The site of Hailaer fortress of Japanese invaders in China

The site of Hailaer fortress of Japanese invaders in China

This is the defensive position built by the Japanese Kwantung Army to attack the Soviet Union. It is composed of five main positions and four auxiliary positions, with Aobao mountain and Beishan Mountain positions as the main body. The total area of various remaining fortifications is more than 10000 square meters, the total length of underground passage is about 4000 meters, and there are more than 50 rooms of various types. It is the largest and best preserved site of its kind in China. Hailaer fortress is a fortress built by labor's blood, tears and life. Now it is a key cultural relic protection unit of the autonomous region, the most important patriotic education base of Hulunbeier City, and a unique tourism resource of Hailaer district. It is also the tourism resource with the most ornamental value and development value among the existing scenic spots. It has been renamed Hailar Memorial Park of the world anti fascist war.

brief introduction

Beishan site of Hailar fortress is located at the foot of Aobao mountain in the north of Gongren new village in Hailar City. Hailar fortress, also known as Hailar fortification area, is one of the largest two military fortifications (the other is Dongning fortress in Heilongjiang Province) set up by Japanese Guandong army to attack the Soviet Union on the northeast border of China. Hailaer city has a prominent terrain in the west, North and East, and Aobao mountain in the north is the commanding height of the city. Taking each resistance hub as the main defensive position and the auxiliary positions set up in the high ground between the resistance hubs as the coordination, a tight defensive system is formed as a whole. Hailaer fortress of Japanese invaders in China is mainly composed of Aobao mountain and Beishan Mountain. It is composed of two parts: the ground and the underground. The underground works are 12 to 17 meters away from the ground and are built by underground excavation

Architectural structure

The site of Hailar fortress of Japanese invaders to China is located on the northern mountain of Hailar City, 2 kilometers away from the city. It is one of the largest two of the 15 military fortifications set up by the Japanese Kwantung Army to attack the former Soviet Union in the period of 1934-1939 during the Second World War. It started construction in June 1934 and was completed at the end of 1937. It has a history of 70 years now. There are five main positions and four auxiliary positions in Hailaer fortress site. Among them, the Beishan site is the largest and best preserved one of the existing Japanese fortress sites in China. It is the most complex, large-scale and well-equipped circular defense position of the ground and underground engineering. It is the command center of the whole military fortification. The headquarters of the 80th mixed brigade and regiment of the Japanese Kanto army is located here. It was once called "the Maginot line of defense in the East" by military experts at that time. The site covers an area of 21 square kilometers and is now open for 3 square kilometers. The underground fortifications of the site are 17-21 meters deep. At present, all kinds of fortifications have been surveyed, with a total area of 10000 square meters. The underground passage is more than 4000 meters, with an area of more than 5000 square meters. There are more than 50 rooms, all of which are reinforced concrete structures. The fortification was underground at that time, which could fully guarantee the basic living and combat supply. The Soviet field reporters called it "underground city". There are more than 30 reinforced concrete structures in the ground. There are also shelter, observation post and command post of reinforced concrete structure, mortar, artillery position and anti tank trench, etc.

military base

Hailaer fortress of Japanese invaders in China is a military fortification with Aobao mountain and Beishan Mountain as the main body. It is composed of two parts, which are connected above ground and underground. The underground fortification is 12-17 meters from the ground. It is built by underground tunneling. Each resistance hub has several fire support points. Many steel and concrete permanent firepower points, command posts and observation posts, as well as howitzer, mountain artillery, infantry artillery and mortar firing positions, as well as reinforced concrete shelter, reinforced concrete cover works and blockhouses were built. Firepower support points are mostly built on high ground and combined with local obstacles to form a ring defense. The firepower points on each highland are configured in multiple levels, which can support each other with firepower. Each resistance hub and support point has several barriers, and mines are laid in some sections. The construction of several trenches and open-air gun bases around the permanent firepower points and main fortifications can not only make up for the firepower system of the permanent fortifications, but also support and protect the permanent fortifications from attack and blockade. Most of the permanent firepower points are connected with underground works by secret passages. The headquarters of the Japanese Kwantung Army paid special attention to the defense of tanks in the construction of fortifications, built a large number of obstacles to prevent tanks, and built anti tank trenches more than 10 meters wide and more than 4 meters deep. Each resistance hub is connected with underground telephone lines and has a strong communication and command system.

What to watch

Among the similar sites in China, Beishan position is the most complex, largest, most complete and well preserved circular defense position, and also the command center of Hailaer defense area. At present, some underground works are open to tourists. The site of Hailaer fortress is a true record of the history of Japanese militarism invading China and the resistance struggle of Chinese people of all ethnic groups. It is also the history of Chinese labor building fortifications. It is the most important way to educate the masses not to forget national humiliation and love China

Education base

At the entrance of a fortress built after liberation, people go underground to this "hell on earth". The original entrance has been destroyed by the Soviet Red Army. To enter the underground works tens of meters deep, people need to wear cotton padded clothes. It's dark and humid here. The air is full of suffocating smell of mildew and rot. it's too dark to take a good picture. Inside Hailar fortress, there are headquarters, hospital, telecommunication room, kitchen, dormitory, shooting hole and shelter, ventilation hole, etc. it is said that the longest section has a total length of more than 5000 meters. But after walking only 200 meters, people already feel suffocated. So I started to walk towards the exit. Tourists see a lot of objects here: weapons, tools, etc. The remains of Chinese laborers in the glass cabinet are shocking to us. The abominable Japanese aggressors took a large number of poor peasants from the northeast, Hebei, Shandong and other places as laborers to build these underground fortresses. As a result, they all entered the tiger's den, where they could not eat enough and their clothes could not cover their bodies. Throughout the year, they worked hard for more than ten hours under the whip of the Japanese aggressors every day. Countless people died of exhaustion, death, starvation and death. Their bodies were transported by Japanese military vehicles to the sand between Beishan and Aobao mountain for burial. This is Hailar's "mass grave". At the end of the project, in order to keep secret, the Japanese army put the workers together with iron wire in batches, shot and buried them alive. In front of the photo of Zhang Yufu, the only Chinese worker who escaped from the construction of Hailar fortress, everyone's steps were nailed. According to the introduction, he could not bear the oppression of the Japanese army. In one night, he climbed seven barbed wire and escaped from the tiger's mouth black and blue. "Hailaer fortress is a fortress built by labors' blood, tears and life", and Zhang Yufu is a living witness! During the construction of 17 Japanese fortresses in Northeast China, how many Chinese laborers died and how many "mass graves" were there? No one can tell. This deep hatred, we can never forget! The breakup of the Hailar fortress by the Japanese invaders is an important chain in the world anti fascist war. In order to fulfill the agreement of the Yalta meeting of the heads of state of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union in February 1945, after midnight on August 9, 1945, the "Manchuria campaign" of the 36 group army of the Soviet army against the Japanese army was launched in an all-round way. On the 12th, the Soviet army fought a decisive battle against nearly 7000 Japanese troops who were guarding Hailar fortress. On the 16th, 3827 people were captured and more than 3000 people were killed. Completely destroyed this underground grotto. The Red Army of the Soviet Union paid a huge price in the battle of capturing Hailar, and many heroic deeds emerged. On Xiaogu mountain in the eastern suburb of Hailar, there are 24 joint tombs of Soviet martyrs. The list of martyrs indicates that there are about 1130 Soviet martyrs headed by pushkarev. Every year, a large number of Chinese and Russians come here to commemorate the martyrs. Ah, Li Ming is quiet here. The Chinese people will always remember these anti fascist heroes! After visiting the site of Hailaer fortress of Japanese invaders in China, people can't be calm. Looking at the "mass grave" in the distance, the boundless Hulunbeier Grassland and dense woods, the rolling waves of Hulun River, and today's prosperous Hailar are telling more people: don't forget, don't forget!

Address: Beishan, Hailar District, Hulunbuir city (in Hailar memorial garden of world anti fascist war)

Longitude: 119.71874428836

Latitude: 49.240153995251

Ticket information: market price: 50.0 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Qin Hua Ri Jun1 Hai La Er Yao Sai Yi Zhi