterway, but there was a section of the river that could not be dredged. The general reported that once the river was dredged, the river would inevitably pour back, so the construction could not be carried out safely. Chai Rongqin went to see it. A few days later, he handed down a written instruction. He even had a detailed construction method. According to the law, the craftsmen dredged the river safely, and the army was able to March.

To unify the whole country

Soon after Chai Rong succeeded to the throne, he began to implement the plan of unifying the whole country. In March of the second year of Xiande (955), Chai Rong sent troops to invade houshu, defeated Shubing, and captured more than 300 generals. In November, he captured 5000 Shubing and captured Fengzhou Jiedu envoy Wang Huan alive, which occupied Qinzhou (now Tianshui, Gansu), Jiezhou (now wududong, Gansu), Chengzhou (now Chengxian, Gansu) and Fengzhou (now Fengxian, Shaanxi). In October of the same year, Chai Rong of Zhou Shizong ordered Li Gu to lead a 12 member general to invade the Southern Tang Dynasty. He once conquered Shuzhou, Qizhou, Hezhou and other places, and was later recovered by the Southern Tang Dynasty. In the first month of the fourth year of Xiande (957), Li Chong led the army of the Later Zhou Dynasty to besiege Shouzhou of the Southern Tang Dynasty (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). After several months of defeat, Zhou Shizong personally led the army to the South and annihilated 5000 Tang troops. In March, Zhou Shizong commanded the army to attack Shouzhou and forced the army to fight

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Shi Zong Ling