Baiheshan

Baiheshan

Baiheshan (also known as Zhushan), located at the intersection of Xun River and guierjiang River, used to be called "hebengang" or "feihegang". Since ancient times, the mountain has been a place of interest in Wuzhou. "Hegang huizhao" is one of the eight scenic spots in Cangwu. When the morning sun just rises from the Xijiang River, and the morning fog is still on the river, facing each other across the river, the graceful and graceful Baihe mountain is like a fairy lying in the clouds. When the setting sun shines in the west, the reflection of baiheshan is thrown into the green and bright Guijiang river, just like a beautiful girl dressing in the mirror.

history

In 1897, after Wuzhou was established as a trading port, Britain erected a Great Britain boundary monument around baiheshan and set up a consular office. The Methodist Church, the holy book society, and the American Bible College are also located here. At the foot of Baihe mountain stands a wooden sign forbidding tourists to climb. In the spring of 1918, several soldiers of the GUI army were on a mountaineering tour. The British Consul released a wolf dog to bite people. The platoon leader of the GUI army killed a foreign dog in self-defense. Later, he was coerced by the British consul's office and shot to pay for the dog's life. After the anti British wave, Britain returned to baiheshan in 1928.

Park Landscape

Baiheshan was turned into a park in 1930, covering an area of about 14 hectares, with towering ancient trees and fragrant flowers. On the top of the mountain are the former site of the British Consulate General, the stone tablet of "return my River and mountain" and other cultural relics, as well as flower beds, amusement parks and pools. Hegang tower is magnificent, simple and elegant, with bonsai plants in front of the building and white crane sculptures in the middle. The building is three stories high. You can see the whole city from the south, the rolling waves of Xijiang River and the East. You can see the Dragon Island from the south, which is interesting to take photos with Yunsheng tower. You can see the city from the East, the Guijiang River Bridge is flying from east to west, and the buildings are lined with clouds, haze and trees. The museum displays stalactite, Caixia stone and Mo stone in southeastern Guangxi. Some are like a thousand year old turtle, some are like a golden phoenix spreading its wings, and some are even more magical, like the head of the queen of England. All kinds of forms are strange to visitors.

The whole story of the British Consulate's recovery in baiheshan

In February of the seventh year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1857), a group of British gunboats invaded Wuzhou by tracing the Xijiang River, surveying the navigation channels along the way and drawing charts. In the first month of the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), Britain and France jointly sent five ships carrying more than 3000 troops to invade Wuzhou from Guangzhou and explore the waterway from Wuzhou to the mainland. In October of the first year of tongzhi (1862), the British gunboat "Huangpu" invaded Tengxian along the Xijiang River through Wuzhou. It explored the channel of Xijiang River again to prepare for further invasion of Wuzhou.

After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government sent Li Hongzhang to Japan to negotiate peace. In the draft of the peace treaty, the Japanese side proposed to open "Wuzhou Prefecture in Guangxi" and other seven places as trading ports. Li Hongzhang said that "local people in Xiangtan and Wuzhou always hate outsiders most. If they open their mouth, it will be difficult for local officials to protect them." There is no open Wuzhou.

After the Sino French war, the Qing government was eager to seek peace and signed a peace treaty with France, confirming France's special rights and interests in Guangxi. On this pretext, Britain said that the Qing government violated the Sino British "continued discussion on the boundary between Yunnan and Myanmar, the special fund for business" (1894), and proposed new blackmail, including Xijiang's foreign trade. The Qing government decided to open the Xijiang River to trade under the consideration of the so-called "the two evils are in the opposite shape, the lighter one is, and it is afraid that the decision will be delayed, and it will be more difficult to deal with.". Gong Zhaoyuan, the Qing government's envoy to Britain, negotiated with Britain. On February 4, 1897, Li Hongzhang, the representative of the Qing government, and Dou nale, the British envoy, signed the supplementary provisions of the Sino British Treaty on Myanmar in Beijing, with a special article on Xijiang trade: "now we have made it clear to each other that Wuzhou Prefecture in Guangxi and jiangenxu, the county seat of Sanshui in Guangdong, will be opened as trading ports, as the residence of consular officers. Ships will go from Hong Kong to Sanshui and Wuzhou, and from Guangzhou to Sanshui And Wuzhou, the customs shall decide on their own routes and show them in advance. On June 5, Li Hongzhang and Dou nale exchanged the text of the treaty in Beijing, and the treaty came into force. They also informed the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, the ministers of Guangdong and Guangxi, and the governor of Guangdong and Haiguan. Wuzhou set up the customs and the British acted as the Department of customs and revenue. 、

In the name of protecting the trade interests of the overseas Chinese in Wu, Britain bought land and set up a consular office in baiheshan to build another bridgehead for invading China. According to relevant information, the land price paid by the British to buy baiheshan and the two nearby hills is only "2400 copper dollars". According to the regulations of the exchange of one silver dollar for 1000 coins in the late Qing Dynasty, "2400 copper coins" means 24 silver dollars. At that time, in a normal year, one yuan could only buy about 25 Jin of medium rice. In other words, the land price of Baihe mountain and the two nearby hills is only equal to the value of 600 Jin meters! The local officials in the Qing Dynasty were obsessed with foreigners and ignorant, which was really a pain in the neck.

Location of baiheshan

Baiheshan is located at the intersection of Xun River and guier river. It used to be called "hebengang" or "feihegang". Since ancient times, the mountain has been a place of interest in Wuzhou. "Hegang huizhao" is one of the eight scenic spots in Cangwu.

Brief introduction to British Consulate General

The British Consulate's office on baiheshan covers an area of 1500 square meters, with a building area of about 1000 square meters. It is of brick and wood structure, with corridors on four sides. There are seven brick columns in the front door. There are wing rooms, offices, residences, etc. from the front door. The roof is glazed tiles, and the architectural form has both Chinese and Western styles.

From 1895 to 1911, Britain appointed E. P. Bennett, Alexander Hosie, P. f. Hausser, H. F. king and H. A. otteville as consuls in Wu to manage their affairs. France, Italy, Belgium and Austria Hungary also have consuls in Wuzhou. In 1899, Italy appointed Z. volpicelli as consul in Wu. In 1907, F. pelofi was appointed consul of Wuzhou. From August of the 28th year of Guangxu (1902) to the first year of Xuantong (1909), Belgium sent th. Hamman, J. bribosia and Francis Janssens as consuls in Wuzhou, all of whom were consuls in Hong Kong. The consuls of Austria and Hungary in Wuzhou are all British consuls in Wuzhou.

At the foot of the mountain, the Consulate General put up a sign saying "no mountaineering", forbidding Chinese people to visit the mountain. On December 16, 1919, the platoon leader of Qin Debiao, a member of the Guangxi military and horse army, and 28 soldiers delivered all kinds of bullets and uniforms to Wuzhou. They went to sanjiaozui for a visit. They did not know that "tourists are not allowed to climb mountains" in Baihe mountain, but still went up to visit it. The British consular sentry ordered the Chinese soldiers to leave, and Qin Debiao quarreled with the British. The British patrolman groves intervened and let the wolf dog bite. Qin Debiao was forced to shoot the wolf dog and hurt the patrolman's head. When British Consul Smith heard of the interference, Qin Debiao ordered the soldiers to escort the British patrolman and the consul back to the camp. Huang peigui, the garrison envoy of Wuzhou, was flustered when he heard the news. He rushed to YingZhuo groves to Sida hospital for treatment, and arrested Qin Debiao and others. The British Consul asked Huang peigui to agree to the terms before returning to the consulate. After returning to the office, the British consul general immediately called the British Consul General in Guangzhou. The British consul general immediately sent a telegram to the authorities of Guangxi and Wuzhou to threaten, and then Hong Kong launched a demonstration by two warships, namely "Moxuan" and "Mofu". They had to ask governor Tan and commander Ma Jun to personally apologize to the British consul and the British captor. After consultation with the British side, Lu Rongting decided that commander Ma Jun would apologize to the British Consul in writing, and personally apologize to the commander for the injuries on behalf of the soldiers; gathered Wuzhou soldiers to salute the British flag on the riverside, and made a pamphlet of the salute ceremony photos and drawings to the British government; the Wuzhou Fort saluted 21 times, Qin Debang was executed, and 12 soldiers were imprisoned forever; the compensation was 10000 yuan. On March 2, Wuzhou soldiers lined up on the riverside to salute the British flag, and the Wuzhou Fort also fired 21 salutes. After this humiliating incident, Wuzhou people were in an uproar and began to demonstrate one after another, full of deep hatred for the aggressors.

The recovery experience of baiheshan

The recovery of baiheshan originated from the "May 30th Massacre" which shocked China and foreign countries in 1925 and the subsequent strike between the province and Hong Kong. In January 1922, Hong Kong Seamen went on strike. Wuzhou seamen responded positively and set up "Wuzhou branch of the provincial and Hong Kong ship trade union" to carry out the strike for more than a month. The traffic of Wugang was interrupted, which dealt a heavy blow to British forces. After the May 30th and Shaji massacres and the Hong Kong strike broke out one after another, the people of Wuzhou actively participated in the anti imperialist and patriotic movement, organized foreign associations from all walks of life in Wuzhou, petitioned the Wuzhou rehabilitation office and Guangxi negotiation department, broke off economic ties with Japan, inspected and confiscated goods from Britain and Japan, held large-scale demonstrations among students from various schools, and resolutely demanded the abolition of foreign privileges in Wuzhou. In 1925, on the first anniversary of the May 30th incident, people from all walks of life in Wuzhou supported the May 30th Movement in Shanghai and the Shaji massacre in Guangzhou, held demonstrations, surrounded the British Consulate General in Wuzhou and protested against the British atrocities. "All the Chinese working in the British consular office were dismissed, which made the British Consul very scared to escape from the warship and return to Hong Kong, and never dare to come back. ——-Because without the help of the Chinese people, especially living on the very high mountain, eating and carrying water are all problems. " (Huang Shaohong: Fifty memories)

After the British Consul withdrew, the British Consul

Chinese PinYin : Bai He Shan