Chanyuan Temple

Chanyuan Temple

Chanyuan temple, located at the south foot of West Tianmu Mountain in Lin'an City, Zhejiang Province, is one of the famous temples in Zhejiang Province. There are many eminent monks in Chanyuan temple. It is said that the legal system belongs to linjizong, which is widely spread in Japan.

During the Anti Japanese War, it was the location of No.1 Middle School in Zhejiang Province. Zhejiang University moved in and once stayed here temporarily.

brief introduction

Surrounded by mountains, the scenery is very elegant. There are many eminent monks in the past dynasties, and the legal system is linjizong, which is widely spread in Japan. During the Anti Japanese War, it was the location of No.1 Middle School in Zhejiang Province. Zhejiang University moved in and once stayed here temporarily. On April 15, 1941, when the Japanese bombed the main hall and the east wing of the temple, the temple became deserted.

Related information

Tianmu Mountain is named "Fuyu", also known as "Tianyan". Because there are two lakes on the mountain, it is called "left and right eyes" and "Longyuan". "Taiping Huanyu Ji" says, "Tianmu Mountain is 3900 Zhang high and 550 Li wide. At the beginning of Tianmu Mountain Buddhism, Master Zhu fakuang of the Jin Dynasty and the famous scholar Xie an of the Eastern Jin Dynasty came to "show respect" when he was the prefect of Wuxing; Emperor Jianwen sent the prefect of Tangyi to "ask about daily life"; Emperor Xiaowu "asked to come to Beijing and do things according to the teacher's etiquette.". Master Huilin, a famous monk of the Tang Dynasty, has been in heaven for more than 20 years. He teaches monks and disciples, and the famous poet Bai Juyi "goes to the court to inquire about the Buddhist doctrine.". After experiencing the Huichang Dharma calamity of Tang Dynasty, Zen master Hong "regained his monk's clothes in the early years of Dazhong. When Qian Xuan, the king of Wu and Yue, was young and "enlisted in the army", Hong once said to him, "good self-respect is very expensive in the future. Buddhism should be the main method. When Qian was a nomad in Hangzhou, he "knelt down at the sight of the Buddha", which had a lot to do with the worship of Buddhism after the founding of the people's Republic of Wu and Yue. In the Song Dynasty, there was a Zen master named menhuikai who once lived at the foot of lotus peak in Tianmu.

Human history

In the spring of 1279, an eminent monk of the Yuan Dynasty, Zen master Gaofeng "built the shoulder of the West peak of Tianmu straight, and there was shiziyan stretching thousands of miles from the ground, and there were lots of rocks." therefore, "the end of the rock was made of stone, lingering in the small room like a boat," and "bangyue dead pass.". He has the language of "three passes" to test scholars. He says, "you can't come into the dead pass, you can't go out of the dead pass. Iron snake into the sea, hit Xumi mountain. His poetry style is high and ancient, and the poem "yongguanshan" says, "a mountain is high and abrupt, a hundred miles to the city, the old emerald trees are hanging in the clear dawn, and the flowers are full of spring. The river is full of tides, the clouds are broken and the moon is fresh. How many people are there in the forest? Its neck couplets "jiangkong" and "yunpo" have the lingering charm of Mojie. Then there was Zen master Zhongfeng, who was born in Qiantang. He read the Analects of Confucius and Mencius when he was young. He became a monk in the 15th year and shaved in the lion house from the peak. Gao Feng praised him as "a new bamboo tree on the pole, which will not be easy to grow in the future.". During the period of Dade, Zhao Zi'ang, a famous calligrapher, took monk Zhongfeng as his master, and Renzong of Yuan Dynasty once gave him the title of "Dharma wisdom Zen master". It was destroyed by soldiers at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In the first year of Hongxi of Ming Dynasty (1425), monk zhiao rebuilt the temple. He was his first disciple, and then monk zhaokong established the temple. Xuande ten years (1435) to build the main hall. In the first year of Zhengtong (1436), monk Huicheng made a large Buddha and painted a shadow wall. He also made a bronze statue of Guanyin, the third Buddha, Luohan and zhutianjialan. The mountain gate, sengtang and Qitang tripod were newly built, which were resplendent in gold and green. At the end of Ming Dynasty, it was destroyed by soldiers. In 1665, the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the national master Yulin Tongxiu revived the Taoist temple and restored it to the jungle. In 1733, Emperor Shizong wrote "Zen source Temple" and hung it in the temple of heavenly king. When the Mountain Gate enters, there are Tianwang hall and Weituo hall in the interior; upper hall and guest building in the East; Yunshui building and Zun guest room in the West; Daxiong hall in the middle, pharmacist hall in the East, ring hall and inner guest hall in the West; after Daxiong hall, there are Dharma hall, Yushu building and Hanhui building. In the east of the main hall, there are Abbot's room, Zhuoyuan hall, Dabei Pavilion and dizang hall; in the west, there are Abbot's room, Zen hall, mengtang and Jietang. The original 16 courtyard, all immersed in Zen source temple. In 1751, Emperor Qianlong visited the south for the first time and gave a volume of Heart Sutra to the emperor. In 1784, Emperor Qianlong visited the south for the sixth time and granted two volumes of wuliangshoujing. In 1793, the Weituo hall was rebuilt. In jiaqingjian (1796-1820), monk Xiuzhou rebuilt the temple. In 1860, the temple was destroyed by soldiers. Only the hall of pharmacist was left (1865). In qianxuanling, monk Wuzhen visited the temple and lived in Chanyuan temple. Twelve years later, the main hall was rebuilt. In 1879, monk Dinghui raised money to build a Buddhist temple; in 1879, monk Dinghui raised money to build a Dharma temple; and in 1879, he rebuilt the abbot. In the 15th year, Emperor Dezong granted "Fuyou Qiancheng" to the temple.

Pioneers

Yulin National Teacher

The founder of Chanyuan temple is Yulin national teacher. Yulin National Teacher (1614-1675) was born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Her name was Tongxiu and her common surname was Yang. Minhui was a child. At the age of 19, he became a monk in yuanxiu of Qingshan mountain, and received the full precepts. When I heard the Zen saying of Mazu Daoyi - "suck up the water of Xijiang River in one mouthful", I suddenly realized that my teacher called it "the man who will come again". It has the saying that "the heaven and the earth will be covered, and the dragon in the man will pass on linjizong when he is young.". After the administration of justice, linjizong lived in Baoen temple in Huzhou, where he worked in four directions. At that time, it was in parallel with Tiantong Miyun Yuanwu Taoism, which was called "Er Ganlu gate".

Life of the characters

In 1658, Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty sent envoys to the imperial court. The emperor summoned him to Neiyuan to "ask calmly, hate the evening of meeting each other", and gave him the title of "Zen master Dajue". The emperor was very happy and gave him incense and vestments. In the autumn of 1660, the 17th year of Shunzhi, he was called to the capital again. He was called "Da Shen Pu Ji Neng Ren national master". He was granted the gold seal of purple clothes and opened the imperial altar. On the day of Buddha's becoming Tao, he preached Bodhisattva's great precepts to 1500 people in the cishou temple outside Fucheng gate. Mr. Wulin asked Abbot Tianmu Mountain. The ancestral pagoda is located in Tianmu Mountain, which is the origin of the Wulin. The ancient trees are towering and the most secluded. However, due to the war, the unruly felled the forest and destroyed it. According to Gude's "thousands of bamboos, thousands of pines, moving is nothing but touching the ancestors", National Teacher Yulin forbids cutting down stones. A few years later, it's back to the old view. He rebuilt the temple and changed the "shuangqingzhuang" at the foot of the mountain into a Zen temple, forming the scale of the former site of the temple. In the spring of 1675 (the 14th year of Kangxi reign), the national master wanted to travel to Mount Wutai. He wandered northward and crossed the river because of the heat. He stopped at ciyun'an in qingjiangpu (now Huai'an, Jiangsu Province), "took a bath, sat down, and said that he died.". He said, "there is no life, and there is no death now. This is the right saying. "Shishou 62, disciples welcome niche to Tianmu.

structure

The temple has a large scale and complete layout. It is divided into three axes: the central axis is Tianwang hall, Weituo hall, daxiongbao hall, Fatang Hall (the upper floor is Yushu Pavilion), Zutang Hall (the upper floor is Hanhui tower); the eastern axis is Hakka Hall (also known as five buildings), upper guest room, pharmacist Hall (the upper floor is Jingtu Pavilion), Fangzhang Hall (the upper floor is Dashu Pavilion), zhuiyuan Hall (the upper floor is Dabei Pavilion), and there is dizang hall on the east side of zhuiyuan hall On the West axis are the Guanyin Pavilion (upstairs), the Guanyin Hall (also known as Zun hall, second floor), the West Hall (Yunshui Hall), the Jietang (upstairs is Yizhu hall, and the East Hall is the inner hall), the Chan hall, and the louyunxuan (upstairs is Wanxiang Hall, and the East Hall is mengtang). At present, the buildings to the east of the main hall were destroyed by Japanese bombing, but the ruins are still there. The buildings on the West axis are basically complete, but the official guest hall has been transformed into "Tianmu Mountain Hotel", and the rest of the original buildings are still there.

destroy

During the Anti Japanese War, xitianmu was the center of Anti Japanese and national salvation movement in Western Zhejiang. In February 1938, the Shouyuan Office of the first district of Zhejiang Province first moved to the West Tianmu Chanyuan temple to hold a training class for the cadres of the national anti Japanese self defense forces. Then all kinds of Anti Japanese organizations moved in one after another. In January 1939, the administrative office of West Zhejiang moved to Chanyuan temple again. In July of the same year, Zhexi daily and Minzu daily were published one after another. The special committee of West Zhejiang of the CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee sent a group of Communists to the west to promote the Anti Japanese and national salvation movement. In particular, in March 1939, Zhou Enlai, as the Vice Minister of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the national government, arrived at the Chanyuan temple in the West Tianmu Mountain to analyze the situation of the Anti Japanese War, point out the bright future of the Anti Japanese War, and greatly encouraged the Anti Japanese morale. Zhou Enlai's visit had a great impact on the work of the party in Zhejiang Province, on the development of the united front and the Anti Japanese national salvation movement. Since then, Chan Yuan Temple has become a base for anti Japanese national salvation, and has been regarded as an eyesore by the Japanese aggressors. On April 15, 1941, the traitors set fire to the mountain to guide the target. Seven Japanese planes recklessly flew low Frisbees over the Chanyuan temple, dropped more than 30 bombs in turn, bombed the administrative headquarters in Western Zhejiang, and destroyed one of the torches of the whole temple.

status

Zen source temple has a special position in the history of Chinese Buddhism and Zhejiang Buddhism. Linjizong, a Japanese Buddhist, regarded it as one of the ancestral courts and visited Zhejiang many times. With luxuriant trees and elegant scenery, the West Tianmu Mountain is the birthplace of the whole mountain system and water system in Hangzhou. Its water flows from Daxi in the east to Tiaoxi in the East, and then to Zixi in the West. According to the annotation to the water classic, "the water of Zhejiang Province flows out of Wuxing county and lies in the North Tianmu Mountain. The mountain is very high and steep, and the cliffs and mountains are stacked. It faces Houdong in the West. There are frost trees on the mountain, all of which are trees of hundreds of years, which are called xiangfenglin. There are waterfalls on the East and the west, which bet several acres of deep marsh, which is called Jiaochi. More than ten li, Ji Shilei, supporting each other, under the hole white sand fine stone, shape like frost and snow, water and wood against each other, spring stone Zhenghui, named loulin. 」。

In 2001, under master yuezhao, the temple was rebuilt and a grand opening ceremony was held

Chinese PinYin : Chan Yuan Si