Qingyuan corridor bridge

The corridor bridge has a strong influence in the history of bridge construction in the world. Gallery bridge, also known as roof bridge and wind rain bridge, is a special bridge formed by building Gallery House on the bridge deck. It can be divided into wood arch, flat beam and stone arch. Among them, the wooden arch bridge is the most technical category in Chinese traditional wooden bridges, and it is also a unique category in the history of bridges in the world, so it is known as the "living fossil" of the bridge.

Among the green mountains and beautiful waters in Lishui, after thousands of years of wind and rain, there are still 134 covered bridges, including 40 wooden arch covered bridges, accounting for about half of the total number in the country.

Among them, there are 88 existing corridor bridges in Qingyuan. According to the research of experts, Qingyuan wooden arch bridge not only has the largest number, the longest history and the most consistent historical evolution in China, but also has the longest life span, the largest single arch span and the largest number of corridor houses in Qingyuan, which can be called one of the best in the world. Qingyuan enjoys the reputation of "Corridor Bridge Museum".

Qingyuan corridor bridge

Qingyuan corridor bridge not only has the largest number, the longest history and the most consistent historical evolution in China, but also has the longest service life, the longest single hole corridor house and the largest single hole span of wooden arch bridges in Qingyuan, which can be called a unique one in the world. The corridor bridge is like a house inlaid among the mountains, silent and dreamy. They are carved with stone as beams, stacked with wood as arches, or across cliffs, or lying on the green waves of streams, which are integrated with the surrounding green mountains and waters to form a beautiful picture.

General situation of corridor bridge

Corridor bridge, also known as fengwugong bridge and XiaGu bridge, is a special bridge built on the bridge deck. According to the structure and materials of the bridge, there are wooden arch bridge, wooden brace bridge, wooden flat beam bridge and stone arch bridge.

Among them, the wooden arch bridge (also known as the magpie nest bridge) is not only the most technical category of Chinese traditional wooden bridges, but also the unique category in the history of bridges in the world. Now few of them can survive in China, only found in Lishui, Wenzhou, Nanping and Ningde in Southern Zhejiang and Northern Fujian.

Historical evolution

According to the Guangxu edition of Qingyuan county annals, there were more than 230 corridor bridges built since the Song Dynasty in Qingyuan. There are more than 100 bridges in Qingyuan.

There are many wooden arch bridges in Qingyuan, such as long bridge, Lanxi bridge, Huangshui bridge and Daji shuangmen bridge.

The history of wooden arch bridges in Qingyuan is the most consistent. Wooden arch bridges built in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are distributed in Qingyuan.

Structural characteristics

Qingyuan wooden arch bridge is a wonderful work of classical architectural art with scientific structure and beautiful shape.

Wood arch part, with dozens of thick logs, crisscross into arch, shaped like "magpie nest". The whole arch frame does not need one nail and one rivet. The "eight" shaped mortise and tenon structure system has the function of compression resistance and lateral displacement resistance.

In the connection part between the wooden arch and the Gallery House, four "general columns" (also called Tianmen columns) at both ends of the bridge are used to pad wood from the bottom of the wooden arch to the top of the Gallery House, so that the Gallery House and the wooden arch are integrated, and the center of gravity moves down to the bottom to stabilize the center of gravity.

On the bridge deck, RUOYE, charcoal, sand and stone are successively paved on the deck, and cobble or fragrant cake brick is finally laid, which has the functions of ventilation, air dispersion and anti-corrosion.

The shape of the bridge house is a great collection of buildings, including corridors, buildings, pavilions, halls and pavilions. There are dragon and Phoenix in smallpox, eight trigrams in Zhongliang, carved beams and painted buildings. Windows of various geometric patterns are set on the wind deflector, and the natural scenery outside the corridor forms natural fan paintings, vase paintings, peach Fu paintings, and moon palace paintings, which are exquisite.

Process characteristics

Qingyuan corridor bridge not only has exquisite workmanship, but also has extensive functions and profound cultural connotation. In addition to the transportation that people usually need for food, clothing, housing and transportation, it is also closely related to ecological environment protection, leisure and entertainment, culture, Fu, calligraphy and painting, folk sacrifice and so on.

Ancient architecture pays attention to geomantic omen, and puts the construction of corridor bridge in a crucial position. Generally, it is located at the end of the village. In order to "remedy Fengshui", the ancestors of Qingyuan took the construction of corridor bridge as the first choice. The temple was attached with Cryptomeria fortunei, Taxus chinensis, pine, cypress and weeping willow, which set off each other like a screen, making the whole village form an Eight Trigram shaped circular unit landscape. People's psychological pursuit of pursuing good fortune and avoiding evil has formed a good atmosphere for villagers to build covered bridges and consciously protect covered bridges and Fengshui forests.

Qingyuan corridor bridge is an important place for social entertainment. Qingyuan corridor bridge with its unique style, across the stream valley, facilitates the communication between villagers, promotes the connection between villages, and communicates with the outside world. People rest and chat on the corridor bridge, shelter from the wind and rain, enjoy the cool in the summer, party and trade, and the strong local flavor is leisurely placed between the green mountains and green waters. For many generations, people and bridges have played harmonious notes.

Cultural connotation

Qingyuan corridor bridge has a profound cultural heritage. Corridor bridge is a special place to show the economic strength, cultural taste and cultural landscape of a place, which has always been loved by literati. All kinds of bridge records, inscriptions, couplets, poems, carvings, gallery paintings and calligraphy are all available and colorful. There are many beautiful folk stories in Qingyuan corridor bridge. The stories of teaching metaphors, love stories, geomantic omen stories and interesting stories about emperors and immortals are widely spread.

Corridor bridge is also an important place for people to sacrifice. The combination of corridor bridge with Buddhist temple, Taoist temple and social hall is also a major feature of Qingyuan corridor bridge. There are many shrines in the middle of the bridge, most of which are dedicated to Guanyin, golden maidens, local gods, such as Mrs. Chen, Mrs. Ma, the Duke of land and the owner of the society. The corridor bridge has become a place for the villagers to place their good wishes, either to protect their health, or to seek wealth and longevity, or to seek sons and daughters, or to seek fame. The shrines and sacrificial activities on the bridge add a bit of mystery to the ancient corridor bridge.

Qingyuan corridor bridge is also a revolutionary history. From 1933 to 1949, the advance team of the Red Army going north to resist Japanese aggression, the advancing division of the Red Army, the East Fujian independent division, the North Fujian independent division and so on had frequent activities in Qingyuan. The footprints of the revolutionary predecessors walked all over the ancient corridor bridges of Qingyuan, giving Qingyuan corridor bridges the charm of red. Zhukou Houkeng bridge was also known as "Red Army Bridge" because of a battle between the Red Army and the enemy.

Qingyuan corridor bridge belongs to the commonality of the people since it was born, and its commonality is incomparable to any classical architecture. It is a kind of humanized classical architecture. The vast majority of the funds for bridge construction and maintenance are mainly fund-raising, followed by family and private construction, supplemented by government and private assistance.

Qingyuan corridor bridge is the crystallization of the practice and wisdom of the ancient working people in Qingyuan, which has high scientific, cultural, historical and artistic value. Qingyuan corridor bridge is not only the precious wealth of Qingyuan people, but also the precious world cultural heritage.

Langqiao culture

Qingyuan gallery bridge Museum, China

Qingyuan gallery bridge Museum adopts the architectural concept of "bridge and Museum in one" to interpret the gallery bridge culture. Its appearance is simple and elegant, with a total area of about 2060 square meters. With the theme of gallery bridge, the museum interprets the culture of gallery bridge from the aspects of history, art, nature, humanities and protection. It integrates collection, exhibition, education and research, which is of great significance to the integration, innovation and promotion of the traditional culture of gallery bridge.

In order to give visitors a more authentic experience, Qingyuan gallery bridge Museum of China has used multimedia high-tech means such as fantasy film, 3D animation and infrared sensor in its exhibition, and also made a certain number of gallery bridge models for visitors to visit. This measure not only reflects Qingyuan's exquisite craftsmanship in the construction of wooden bridges, but also combines the display of physical materials with modern means of art display, which is an all-round display level of the gallery bridge Museum.

It is reported that Qingyuan County is located at the junction of Zhejiang and Fujian, with beautiful mountains and rivers and pleasant climate. It is the county with the largest number and concentration of existing ancient bridges in China, known as "Natural Museum of ancient bridges" and "hometown of bridges". The longest existing bridges in China are Rulong bridge, Huangshui bridge, Lanxi bridge, shuangmen bridge, Futian bridge and Mengzhou bridge.

The charm of Qingyuan corridor bridge culture lies not only in its exquisite skills, but also in the close relationship between Qingyuan corridor bridge and local people: in addition to daily traffic, it also affects people's leisure and entertainment, folk sacrifice, classical architecture and so on.

The corridor bridge in Qingyuan is of great value in science, culture and art. He is like a thread, linking up the history of Qingyuan. At the same time, the corridor bridges of Qingyuan are also bright pearls in history.

Protection history

In recent years, Qingyuan County has continuously increased the protection, development and publicity of the covered bridges.

More than 20 bridges have been listed as national, provincial and county-level cultural protection units;

In 2004, the leading group for rescue and protection of wooden arch bridges and the Association for protection and development of ancient bridges were established, and the general survey of bridges was carried out;

In 2004 and 2007, the county government signed the letters of responsibility for the protection of corridor bridges with Township departments twice;

In 2004, Qingyuan County held a seminar on the protection and development of wood arcade bridges in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, and signed a joint agreement with relevant counties and cities on the development of wood arcade bridges in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces

Chinese PinYin : Qing Yuan Lang Qiao